diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/AbstractActionInputPrefetcher.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/AbstractActionInputPrefetcher.java
index 5c8798164a2bef..cd8c0c97b42c11 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/AbstractActionInputPrefetcher.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/AbstractActionInputPrefetcher.java
@@ -536,8 +536,9 @@ private Completable downloadFileNoCheckRx(
                         })
                     .doOnError(
                         error -> {
-                          if (error instanceof CacheNotFoundException) {
-                            reporter.post(new LostInputsEvent());
+                          if (error instanceof CacheNotFoundException cacheNotFoundException) {
+                            reporter.post(
+                                new LostInputsEvent(cacheNotFoundException.getMissingDigest()));
                           }
                         }));
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteActionContextProvider.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteActionContextProvider.java
index 7c7a51f0704ad2..bac348fbf467b1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteActionContextProvider.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteActionContextProvider.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
 import static com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors.directExecutor;
 
+import build.bazel.remote.execution.v2.Digest;
 import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningScheduledExecutorService;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.ExecutionOptions;
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.runtime.CommandEnvironment;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.OutputService;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Path;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ final class RemoteActionContextProvider {
   @Nullable private RemoteActionInputFetcher actionInputFetcher;
   @Nullable private final RemoteOutputChecker remoteOutputChecker;
   @Nullable private final OutputService outputService;
+  private final Set<Digest> knownMissingCasDigests;
 
   private RemoteActionContextProvider(
       Executor executor,
@@ -61,7 +64,8 @@ private RemoteActionContextProvider(
       DigestUtil digestUtil,
       @Nullable Path logDir,
       @Nullable RemoteOutputChecker remoteOutputChecker,
-      @Nullable OutputService outputService) {
+      @Nullable OutputService outputService,
+      Set<Digest> knownMissingCasDigests) {
     this.executor = executor;
     this.env = Preconditions.checkNotNull(env, "env");
     this.remoteCache = remoteCache;
@@ -71,12 +75,14 @@ private RemoteActionContextProvider(
     this.logDir = logDir;
     this.remoteOutputChecker = remoteOutputChecker;
     this.outputService = outputService;
+    this.knownMissingCasDigests = knownMissingCasDigests;
   }
 
   public static RemoteActionContextProvider createForPlaceholder(
       CommandEnvironment env,
       ListeningScheduledExecutorService retryScheduler,
-      DigestUtil digestUtil) {
+      DigestUtil digestUtil,
+      Set<Digest> knownMissingCasDigests) {
     return new RemoteActionContextProvider(
         directExecutor(),
         env,
@@ -86,7 +92,8 @@ public static RemoteActionContextProvider createForPlaceholder(
         digestUtil,
         /* logDir= */ null,
         /* remoteOutputChecker= */ null,
-        /* outputService= */ null);
+        /* outputService= */ null,
+        knownMissingCasDigests);
   }
 
   public static RemoteActionContextProvider createForRemoteCaching(
@@ -96,7 +103,8 @@ public static RemoteActionContextProvider createForRemoteCaching(
       ListeningScheduledExecutorService retryScheduler,
       DigestUtil digestUtil,
       @Nullable RemoteOutputChecker remoteOutputChecker,
-      OutputService outputService) {
+      OutputService outputService,
+      Set<Digest> knownMissingCasDigests) {
     return new RemoteActionContextProvider(
         executor,
         env,
@@ -106,7 +114,8 @@ public static RemoteActionContextProvider createForRemoteCaching(
         digestUtil,
         /* logDir= */ null,
         remoteOutputChecker,
-        checkNotNull(outputService));
+        checkNotNull(outputService),
+        knownMissingCasDigests);
   }
 
   public static RemoteActionContextProvider createForRemoteExecution(
@@ -118,7 +127,8 @@ public static RemoteActionContextProvider createForRemoteExecution(
       DigestUtil digestUtil,
       Path logDir,
       @Nullable RemoteOutputChecker remoteOutputChecker,
-      OutputService outputService) {
+      OutputService outputService,
+      Set<Digest> knownMissingCasDigests) {
     return new RemoteActionContextProvider(
         executor,
         env,
@@ -128,7 +138,8 @@ public static RemoteActionContextProvider createForRemoteExecution(
         digestUtil,
         logDir,
         remoteOutputChecker,
-        checkNotNull(outputService));
+        checkNotNull(outputService),
+        knownMissingCasDigests);
   }
 
