diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/packages/semantics/BuildLanguageOptions.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/packages/semantics/BuildLanguageOptions.java
index 342542a945ddba..171a2cbea80aa4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/packages/semantics/BuildLanguageOptions.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/packages/semantics/BuildLanguageOptions.java
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ public final class BuildLanguageOptions extends OptionsBase {
 
   @Option(
       name = "incompatible_disallow_struct_provider_syntax",
-      defaultValue = "false",
+      defaultValue = "true",
       documentationCategory = OptionDocumentationCategory.STARLARK_SEMANTICS,
       effectTags = {OptionEffectTag.BUILD_FILE_SEMANTICS},
       metadataTags = {OptionMetadataTag.INCOMPATIBLE_CHANGE},
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ public StarlarkSemantics toStarlarkSemantics() {
       "-incompatible_disable_target_provider_fields";
   public static final String INCOMPATIBLE_DISALLOW_EMPTY_GLOB = "-incompatible_disallow_empty_glob";
   public static final String INCOMPATIBLE_DISALLOW_STRUCT_PROVIDER_SYNTAX =
-      "-incompatible_disallow_struct_provider_syntax";
+      "+incompatible_disallow_struct_provider_syntax";
   public static final String INCOMPATIBLE_PACKAGE_GROUP_HAS_PUBLIC_SYNTAX =
       FlagConstants.INCOMPATIBLE_PACKAGE_GROUP_HAS_PUBLIC_SYNTAX;
   public static final String INCOMPATIBLE_FIX_PACKAGE_GROUP_REPOROOT_SYNTAX =
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/starlark/StarlarkRuleClassFunctionsTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/starlark/StarlarkRuleClassFunctionsTest.java
index eeee50fa5d638e..0eb9d840d54798 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/starlark/StarlarkRuleClassFunctionsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/starlark/StarlarkRuleClassFunctionsTest.java
@@ -3329,9 +3329,9 @@ def f(ctx):
         "r/def.bzl",
         """
         load(":create.bzl", "create")
-
+        Info = provider()
         def f(ctx):
-            return struct(value = "NEW")
+            return Info(value = "NEW")
 
         r = create(f)
         """);
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/starlark/StarlarkStringRepresentationsTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/starlark/StarlarkStringRepresentationsTest.java
index b1d52c1430eab7..cc11f1231f72d0 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/starlark/StarlarkStringRepresentationsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/starlark/StarlarkStringRepresentationsTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.ConfiguredTarget;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.util.BuildViewTestCase;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.StarlarkInfo;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.ModifiedFileSet;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Root;
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ def _genfile_impl(ctx):
             implementation = _genfile_impl,
             outputs = {"my_output": "%{name}.txt"},
         )
-
+        CheckInfo = provider()
         def _check_impl(ctx):
             source_file = ctx.attr.srcs[0].files.to_list()[0]
             generated_file = ctx.attr.srcs[1].files.to_list()[0]
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ def _check_impl(ctx):
                 "source_root": source_file.root,
                 "generated_root": generated_file.root,
             }
-            return struct(**prepare_params(objects))
+            return CheckInfo(**prepare_params(objects))
 
         check = rule(
             implementation = _check_impl,
@@ -329,13 +330,14 @@ public void testStringRepresentations_select() throws Exception {
   public void testStringRepresentations_ruleContext() throws Exception {
     generateFilesToTestStrings();
     ConfiguredTarget target = getConfiguredTarget("//test/starlark:check");
+    StarlarkInfo checkInfo = getStarlarkProvider(target, "CheckInfo");
 
     for (String suffix : SUFFIXES) {
-      assertThat(target.get("rule_ctx" + suffix))
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("rule_ctx" + suffix))
           .isEqualTo("<rule context for //test/starlark:check>");
-      assertThat(target.get("aspect_ctx" + suffix))
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("aspect_ctx" + suffix))
           .isEqualTo("<aspect context for //test/starlark:bar>");
-      assertThat(target.get("aspect_ctx.rule" + suffix))
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("aspect_ctx.rule" + suffix))
           .isEqualTo("<rule collection for //test/starlark:bar>");
     }
   }
@@ -344,11 +346,12 @@ public void testStringRepresentations_ruleContext() throws Exception {
   public void testStringRepresentations_files() throws Exception {
     generateFilesToTestStrings();
     ConfiguredTarget target = getConfiguredTarget("//test/starlark:check");
+    StarlarkInfo checkInfo = getStarlarkProvider(target, "CheckInfo");
 
