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npm

node modules can be published in a public registry known as the npm (node package manager) registry located at (https://npmjs.org). users can then use the npm command line interface (cli) included with node.js (https://npmjs.org/doc/) to install modules. npm will install all dependent modules as well.

package.json

package.json plays a special role with npm in that it also contains dependent modules.

{ 
  "name" : "foo",
  "dependencies" :
  { "foo" : "1.0.0 - 2.9999.9999"
  , "bar" : ">=1.0.2 <2.1.2"
  , "baz" : ">1.0.2 <=2.3.4"
  , "boo" : "2.0.1"
  , "qux" : "<1.0.0 || >=2.3.1 <2.4.5 || >=2.5.2 <3.0.0"
  , "asd" : "http://asdf.com/asdf.tar.gz"
  , "til" : "~1.2"
  , "elf" : "~1.2.3"
  , "two" : "2.x"
  , "thr" : "3.3.x"
  }
}
  • Notice that dependencies can specify matching criteria based on semver.
  • Dependencies can also point directly to a tarball.

dev dependencies

package.json can contain dependencies that are only used by developers that are actually developing the module itself.

{
  "name": "foo",
  "dependencies": 
  {
    "foo: "*"
  },
  "devDependenceis":
  {
    "bar": "*"
  }
}
  • dev dependencies are only installed if the --development switch is passed to npm install or if it is globally configured.

npm install

installs one or more modules.

one or more module names can be passed at the command line i.e.

npm install express socket.io

if no module names are passed, npm will look for package.json to install modules specified in the dependencies.

common parameters

  • --save, -s: update the package.json with any modules that were installed
  • --global, -g: install a module globally.
  • --production: install only dependencies.
  • --development: install dependencies and dev dependencies.

global modules

node modules can be global. global modules are command line tools OR modules those tools depend on.

  • On *nix global modules are installed in /usr/local.
  • On windows module are stored under AppData.
  • Global modules are never resolved by applications or modules that are not global themselves.
npm install -g express

npm uninstall

uninstalls a module

npm ls

lists all modules that were installed for the app.

npm view

displays details for a module in the main npm registry.

npm view winston

npm search

npm cache

npm maintains a cache of all module that are installed

  • add: add a module to the cache
  • clean: remove either the specific module or all modules
  • ls: list the modules in the cache.