   private RemotePathResolver createRemotePathResolver() {
@@ -180,7 +191,8 @@ private RemoteExecutionService getRemoteExecutionService() {
               tempPathGenerator,
               captureCorruptedOutputsDir,
               remoteOutputChecker,
-              outputService);
+              outputService,
+              knownMissingCasDigests);
       env.getEventBus().register(remoteExecutionService);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionCache.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionCache.java
index f9f7603af469ed..cec1f33d197b54 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionCache.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionCache.java
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ private ListenableFuture<Void> uploadBlob(
           // If we get here, the remote input was determined to exist in the remote or disk cache at
           // some point before action execution, but reported to be missing when querying the remote
           // for missing action inputs; possibly because it was evicted in the interim.
-          reporter.post(new LostInputsEvent());
+          reporter.post(new LostInputsEvent(digest));
           throw new CacheNotFoundException(digest, path.getPathString());
         }
       } catch (IOException e) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionService.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionService.java
index 31d78973c40fe7..ccefcc55a40d21 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionService.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionService.java
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.SpawnResult;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Spawns;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.platform.PlatformUtils;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.buildtool.buildevent.BuildCompleteEvent;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.buildtool.buildevent.BuildInterruptedEvent;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.events.Event;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.events.Reporter;
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.remote.RemoteExecutionService.ActionResultMetadata.SymlinkMetadata;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.remote.Scrubber.SpawnScrubber;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.remote.common.BulkTransferException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.remote.common.LostInputsEvent;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.remote.common.OperationObserver;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.remote.common.OutputDigestMismatchException;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.remote.common.ProgressStatusListener;
@@ -189,6 +191,7 @@ public class RemoteExecutionService {
   private final OutputService outputService;
 
   @Nullable private final Scrubber scrubber;
+  private final Set<Digest> knownMissingCasDigests;
 
   public RemoteExecutionService(
       Executor executor,
@@ -205,7 +208,8 @@ public RemoteExecutionService(
       TempPathGenerator tempPathGenerator,
       @Nullable Path captureCorruptedOutputsDir,
       @Nullable RemoteOutputChecker remoteOutputChecker,
-      OutputService outputService) {
+      OutputService outputService,
+      Set<Digest> knownMissingCasDigests) {
     this.reporter = reporter;
     this.verboseFailures = verboseFailures;
     this.execRoot = execRoot;
@@ -231,6 +235,7 @@ public RemoteExecutionService(
     this.scheduler = Schedulers.from(executor, /* interruptibleWorker= */ true);
     this.remoteOutputChecker = remoteOutputChecker;
     this.outputService = outputService;
+    this.knownMissingCasDigests = knownMissingCasDigests;
   }
 
   private Command buildCommand(
@@ -648,6 +653,7 @@ public static class RemoteActionResult {
     private final ActionResult actionResult;
     @Nullable private final ExecuteResponse executeResponse;
     @Nullable private final String cacheName;
+    @Nullable private ActionResultMetadata metadata;
 
     /** Creates a new {@link RemoteActionResult} instance from a cached result. */
     public static RemoteActionResult createFromCache(CachedActionResult cachedActionResult) {
@@ -688,8 +694,20 @@ public List<OutputDirectory> getOutputDirectories() {
       return actionResult.getOutputDirectoriesList();
     }
 
-    public int getOutputDirectoriesCount() {
-      return actionResult.getOutputDirectoriesCount();
+    public ActionResultMetadata getOrParseActionResultMetadata(
+        RemoteCache remoteCache,
+        DigestUtil digestUtil,
+        RemoteActionExecutionContext context,
+        RemotePathResolver remotePathResolver)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+      if (metadata == null) {
+        try (SilentCloseable c = Profiler.instance().profile("Remote.parseActionResultMetadata")) {
+          metadata =
+              parseActionResultMetadata(
+                  remoteCache, digestUtil, context, actionResult, remotePathResolver);
+        }
+      }
+      return metadata;
     }
 
     public List<OutputSymlink> getOutputDirectorySymlinks() {
@@ -783,7 +801,53 @@ public RemoteActionResult lookupCache(RemoteAction action)
       return null;
     }
 