     for (String suffix : SUFFIXES) {
-      assertThat(target.get("source_file" + suffix))
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("source_file" + suffix))
           .isEqualTo("<source file test/starlark/input.txt>");
-      assertThat(target.get("generated_file" + suffix))
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("generated_file" + suffix))
           .isEqualTo("<generated file test/starlark/output.txt>");
     }
   }
@@ -357,10 +360,11 @@ public void testStringRepresentations_files() throws Exception {
   public void testStringRepresentations_root() throws Exception {
     generateFilesToTestStrings();
     ConfiguredTarget target = getConfiguredTarget("//test/starlark:check");
+    StarlarkInfo checkInfo = getStarlarkProvider(target, "CheckInfo");
 
     for (String suffix : SUFFIXES) {
-      assertThat(target.get("source_root" + suffix)).isEqualTo("<source root>");
-      assertThat(target.get("generated_root" + suffix)).isEqualTo("<derived root>");
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("source_root" + suffix)).isEqualTo("<source root>");
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("generated_root" + suffix)).isEqualTo("<derived root>");
     }
   }
 
@@ -396,16 +400,17 @@ public void testStringRepresentations_attr() throws Exception {
   public void testStringRepresentations_targets() throws Exception {
     generateFilesToTestStrings();
     ConfiguredTarget target = getConfiguredTarget("//test/starlark:check");
+    StarlarkInfo checkInfo = getStarlarkProvider(target, "CheckInfo");
 
     for (String suffix : SUFFIXES) {
-      assertThat(target.get("target" + suffix)).isEqualTo("<target //test/starlark:foo>");
-      assertThat(target.get("input_target" + suffix))
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("target" + suffix)).isEqualTo("<target //test/starlark:foo>");
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("input_target" + suffix))
           .isEqualTo("<input file target //test/starlark:input.txt>");
-      assertThat(target.get("output_target" + suffix))
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("output_target" + suffix))
           .isEqualTo("<output file target //test/starlark:output.txt>");
-      assertThat(target.get("alias_target" + suffix))
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("alias_target" + suffix))
           .isEqualTo("<alias target //test/starlark:foobar of //test/starlark:foo>");
-      assertThat(target.get("aspect_target" + suffix))
+      assertThat(checkInfo.getValue("aspect_target" + suffix))
           .isEqualTo("<merged target //test/starlark:bar>");
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/test/shell/bazel/bazel_java_test.sh b/src/test/shell/bazel/bazel_java_test.sh
index aa21da863548b1..d88494be5e97ee 100755
--- a/src/test/shell/bazel/bazel_java_test.sh
+++ b/src/test/shell/bazel/bazel_java_test.sh
@@ -245,10 +245,10 @@ def _impl(ctx):
     strict_deps = "ERROR",
     java_toolchain = ctx.attr._java_toolchain[java_common.JavaToolchainInfo],
   )
-  return struct(
-    files = depset([output_jar]),
-    providers = [compilation_provider]
-  )
+  return [
+    DefaultInfo(files = depset([output_jar])),
+    compilation_provider,
+  ]
 
 java_custom_library = rule(
   implementation = _impl,
diff --git a/src/test/shell/bazel/external_starlark_load_test.sh b/src/test/shell/bazel/external_starlark_load_test.sh
index e552671d5f847e..d22fb663ca2fe4 100755
--- a/src/test/shell/bazel/external_starlark_load_test.sh
+++ b/src/test/shell/bazel/external_starlark_load_test.sh
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ EOF
 
 cat > rule.bzl <<EOF
 def test_aspect_impl(target, ctx):
-  return struct()
+  return []
 
 test_aspect = aspect(
     attrs = {
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ test_aspect = aspect(
 )
 
 def test_rule_impl(ctx):
-  return struct()
+  return []
 
 test_rule = rule(
     attrs = {