Fix precision loss in large integral string conversions #8626

Job	Run time
integration-test-adls	1m 32s
lint-and-unit-test (3.13)	3m 31s
integration-test-gcs	1m 22s
lint-and-unit-test (3.12)	3m 17s
integration-test	11m 37s
cibw-dev-env-smoke-test	47s
integration-test-s3	1m 26s
lint-and-unit-test (3.14)	6m 3s
lint-and-unit-test (3.11)	3m 35s
lint-and-unit-test (3.10)	3m 31s
integration-coverage-report	32s
	37m 13s

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