diff --git a/lib/lib-dynamodb/package.json b/lib/lib-dynamodb/package.json
index d473f65f552aa..f93979d9633b0 100644
--- a/lib/lib-dynamodb/package.json
+++ b/lib/lib-dynamodb/package.json
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@
     "clean": "rimraf ./dist-* && rimraf *.tsbuildinfo",
     "extract:docs": "api-extractor run --local",
     "test": "yarn g:vitest run",
-    "test:e2e": "yarn g:vitest run -c vitest.config.e2e.ts --mode development",
     "test:watch": "yarn g:vitest watch",
-    "test:e2e:watch": "yarn g:vitest watch -c vitest.config.e2e.ts"
+    "test:e2e": "yarn g:vitest run -c vitest.config.e2e.ts --mode development",
+    "test:e2e:watch": "yarn g:vitest watch -c vitest.config.e2e.ts",
+    "test:integration": "yarn g:vitest run -c vitest.config.integ.ts --mode development",
+    "test:integration:watch": "yarn g:vitest watch -c vitest.config.integ.ts"
   },
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=18.0.0"
diff --git a/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/baseCommand/DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand.spec.ts b/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/baseCommand/DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand.spec.ts
index d097b8eaafb81..4f985885c55b5 100644
--- a/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/baseCommand/DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand.spec.ts
+++ b/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/baseCommand/DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand.spec.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ class AnyCommand extends DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand<{}, {}, {}, {}, {}> {
       addRelativeTo(fn: any, config: any) {
         this.argCaptor.push([fn, config]);
       },
+      add(fn: any, config: any) {},
     },
   } as any;
   protected readonly clientCommandName = "AnyCommand";
diff --git a/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/baseCommand/DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand.ts b/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/baseCommand/DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand.ts
index 8df7ab5cc777a..a5b1544c0e347 100644
--- a/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/baseCommand/DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand.ts
+++ b/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/baseCommand/DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand.ts
@@ -48,8 +48,18 @@ export abstract class DynamoDBDocumentClientCommand<
           args: InitializeHandlerArguments<Input | BaseInput>
         ): Promise<InitializeHandlerOutput<Output | BaseOutput>> => {
           setFeature(context, "DDB_MAPPER", "d");
-          args.input = marshallInput(args.input, this.inputKeyNodes, marshallOptions);
-          return next(args);
+          return next({
+            ...args,
+            /**
+             * We overwrite `args.input` at this middleware, but do not
+             * mutate the args object itself, which is initially the Command instance.
+             *
+             * The reason for this is to prevent mutations to the Command instance's inputs
+             * from being carried over if the Command instance is reused in a new
+             * request.
+             */
+            input: marshallInput(args.input, this.inputKeyNodes, marshallOptions),
+          });
         },
       {
         name: "DocumentMarshall",
diff --git a/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/test/mutability.integ.spec.ts b/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/test/mutability.integ.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..50d6978627d98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib-dynamodb/src/test/mutability.integ.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+import { DynamoDB, ScanCommand } from "@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb";
+import { HeadBucketCommand, HeadBucketCommandInput, S3Client } from "@aws-sdk/client-s3";
+import { DynamoDBDocument, ScanCommand as DocumentScanCommand, ScanCommandInput } from "@aws-sdk/lib-dynamodb";
+import { describe, expect, test as it } from "vitest";
+
+import { requireRequestsFrom } from "../../../../private/aws-util-test/src";
+
+describe("DynamoDBDocument command mutability", () => {
+  it("should allow sending the same command more than once without mutating the Command instance", async () => {
+    const ddb = new DynamoDB({
+      region: "us-west-2",
+    });
+
+    const doc = DynamoDBDocument.from(ddb);
+
+    doc.middlewareStack.add(
+      (next) => async (args) => {
+        (args.input as any).TableName = "modified-by-middleware";
+        return next(args);
+      },
+      {
+        name: "input-modifying-custom-middleware",
+      }
+    );
+
+    let requestCount = 0;
+
+    requireRequestsFrom(doc).toMatch({
+      hostname: /dynamodb/,
+      body(json: string) {
+        const requestBody = JSON.parse(json);
+        if (requestCount === 0) {
+          expect(requestBody).toEqual({
+            ExpressionAttributeValues: { ":id": { S: "1" } },
+            FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+            TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+          });
+        } else if (requestCount === 1) {
+          expect(requestBody).toEqual({
+            ExpressionAttributeValues: { ":id": { S: "1" } },
+            FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+            TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+            ExclusiveStartKey: {
+              id: {
+                S: "abc",
+              },
+            },
+          });
+        } else if (requestCount === 2) {
+          expect(requestBody).toEqual({
+            ExpressionAttributeValues: { ":id": { S: "1" } },
+            FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+            TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+            ExclusiveStartKey: {
+              id: { S: "def" },
+            },
+          });
+        } else if (requestCount === 3) {
+          expect(requestBody).toEqual({
+            ExpressionAttributeValues: { ":id": { S: "1" } },
+            FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+            TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+            ExclusiveStartKey: {
+              id: { S: "ghi" },
+            },
+          });
+        }
+        requestCount += 1;
+      },
+    });
+
+    const params: ScanCommandInput = {
+      TableName: "test",
+      FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+      ExpressionAttributeValues: {
+        ":id": "1",
+      },
+    };
+
+    const command = new DocumentScanCommand(params);
+
+    await doc.send(command);
+    params.ExclusiveStartKey = { id: "abc" };
+    await doc.send(command);
+    params.ExclusiveStartKey = { id: "def" };
+    await doc.send(command);
+    params.ExclusiveStartKey = { id: "ghi" };
+    await doc.send(command);
+
+    // params should remain what it was set to by the caller,
+    // disregarding mutations applied by the AttributeValue marshaller.
