Seamless integration between Rollup and Babel.
If you're using Babel to transpile your ES6/7 code and Rollup to generate a standalone bundle, you have a couple of options:
- run the code through Babel first, being careful to exclude the module transformer, or
- run the code through Rollup first, and then pass it to Babel.
Both approaches have disadvantages – in the first case, on top of the additional configuration complexity, you may end up with Babel's helpers (like classCallCheck) repeated throughout your code (once for each module where the helpers are used). In the second case, transpiling is likely to be slower, because transpiling a large bundle is much more work for Babel than transpiling a set of small files.
Either way, you have to worry about a place to put the intermediate files, and getting sourcemaps to behave becomes a royal pain.
Using Rollup with rollup-plugin-babel makes the process far easier.
babel 7.x
npm install --save-dev rollup-plugin-babel@latestbabel 6.x
npm install --save-dev rollup-plugin-babel@3rollup.config.js (docs):
import babel from 'rollup-plugin-babel';
import pkg from './package.json';
const config = {
input: 'src/index.js',
output: [
{
file: pkg.module,
format: 'esm',
},
],
plugins: [babel()],
};
export default config;import { rollup } from 'rollup';
import babel from 'rollup-plugin-babel';
rollup({
input: 'main.js',
plugins: [
babel({
exclude: 'node_modules/**'
})
]
}).then(...)All options are as per the Babel documentation, plus the following:
options.externalHelpers: a boolean value indicating whether to bundle in the Babel helpersoptions.includeandoptions.exclude: each a minimatch pattern, or array of minimatch patterns, which determine which files are transpiled by Babel (by default, all files are transpiled)options.externalHelpersWhitelist: an array which gives explicit control over which babelHelper functions are allowed in the bundle (by default, every helper is allowed)options.extensions: an array of file extensions that Babel should transpile (by default the Babel defaults of .js, .jsx, .es6, .es, .mjs. are used)
Babel will respect .babelrc files – this is generally the best place to put your configuration.
You can also run Babel on the generated chunks instead of the input files. Even though this is slower, it is the only way to transpile Rollup's auto-generated wrapper code to lower compatibility targets than ES5 (or most likely ES6 when Rollup 2 will be released), see Running Babel on the generated code for details.
Ideally, you should only be transforming your source code, rather than running all of your external dependencies through Babel – hence the exclude: 'node_modules/**' in the example above. If you have a dependency that exposes untranspiled ES6 source code that doesn't run in your target environment, then you may need to break this rule, but it often causes problems with unusual .babelrc files or mismatched versions of Babel.
We encourage library authors not to distribute code that uses untranspiled ES6 features (other than modules) for this reason. Consumers of your library should not have to transpile your ES6 code, any more than they should have to transpile your CoffeeScript, ClojureScript or TypeScript.
Use babelrc: false to prevent Babel from using local (i.e. to your external dependencies) .babelrc files, relying instead on the configuration you pass in.
In some cases Babel uses helpers to avoid repeating chunks of code – for example, if you use the class keyword, it will use a classCallCheck function to ensure that the class is instantiated correctly.
By default, those helpers will be inserted at the top of the file being transformed, which can lead to duplication. This rollup plugin automatically deduplicates those helpers, keeping only one copy of each one used in the output bundle. Rollup will combine the helpers in a single block at the top of your bundle. To achieve the same in Babel 6 you must use the external-helpers plugin.
Alternatively, if you know what you're doing, you can use the transform-runtime plugin. If you do this, use runtimeHelpers: true:
rollup.rollup({
...,
plugins: [
babel({ runtimeHelpers: true })
]
}).then(...)By default externalHelpers option is set to false so babel helpers will be included in your bundle.
If you do not wish the babel helpers to be included in your bundle at all (but instead reference the global babelHelpers object), you may set the externalHelpers option to true:
rollup.rollup({
...,
plugins: [
babel({
plugins: ['external-helpers'],
externalHelpers: true
})
]
}).then(...)This is not needed for Babel 7 - it knows automatically that Rollup understands ES modules & that it shouldn't use any module transform with it. The section below describes what needs to be done for Babel 6.
The env preset includes the transform-es2015-modules-commonjs plugin, which converts ES6 modules to CommonJS – preventing Rollup from working. Since Babel 6.3 it's possible to deactivate module transformation with "modules": false. So there is no need to use the old workaround with babel-preset-es2015-rollup, that will work for Babel <6.13. Rollup will throw an error if this is incorrectly configured.
However, setting modules: false in your .babelrc may conflict if you are using babel-register. To work around this, specify babelrc: false in your rollup config. This allows Rollup to bypass your .babelrc file. In order to use the env preset, you will also need to specify it with modules: false option:
plugins: [
babel({
babelrc: false,
presets: [['env', { modules: false }]],
}),
];You can run rollup-plugin-babel on the output files instead of the input files by using babel.generated(...). This can be used to perform code transformations on the resulting chunks and is the only way to transform Rollup's auto-generated code. By default, the plugin will be applied to all outputs:
// rollup.config.js
import babel from 'rollup-plugin-babel';
export default {
input: 'main.js',
plugins: [
babel.generated({
presets: ['@babel/env'],
}),
],
output: [
{ file: 'bundle.cjs.js', format: 'cjs' },
{ file: 'bundle.esm.js', format: 'esm' },
],
};If you only want to apply it to specific outputs, you can use it as an output plugin (requires at least Rollup v1.27.0):
// rollup.config.js
import babel from 'rollup-plugin-babel';
export default {
input: 'main.js',
output: [
{ file: 'bundle.js', format: 'esm' },
{
file: 'bundle.es5.js',
format: 'esm',
plugins: [babel.generated({ presets: ['@babel/env'] })],
},
],
};The include, exclude and extensions options are ignored when the when using .generated() will produce warnings, and there are a few more points to note that users should be aware of.
