[FLUSS-2091][common] Introduced Cycle Detection During Exception Suppression

[rionmonster]

Purpose

Linked issue: close #2091

Per Issue #2091, this pull request attempts to address an issue that could result in a StackOverflowError stemming from a cycle of cascading exceptions that originally stem from Flink's SerializedThrowable handler. This fix has already been made within Flink in this commit which should prevent the behavior (see discussion here for more context).

Brief change log

This change introduces a new private functions within the ExceptionUtils class to support exception chain evaluation for suppression and cause chains (existsInExceptionChain). This function is applied during the firstOrSuppressed function call, which introduces a new exception to the existing chain, and traverses both the suppression and cause chains using a graph to evaluate for existence.

Tests

The ExceptionTestUtils.testFirstOrSuppressedCyclePrevention was initially updated to use an arbitrary recursive exception call to mimic Flink's existing SerializedThrowable to reproduce the original issue (triggering a StackOverflowError). This test was later updated after the fix was applied to ensure that these previous exceptions no longer result in a cycle being created.

API and Format

N/A

Documentation

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