[Release][Python] Verification jobs failing after dropping Python 3.10 support

[raulcd]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Some of our verification jobs have started failing because we use Ubuntu 22.04 and we have dropped support for Python 3.10.

The failures are not all the same but all are related to Python version issues after dropping Py3.10:

• verify-rc-source-cpp-linux-conda-latest-amd64
• verify-rc-source-integration-linux-conda-latest-amd64
• verify-rc-source-integration-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
• verify-rc-source-python-linux-conda-latest-amd64
• verify-rc-source-python-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
• verify-rc-source-ruby-linux-conda-latest-amd64

Component(s)

Python, Release

[raulcd]

PR dropping Python 3.10 here:

• GH-50410: [Python][Packaging] Drop Python 3.10 support #50411