You can also run the plugin twice on the code, once when processing the input files to transpile special syntax to JavaScript and once on the output to transpile to a lower compatibility target:
// rollup.config.js
import babel from 'rollup-plugin-babel';
export default {
input: 'main.js',
plugins: [babel({ presets: ['@babel/preset-react'] })],
output: [
{
file: 'bundle.js',
format: 'esm',
plugins: [babel.generated({ presets: ['@babel/env'] })],
},
],
};Unlike the regular babel plugin, babel.generated(...) will not automatically search for Babel configuration files. Besides passing in Babel options directly, however, you can specify a configuration file manually via Babel's configFile option:
babel.generated({ configFile: path.resolve(__dirname, 'babel.config.js') });As babel.generated(...) will run after Rollup has done all its transformations, it needs to make sure it preserves the semantics of Rollup's output format. This is especially important for Babel plugins that add, modify or remove imports or exports, but also for other transformations that add new variables as they can accidentally become global variables depending on the format. Therefore it is recommended that for formats other than esm or cjs, you set Rollup to use the esm output format and let Babel handle the transformation to another format, e.g. via
presets: [['@babel/env', { modules: 'umd' }], ...]
to create a UMD/IIFE compatible output. If you want to use babel.generated(...) with other formats, you need to specify allowAllFormats: true as plugin option:
rollup.rollup({...})
.then(bundle => bundle.generate({
format: 'iife',
plugins: [babel.generated({
allowAllFormats: true,
...
})]
}))By default, helpers e.g. when transpiling classes will be inserted at the top of each chunk. In contrast to when applying this plugin on the input files, helpers will not be deduplicated across chunks.
Alternatively, you can use imported runtime helpers by adding the @babel/transform-runtime plugin. This will make @babel/runtime an external dependency of your project, see @babel/plugin-transform-runtime for details.
Note that this will only work for esm and cjs formats, and you need to make sure to set the useESModules option of @babel/plugin-transform-runtime to true if you create ESM output:
rollup.rollup({...})
.then(bundle => bundle.generate({
format: 'esm',
plugins: [babel.generated({
presets: ['@babel/env'],
plugins: [['@babel/transform-runtime', { useESModules: true }]]
})]
}))// input
export default class Foo {}
// output
import _classCallCheck from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck';
var Foo = function Foo() {
_classCallCheck(this, Foo);
};
export default Foo;And for CommonJS:
rollup.rollup({...})
.then(bundle => bundle.generate({
format: 'cjs',
plugins: [babel.generated({
presets: ['@babel/env'],
plugins: [['@babel/transform-runtime', { useESModules: false }]]
})]
}))// input
export default class Foo {}
// output
('use strict');
var _classCallCheck = require('@babel/runtime/helpers/classCallCheck');
var Foo = function Foo() {
_classCallCheck(this, Foo);
};
module.exports = Foo;Another option is to use @babel/plugin-external-helpers, which will reference the global babelHelpers object. It is your responsibility to make sure this global variable exists.
The following applies to Babel 6 only. If you're using Babel 5, do npm i -D rollup-plugin-babel@1, as version 2 and above no longer supports Babel 5
npm install --save-dev rollup-plugin-babel@3 babel-preset-env babel-plugin-external-helpers// .babelrc
{
"presets": [
[
"env",
{
"modules": false
}
]
],
"plugins": [
"external-helpers"
]
}rollup-plugin-babel exposes a plugin-builder utility that allows users to add custom handling of Babel's configuration for each file that it processes.
.custom accepts a callback that will be called with the loader's instance of babel so that tooling can ensure that it using exactly the same @babel/core instance as the loader itself.
It's main purpose is to allow other tools for configuration of transpilation without forcing people to add extra configuration but still allow for using their own babelrc / babel config files.
import babel from 'rollup-plugin-babel';
export default babel.custom(babelCore => {
function myPlugin() {
return {
visitor: {},
};
}
return {
// Passed the plugin options.
options({ opt1, opt2, ...pluginOptions }) {
return {
// Pull out any custom options that the plugin might have.
customOptions: { opt1, opt2 },
// Pass the options back with the two custom options removed.
pluginOptions,
};
},
config(cfg /* Passed Babel's 'PartialConfig' object. */, { code, customOptions }) {
if (cfg.hasFilesystemConfig()) {
// Use the normal config
return cfg.options;
}
return {
...cfg.options,
plugins: [
...(cfg.options.plugins || []),
// Include a custom plugin in the options.
myPlugin,
],
};
},
result(result, { code, customOptions, config, transformOptions }) {
return {
...result,
code: result.code + '\n// Generated by some custom plugin',
};
},
};
});MIT