diff --git a/ci/vcpkg/amd64-osx-static-debug.cmake b/ci/vcpkg/amd64-osx-static-debug.cmake
index e8a321ec71af5..2e181d68f5181 100644
--- a/ci/vcpkg/amd64-osx-static-debug.cmake
+++ b/ci/vcpkg/amd64-osx-static-debug.cmake
@@ -22,4 +22,7 @@ set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE static)
 set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Darwin)
 set(VCPKG_OSX_ARCHITECTURES x86_64)
 
+set(CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT $ENV{MACOSX_SYSROOT})
+set(CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET $ENV{MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET})
+
 set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE debug)
diff --git a/ci/vcpkg/amd64-osx-static-release.cmake b/ci/vcpkg/amd64-osx-static-release.cmake
index 956d5b92e7312..c5b8d0a299e2e 100644
--- a/ci/vcpkg/amd64-osx-static-release.cmake
+++ b/ci/vcpkg/amd64-osx-static-release.cmake
@@ -22,4 +22,9 @@ set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE static)
 set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Darwin)
 set(VCPKG_OSX_ARCHITECTURES x86_64)
 
+message(STATUS "MACOSX_SYSROOT: $ENV{MACOSX_SYSROOT}")
+message(STATUS "MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: $ENV{MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET}")
+set(CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT $ENV{MACOSX_SYSROOT})
+set(CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET $ENV{MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET})
+
 set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE release)
diff --git a/ci/vcpkg/arm64-osx-static-debug.cmake b/ci/vcpkg/arm64-osx-static-debug.cmake
index 32ae7bc433489..e8ab5c8fb4dd5 100644
--- a/ci/vcpkg/arm64-osx-static-debug.cmake
+++ b/ci/vcpkg/arm64-osx-static-debug.cmake
@@ -23,4 +23,7 @@ set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Darwin)
 set(VCPKG_OSX_ARCHITECTURES arm64)
 set(VCPKG_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET "12.0")
 
+set(CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT $ENV{MACOSX_SYSROOT})
+set(CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET $ENV{MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET})
+
 set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE debug)
diff --git a/ci/vcpkg/arm64-osx-static-release.cmake b/ci/vcpkg/arm64-osx-static-release.cmake
index dde46cd763afe..5fdf86a2a918e 100644
--- a/ci/vcpkg/arm64-osx-static-release.cmake
+++ b/ci/vcpkg/arm64-osx-static-release.cmake
@@ -23,4 +23,7 @@ set(VCPKG_CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Darwin)
 set(VCPKG_OSX_ARCHITECTURES arm64)
 set(VCPKG_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET "12.0")
 
+set(CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT $ENV{MACOSX_SYSROOT})
+set(CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET $ENV{MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET})
+
 set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE release)
diff --git a/ci/vcpkg/ports.patch b/ci/vcpkg/ports.patch
index 39b51874b1c0e..f9546afc6aee1 100644
--- a/ci/vcpkg/ports.patch
+++ b/ci/vcpkg/ports.patch
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+diff --git a/ports/bzip2/CMakeLists.txt b/ports/bzip2/CMakeLists.txt
+index d0f200a0a6..129b64db00 100644
+--- a/ports/bzip2/CMakeLists.txt
++++ b/ports/bzip2/CMakeLists.txt
+@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
+-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
++cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+ project(bzip2 C)
+ 
+ if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL Debug)
 diff --git a/ports/curl/portfile.cmake b/ports/curl/portfile.cmake
 index 7cab6f726..697ab1bb4 100644
 --- a/ports/curl/portfile.cmake
@@ -15,6 +25,30 @@ index 7cab6f726..697ab1bb4 100644
  )
  vcpkg_cmake_install()
  vcpkg_copy_pdbs()
+ diff --git a/ports/gflags/0001-patch-dir.patch b/ports/gflags/0001-patch-dir.patch
+index d3aaa00fbe..2a460c64ac 100644
+--- a/ports/gflags/0001-patch-dir.patch
++++ b/ports/gflags/0001-patch-dir.patch
+@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
+ diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
+-index 3709073..8e919cb 100644
++index 657a1f4..842abea 100644
+ --- a/CMakeLists.txt
+ +++ b/CMakeLists.txt
+-@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ endif ()
++@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
++ ## - GFLAGS_INSTALL_SHARED_LIBS
++ ## - GFLAGS_INSTALL_STATIC_LIBS
++ 
++-cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0.2 FATAL_ERROR)
+++cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)
++ 
++ if (POLICY CMP0042)
++   cmake_policy (SET CMP0042 NEW)
++@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ endif ()
+  # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # installation rules
+  set (EXPORT_NAME ${PACKAGE_NAME}-targets)
 diff --git a/ports/llvm/portfile.cmake b/ports/llvm/portfile.cmake
 index a79c72a59..6b7fa6a66 100644
 --- a/ports/llvm/portfile.cmake
@@ -28,6 +62,16 @@ index a79c72a59..6b7fa6a66 100644
  )
  
  vcpkg_cmake_install(ADD_BIN_TO_PATH)
+diff --git a/ports/lz4/CMakeLists.txt b/ports/lz4/CMakeLists.txt
+index a35c8b2d1a..450ac4d127 100644
+--- a/ports/lz4/CMakeLists.txt
++++ b/ports/lz4/CMakeLists.txt
+@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
+-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
++cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+ project(lz4 C)
+ 
+ if(MSVC AND BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
 diff --git a/ports/snappy/portfile.cmake b/ports/snappy/portfile.cmake
 index 0312b2ae1..fdb576b5f 100644
 --- a/ports/snappy/portfile.cmake
diff --git a/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.osx.yml b/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.osx.yml
index f6f4cc2c96ae3..3b951bf53a33f 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.osx.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.osx.yml
@@ -66,11 +66,22 @@ jobs:
           arrow/ci/scripts/install_cmake.sh 3.29.0 ${PWD}/local
           echo "${PWD}/local/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
 
+      - name: Check CMake version
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo $(cmake --version)
+          echo $(${PWD}/local/bin/cmake --version)
+
       - name: Retrieve VCPKG version from arrow/.env
         run: |
           vcpkg_version=$(. "arrow/.env" && echo "${VCPKG}")
           echo "VCPKG_VERSION=$vcpkg_version" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
+      - name: Set macOS SDK path
+        run: |
+          echo "MACOSX_SYSROOT=$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
       - name: Install Vcpkg
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: {{ '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}' }}
@@ -81,6 +92,8 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install Packages
         run: |
+          echo "${MACOSX_SYSROOT}"
+          echo "${CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT}"
           vcpkg install \
             --clean-after-build \
             --x-install-root=${VCPKG_ROOT}/installed \