-    return RemoteActionResult.createFromCache(cachedActionResult);
+    var result = RemoteActionResult.createFromCache(cachedActionResult);
+
+    // We only add digests to `knownMissingCasDigests` when LostInputsEvent occurs which will cause
+    // the build to abort and rewind, so there is no data race here. This allows us to avoid the
+    // check until cache eviction happens.
+    if (!knownMissingCasDigests.isEmpty()) {
+      var metadata =
+          result.getOrParseActionResultMetadata(
+              remoteCache,
+              digestUtil,
+              action.getRemoteActionExecutionContext(),
+              action.getRemotePathResolver());
+
+      // If we already know digests referenced by this AC is missing from remote cache, ignore it so
+      // that we can fall back to execution. This could happen when the remote cache is an HTTP
+      // cache, or doesn't implement AC integrity check.
+      //
+      // See https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/18696.
+      if (updateKnownMissingCasDigests(knownMissingCasDigests, metadata)) {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes digests referenced by {@code metadata} from {@code knownMissingCasDigests} and returns
+   * whether any were removed
+   */
+  private static boolean updateKnownMissingCasDigests(
+      Set<Digest> knownMissingCasDigests, ActionResultMetadata metadata) {
+    // Using `remove` below because we assume the missing blob will be uploaded afterwards.
+    var result = false;
+    for (var file : metadata.files()) {
+      if (knownMissingCasDigests.remove(file.digest())) {
+        result = true;
+      }
+    }
+    for (var entry : metadata.directories()) {
+      for (var file : entry.getValue().files()) {
+        if (knownMissingCasDigests.remove(file.digest())) {
+          result = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
   }
 
   private ListenableFuture<FileMetadata> downloadFile(
@@ -995,7 +1059,7 @@ public Collection<SymlinkMetadata> symlinks() {
     }
   }
 
-  private DirectoryMetadata parseDirectory(
+  private static DirectoryMetadata parseDirectory(
       Path parent, Directory dir, Map<Digest, Directory> childDirectoriesMap) {
     ImmutableList.Builder<FileMetadata> filesBuilder = ImmutableList.builder();
     for (FileNode file : dir.getFilesList()) {
@@ -1023,16 +1087,18 @@ private DirectoryMetadata parseDirectory(
     return new DirectoryMetadata(filesBuilder.build(), symlinksBuilder.build());
   }
 
-  ActionResultMetadata parseActionResultMetadata(
+  static ActionResultMetadata parseActionResultMetadata(
+      RemoteCache remoteCache,
+      DigestUtil digestUtil,
       RemoteActionExecutionContext context,
-      RemoteActionResult result,
+      ActionResult result,
       RemotePathResolver remotePathResolver)
       throws IOException, InterruptedException {
     checkNotNull(remoteCache, "remoteCache can't be null");
 
     Map<Path, ListenableFuture<Tree>> dirMetadataDownloads =
         Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(result.getOutputDirectoriesCount());
-    for (OutputDirectory dir : result.getOutputDirectories()) {
+    for (OutputDirectory dir : result.getOutputDirectoriesList()) {
       var outputPath = encodeBytestringUtf8(dir.getPath());
       dirMetadataDownloads.put(
           remotePathResolver.outputPathToLocalPath(outputPath),
@@ -1059,7 +1125,7 @@ ActionResultMetadata parseActionResultMetadata(
     }
 
     ImmutableMap.Builder<Path, FileMetadata> files = ImmutableMap.builder();
-    for (OutputFile outputFile : result.getOutputFiles()) {
+    for (OutputFile outputFile : result.getOutputFilesList()) {
       Path localPath =
           remotePathResolver.outputPathToLocalPath(encodeBytestringUtf8(outputFile.getPath()));
       files.put(
@@ -1070,9 +1136,9 @@ ActionResultMetadata parseActionResultMetadata(
     var symlinkMap = new HashMap<Path, SymlinkMetadata>();
     var outputSymlinks =
         Iterables.concat(
-            result.getOutputFileSymlinks(),
-            result.getOutputDirectorySymlinks(),
-            result.getOutputSymlinks());
+            result.getOutputFileSymlinksList(),
+            result.getOutputDirectorySymlinksList(),
+            result.getOutputSymlinksList());
     for (var symlink : outputSymlinks) {
       var localPath =
           remotePathResolver.outputPathToLocalPath(encodeBytestringUtf8(symlink.getPath()));
@@ -1132,10 +1198,9 @@ public InMemoryOutput downloadOutputs(RemoteAction action, RemoteActionResult re
       context = context.withReadCachePolicy(context.getReadCachePolicy().addRemoteCache());
     }
 
