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kubernetes

Table of content

🚀 Install Kubernetes cluster using Kubeadm and Cilium CNI (Debian based)

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/

Disable swap

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/#swap-configuration

sudo swapoff -a
sudo rm /swap.img
sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

Install container runtime (containerd)

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/

Prerequisites - Enable IPv4 packet forwarding

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/#prerequisite-ipv4-forwarding-optional

# sysctl params required by setup, params persist across reboots
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

# Apply sysctl params without reboot
sudo sysctl --system

Install containerd

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/#install-using-the-repository

# Add Docker's official GPG key:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update

# Install containerd
sudo apt install -y containerd.io
sudo apt-mark hold containerd.io

https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/main/docs/getting-started.md#customizing-containerd

sudo containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

Configure containerd (use systemd cgroup driver)

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/#containerd-systemd

In /etc/containerd/config.toml:

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
  ...
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
    SystemdCgroup = true
sudo systemctl restart containerd

Install kubeadm, kubelet and kubectl

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/#installing-kubeadm-kubelet-and-kubectl

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gpg

# Download the public signing key for the Kubernetes package repositories
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.31/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

# Add the Kubernetes apt repository
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.31/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm kubelet kubectl

Create the cluster with Kubeadm

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/

sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Enable pods scheduling on the control plane nodes (optional)

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/#control-plane-node-isolation

kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane-

Install Cilium CNI

https://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/gettingstarted/k8s-install-default/

Install Cilium CLI

https://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/gettingstarted/k8s-install-default/#install-the-cilium-cli

CILIUM_CLI_VERSION=$(curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/cilium-cli/main/stable.txt)
CLI_ARCH=amd64
if [ "$(uname -m)" = "aarch64" ]; then CLI_ARCH=arm64; fi
curl -L --fail --remote-name-all https://github.com/cilium/cilium-cli/releases/download/${CILIUM_CLI_VERSION}/cilium-linux-${CLI_ARCH}.tar.gz{,.sha256sum}
sha256sum --check cilium-linux-${CLI_ARCH}.tar.gz.sha256sum
sudo tar xzvfC cilium-linux-${CLI_ARCH}.tar.gz /usr/local/bin
rm cilium-linux-${CLI_ARCH}.tar.gz{,.sha256sum}

Install Cilium

https://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/gettingstarted/k8s-install-default/#install-cilium

cilium install

Validate Cilium installation

https://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/gettingstarted/k8s-install-default/#validate-the-installation

cilium status --wait
kubectl get nodes

⬆️ Upgrade Kubernetes cluster installed using Kubeadm and Cilium CNI

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/

Determine which version to upgrade to

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/#determine-which-version-to-upgrade-to

sudo apt update
sudo apt-cache madison kubeadm

Upgrade Kubeadm

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/#call-kubeadm-upgrade

sudo apt-mark unhold kubeadm && \
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y kubeadm='1.31.x-*' && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm

Verify the upgrade plan

sudo kubeadm upgrade plan

Choose a version to upgrade to

sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.31.x

Upgrade Cilium CNI

See https://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/operations/upgrade/

Upgrade the node

Drain the node

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/#drain-the-node

kubectl drain <node-to-drain> --ignore-daemonsets

Upgrade kubelet and kubectl

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/#upgrade-kubelet-and-kubectl

sudo apt-mark unhold kubelet kubectl && \
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y kubelet=1.31.x-00 kubectl=1.31.x-00 && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubectl

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart kubelet

Upgrade container runtime (containerd)

sudo apt-mark unhold containerd.io && \
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y containerd.io && \
sudo apt-mark hold containerd.io

sudo systemctl restart containerd.io

Uncordon the node

https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade/#uncordon-the-node

kubectl uncordon <node-to-uncordon>

Verify the status of the cluster

kubectl get nodes

🧹 Uninstall Kubernetes cluster installed using Kubeadm

Reset Kubeadm

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/#remove-the-node

kubectl drain <node name> --delete-emptydir-data --force --ignore-daemonsets
sudo kubeadm reset

Reset iptables rules

sudo iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t nat -F
sudo iptables -t mangle -F
sudo iptables -F
sudo iptables -X

sudo ip6tables -P INPUT ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
sudo ip6tables -t nat -F
sudo ip6tables -t mangle -F
sudo ip6tables -F
sudo ip6tables -X

Remove the node

kubectl delete node <node name>

Remove Kubernetes configuration

rm -rf ~/.kube/*

Remove CNI configuration

sudo rm -rf /etc/cni/net.d

Clear containerd containers and images

sudo ctr -n k8s.io c rm $(sudo ctr -n k8s.io c ls -q)
sudo ctr -n k8s.io i rm $(sudo ctr -n k8s.io i ls -q)