Ver documentación oficial Docker
Instalar paso a paso Docker CE Ubuntu
Agregar el deb de docker a nuestro listado de software
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D
sudo echo "deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
sudo apt-get update
Instalar docker engine
sudo apt-cache policy docker-engine
sudo apt-get install linux-image-extra-$(uname -r) linux-image-extra-virtual
sudo apt-get install docker-engine
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.9.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
Dar permisos a usuarios
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
Iniciar el servicio de docker
sudo service docker start {start|stop|restart|status}
Configure Docker to start on boot
sudo systemctl enable docker