-    ActionResultMetadata metadata;
-    try (SilentCloseable c = Profiler.instance().profile("Remote.parseActionResultMetadata")) {
-      metadata = parseActionResultMetadata(context, result, action.getRemotePathResolver());
-    }
+    ActionResultMetadata metadata =
+        result.getOrParseActionResultMetadata(
+            remoteCache, digestUtil, context, action.getRemotePathResolver());
 
     // The expiration time for remote cache entries.
     var expireAtEpochMilli = Instant.now().plus(remoteOptions.remoteCacheTtl).toEpochMilli();
@@ -1205,6 +1270,7 @@ public InMemoryOutput downloadOutputs(RemoteAction action, RemoteActionResult re
         if (realToTmpPath.containsKey(file.path)) {
           continue;
         }
+
         if (shouldDownload(result, file.path.relativeTo(execRoot))) {
           Path tmpPath = tempPathGenerator.generateTempPath();
           realToTmpPath.put(file.path, tmpPath);
@@ -1308,6 +1374,12 @@ public InMemoryOutput downloadOutputs(RemoteAction action, RemoteActionResult re
         }
       }
 
+      if (result.executeResponse != null && !knownMissingCasDigests.isEmpty()) {
+        // A succeeded execution uploads outputs to CAS. Refresh our knowledge about missing
+        // digests.
+        var unused = updateKnownMissingCasDigests(knownMissingCasDigests, metadata);
+      }
+
       // When downloading outputs from just remotely executed action, the action result comes from
       // Execution response which means, if disk cache is enabled, action result hasn't been
       // uploaded to it. Upload action result to disk cache here so next build could hit it.
@@ -1591,6 +1663,20 @@ public void onBuildInterrupted(BuildInterruptedEvent event) {
     buildInterrupted.set(true);
   }
 
+  @Subscribe
+  public void onBuildComplete(BuildCompleteEvent event) {
+    if (event.getResult().getSuccess()) {
+      // If build succeeded, clear knownMissingCasDigests in case there are missing digests from
+      // other targets from previous builds which are not relevant anymore.
+      knownMissingCasDigests.clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Subscribe
+  public void onLostInputs(LostInputsEvent event) {
+    knownMissingCasDigests.add(event.getMissingDigest());
+  }
+
   /**
    * Shuts the service down. Wait for active network I/O to finish but new requests are rejected.
    */
@@ -1625,7 +1711,6 @@ public void shutdown() {
   }
 
   void report(Event evt) {
-
     synchronized (this) {
       if (reportedErrors.contains(evt.getMessage())) {
         return;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteModule.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteModule.java
index 6df0c132177592..f4811b911e51fa 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteModule.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteModule.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
 
+import build.bazel.remote.execution.v2.Digest;
 import build.bazel.remote.execution.v2.DigestFunction;
 import com.github.benmanes.caffeine.cache.Cache;
 import com.google.auth.Credentials;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 import com.google.common.base.Throwables;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningScheduledExecutorService;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@
 import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
@@ -127,6 +130,8 @@ public final class RemoteModule extends BlazeModule {
   private final ListeningScheduledExecutorService retryScheduler =
       MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1));
 
+  private final Set<Digest> knownMissingCasDigests = Sets.newConcurrentHashSet();
+
   @Nullable private AsynchronousMessageOutputStream<LogEntry> rpcLogFile;
   @Nullable private ExecutorService executorService;
   @Nullable private RemoteActionContextProvider actionContextProvider;
@@ -249,7 +254,8 @@ private void initHttpAndDiskCache(
             /* retryScheduler= */ null,
             digestUtil,
             remoteOutputChecker,
-            outputService);
+            outputService,
+            knownMissingCasDigests);
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -272,6 +278,10 @@ public void beforeCommand(CommandEnvironment env) throws AbruptExitException {
     Preconditions.checkState(remoteOutputChecker == null, "remoteOutputChecker must be null");
     Preconditions.checkState(outputService == null, "remoteOutputService must be null");
 