+    expect(params).toEqual({
+      TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+      FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+      ExpressionAttributeValues: {
+        ":id": "1",
+      },
+      ExclusiveStartKey: {
+        id: "ghi",
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect.assertions(9);
+  });
+
+  it("the base dynamodb client can also use Command instances repeatedly", async () => {
+    const ddb = new DynamoDB({
+      region: "us-west-2",
+    });
+
+    ddb.middlewareStack.add(
+      (next) => async (args) => {
+        (args.input as any).TableName = "modified-by-middleware";
+        return next(args);
+      },
+      {
+        name: "input-modifying-custom-middleware",
+      }
+    );
+
+    let requestCount = 0;
+
+    requireRequestsFrom(ddb).toMatch({
+      hostname: /dynamodb/,
+      body(json: string) {
+        const requestBody = JSON.parse(json);
+        if (requestCount === 0) {
+          expect(requestBody).toEqual({
+            ExpressionAttributeValues: { ":id": { S: "1" } },
+            FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+            TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+          });
+        } else if (requestCount === 1) {
+          expect(requestBody).toEqual({
+            ExpressionAttributeValues: { ":id": { S: "1" } },
+            FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+            TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+            ExclusiveStartKey: {
+              id: {
+                S: "abc",
+              },
+            },
+          });
+        } else if (requestCount === 2) {
+          expect(requestBody).toEqual({
+            ExpressionAttributeValues: { ":id": { S: "1" } },
+            FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+            TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+            ExclusiveStartKey: {
+              id: { S: "def" },
+            },
+          });
+        } else if (requestCount === 3) {
+          expect(requestBody).toEqual({
+            ExpressionAttributeValues: { ":id": { S: "1" } },
+            FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+            TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+            ExclusiveStartKey: {
+              id: { S: "ghi" },
+            },
+          });
+        }
+        requestCount += 1;
+      },
+    });
+
+    const params: ScanCommandInput = {
+      TableName: "test",
+      FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+      ExpressionAttributeValues: {
+        ":id": { S: "1" },
+      },
+    };
+
+    const command = new ScanCommand(params);
+
+    await ddb.send(command);
+    params.ExclusiveStartKey = { id: { S: "abc" } };
+    await ddb.send(command);
+    params.ExclusiveStartKey = { id: { S: "def" } };
+    await ddb.send(command);
+    params.ExclusiveStartKey = { id: { S: "ghi" } };
+    await ddb.send(command);
+
+    // for regular clients, middleware modifications to the
+    // args.input object also persist beyond the request.
+    expect(params).toEqual({
+      TableName: "modified-by-middleware",
+      FilterExpression: "id = :id",
+      ExpressionAttributeValues: {
+        ":id": { S: "1" },
+      },
+      ExclusiveStartKey: {
+        id: {
+          S: "ghi",
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    expect.assertions(9);
+  });
+
+  it("other clients can also use Command instances repeatedly", async () => {
+    const s3 = new S3Client({
+      region: "us-west-2",
+    });
+
+    s3.middlewareStack.add(
+      (next) => async (args) => {
+        (args.input as any).ExpectedBucketOwner = "me";
+        return next(args);
+      },
+      {
+        name: "input-modifying-custom-middleware",
+      }
+    );
+
+    let requestCount = 0;
+
+    requireRequestsFrom(s3).toMatch({
+      headers: {
+        "x-amz-expected-bucket-owner": /^me$/,
+      },
+      hostname: (h: string) => {
+        if (requestCount === 0) {
+          expect(h).toEqual(`bucket1.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com`);
+        } else if (requestCount === 1) {
+          expect(h).toEqual(`bucket2.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com`);
+        } else if (requestCount === 2) {
+          expect(h).toEqual(`bucket3.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com`);
+        } else if (requestCount === 3) {
+          expect(h).toEqual(`bucket4.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com`);
+        }
+        requestCount += 1;
+      },
+    });
+
+    const params: HeadBucketCommandInput = {
+      Bucket: "bucket1",
+    };
+
+    const command = new HeadBucketCommand(params);
+
+    await s3.send(command);
+    params.Bucket = "bucket2";
+    await s3.send(command);
+    params.Bucket = `bucket3`;
+    await s3.send(command);
+    params.Bucket = `bucket4`;
+    await s3.send(command);
+
+    expect(params).toEqual({
+      Bucket: "bucket4",
+      ExpectedBucketOwner: "me",
+    });
+
+    expect.assertions(9);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/lib/lib-dynamodb/vitest.config.integ.ts b/lib/lib-dynamodb/vitest.config.integ.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..57ed6111bdf06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib-dynamodb/vitest.config.integ.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { defineConfig } from "vitest/config";
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  test: {
+    exclude: ["**/*.{e2e,browser}.spec.ts"],
+    include: ["**/*.integ.spec.ts"],
+    environment: "node",
+  },
+});