+    if ("clean".equals(env.getCommandName())) {
+      knownMissingCasDigests.clear();
+    }
+
     RemoteOptions remoteOptions = env.getOptions().getOptions(RemoteOptions.class);
     if (remoteOptions == null) {
       // Quit if no supported command is being used. See getCommandOptions for details.
@@ -328,7 +338,8 @@ public void beforeCommand(CommandEnvironment env) throws AbruptExitException {
     if (!enableDiskCache && !enableHttpCache && !enableGrpcCache && !enableRemoteExecution) {
       // Quit if no remote caching or execution was enabled.
       actionContextProvider =
-          RemoteActionContextProvider.createForPlaceholder(env, retryScheduler, digestUtil);
+          RemoteActionContextProvider.createForPlaceholder(
+              env, retryScheduler, digestUtil, knownMissingCasDigests);
       return;
     }
 
@@ -643,7 +654,8 @@ public void beforeCommand(CommandEnvironment env) throws AbruptExitException {
               digestUtil,
               logDir,
               remoteOutputChecker,
-              outputService);
+              outputService,
+              knownMissingCasDigests);
       repositoryRemoteExecutorFactoryDelegate.init(
           new RemoteRepositoryRemoteExecutorFactory(
               remoteCache,
@@ -680,7 +692,8 @@ public void beforeCommand(CommandEnvironment env) throws AbruptExitException {
               retryScheduler,
               digestUtil,
               remoteOutputChecker,
-              outputService);
+              outputService,
+              knownMissingCasDigests);
     }
 
     buildEventArtifactUploaderFactoryDelegate.init(
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/common/BUILD b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/common/BUILD
index 6b8390e8a06fec..45a01eca593ab8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/common/BUILD
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/common/BUILD
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ java_library(
     srcs = ["LostInputsEvent.java"],
     deps = [
         "//src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/events",
+        "@remoteapis//:build_bazel_remote_execution_v2_remote_execution_java_proto",
     ],
 )
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/common/LostInputsEvent.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/common/LostInputsEvent.java
index b770ff263c5aed..ded8760998083e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/common/LostInputsEvent.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/common/LostInputsEvent.java
@@ -13,10 +13,21 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 package com.google.devtools.build.lib.remote.common;
 
+import build.bazel.remote.execution.v2.Digest;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.events.ExtendedEventHandler.Postable;
 
 /**
  * An event sent when an input to an action was previously determined to exist remotely, but has
  * since been evicted.
  */
-public class LostInputsEvent implements Postable {}
+public class LostInputsEvent implements Postable {
+  private final Digest missingDigest;
+
+  public LostInputsEvent(Digest missingDigest) {
+    this.missingDigest = missingDigest;
+  }
+
+  public Digest getMissingDigest() {
+    return missingDigest;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionServiceTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionServiceTest.java
index 653e20701c6989..6c7a2bb7b68c2d 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionServiceTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteExecutionServiceTest.java
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.SettableFuture;
@@ -2514,7 +2515,8 @@ private RemoteExecutionService newRemoteExecutionService(RemoteOptions remoteOpt
         tempPathGenerator,
         null,
         remoteOutputChecker,
-        outputService);
+        outputService,
+        Sets.newConcurrentHashSet());
   }
 
   private RunfilesSupplier createRunfilesSupplier(String root, Collection<Artifact> artifacts) {
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnCacheTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnCacheTest.java
index 5f89e194f55f6b..26a1621525d177 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnCacheTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnCacheTest.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionContext;
@@ -258,7 +259,8 @@ private RemoteSpawnCache remoteSpawnCacheWithOptions(RemoteOptions options) {
                 tempPathGenerator,
                 /* captureCorruptedOutputsDir= */ null,
                 DUMMY_REMOTE_OUTPUT_CHECKER,
-                mock(OutputService.class)));
+                mock(OutputService.class),
+                Sets.newConcurrentHashSet()));
     return new RemoteSpawnCache(
         execRoot, options, /* verboseFailures= */ true, service, digestUtil);
   }
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnRunnerTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnRunnerTest.java
index ce9c71a396f5db..e7994fc4803cb8 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnRunnerTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnRunnerTest.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;
 import com.google.common.io.ByteStreams;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningScheduledExecutorService;
@@ -1149,7 +1150,8 @@ private void testParamFilesAreMaterializedForFlag(String flag) throws Exception
             tempPathGenerator,
             /* captureCorruptedOutputsDir= */ null,
             remoteOutputChecker,
-            mock(OutputService.class));
+            mock(OutputService.class),
+            Sets.newConcurrentHashSet());
     RemoteSpawnRunner runner =
         new RemoteSpawnRunner(
             execRoot,
@@ -1685,7 +1687,8 @@ private RemoteSpawnRunner newSpawnRunner(
                 tempPathGenerator,
                 /* captureCorruptedOutputsDir= */ null,
                 remoteOutputChecker,
-                mock(OutputService.class)));
+                mock(OutputService.class),
+                Sets.newConcurrentHashSet()));
 
     return new RemoteSpawnRunner(
         execRoot,
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnRunnerWithGrpcRemoteExecutorTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnRunnerWithGrpcRemoteExecutorTest.java
index 992253f65199a5..13ae1073e68f74 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnRunnerWithGrpcRemoteExecutorTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/remote/RemoteSpawnRunnerWithGrpcRemoteExecutorTest.java
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningScheduledExecutorService;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
@@ -349,7 +350,8 @@ public int maxConcurrency() {
             tempPathGenerator,
             /* captureCorruptedOutputsDir= */ null,
             remoteOutputChecker,
-            mock(OutputService.class));
+            mock(OutputService.class),
+            Sets.newConcurrentHashSet());
     client =
         new RemoteSpawnRunner(
             execRoot,
diff --git a/src/test/shell/bazel/remote/remote_execution_http_test.sh b/src/test/shell/bazel/remote/remote_execution_http_test.sh
index 5b50b3c1bebcd6..a47b478b97bdee 100755
--- a/src/test/shell/bazel/remote/remote_execution_http_test.sh
+++ b/src/test/shell/bazel/remote/remote_execution_http_test.sh
@@ -536,4 +536,47 @@ EOF
   expect_log "WARNING: Credentials are transmitted in plaintext"
 }
 
+function test_remote_http_cache_with_missing_cas_referenced_by_ac() {
+  mkdir -p a
+  cat > a/BUILD <<EOF
+genrule(
+  name = 'bar',
+  outs = ["bar.txt"],
+  cmd = "echo \"bar\" > \$@",
+)
+genrule(
+  name = 'foo',
+  srcs = [":bar"],
+  outs = ["foo.txt"],
+  cmd = "echo \"foo\" > \$@",
+  tags = ["local"],
+)
+EOF
+
+  # Populate the cache
+  bazel build \
+      --remote_cache=http://localhost:${http_port} \
+      //a:foo \
+      || fail "Failed to build //a:foo with remote cache"
+  remote_cas_files="$(count_remote_cas_files)"
+  # bar.txt, stdout and stderr for action 'bar'
+  [[ "$remote_cas_files" == 3 ]] || fail "Expected 3 remote cas entries, not $remote_cas_files"
+
+  # Delete blobs from CAS
+  delete_remote_cas_files
+
+  bazel clean
+  bazel build \
+      --remote_cache=http://localhost:${http_port} \
+      --experimental_remote_cache_eviction_retries=1 \
+      //a:foo \
+      || fail "Failed to build //a:foo with remote cache"
+
+  # Assert that AC is ignored because blobs are missing from CAS, and new output
+  # is uploaded to CAS.
+  expect_not_log 'remote cache hit'
+  remote_cas_files="$(count_remote_cas_files)"
+  [[ "$remote_cas_files" == 3 ]] || fail "Expected 3 remote cas entries, not $remote_cas_files"
+}
+
 run_suite "Remote execution and remote cache tests"
diff --git a/src/test/shell/bazel/remote/remote_utils.sh b/src/test/shell/bazel/remote/remote_utils.sh
index 0facf1b03beab4..b6ade942cc6306 100644
--- a/src/test/shell/bazel/remote/remote_utils.sh
+++ b/src/test/shell/bazel/remote/remote_utils.sh
@@ -105,3 +105,7 @@ function remote_cas_file_exist() {
 function append_remote_cas_files() {
   find "$cas_path/cas" -type f >> $1
 }
+
+function delete_remote_cas_files() {
+  rm -rf "$cas_path/cas"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/tools/remote/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/remote/worker/OnDiskHttpCacheServerHandler.java b/src/tools/remote/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/remote/worker/OnDiskHttpCacheServerHandler.java
index b9a24a0daed1b2..59c6790a471a62 100644
--- a/src/tools/remote/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/remote/worker/OnDiskHttpCacheServerHandler.java
+++ b/src/tools/remote/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/remote/worker/OnDiskHttpCacheServerHandler.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 
@@ -51,6 +52,8 @@ protected byte[] readFromCache(String uri) throws IOException {
         var in = path.getInputStream()) {
       ByteStreams.copy(in, out);
       return out.toByteArray();
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      return null;
     }
   }