This is a library to convert ABNF (Augmented Backus-Naur Form) to Regexp (Regular Expression) written in Ruby. It parses a description according to ABNF defined by RFC2234 and some variants. Then the parsed grammar is transformed to recursion free. Although the transformation is impossible in general, the library transform left- and right-recursion. The recursion free grammar can be printed as Regexp literal which is suitable in Ruby script. The literal is pretty readable because parentheses are minimized and properly indented by the Wadler's pretty printing algebra. It is also possible to use the Regexp just in place.
I (@steveklabnik) have gem-ified the code originally located at https://github.com/akr/abnf.
Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
gem 'abnf'
And then execute:
$ bundle
Or install it yourself as:
$ gem install abnf
Following example shows URI-reference defined by RFC 2396 can be converted to Regexp. Note that URI-reference has no recursion. Also note that the example works well without installing the library after make.
require 'pp'
require 'abnf'
# URI-reference [RFC2396]
uri_ref = <<-End
URI-reference = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ]
absoluteURI = scheme ":" ( hier_part | opaque_part )
relativeURI = ( net_path | abs_path | rel_path ) [ "?" query ]
(...snip...)
lowalpha = "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f" | "g" | "h" | "i" |
"j" | "k" | "l" | "m" | "n" | "o" | "p" | "q" | "r" |
"s" | "t" | "u" | "v" | "w" | "x" | "y" | "z"
upalpha = "A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F" | "G" | "H" | "I" |
"J" | "K" | "L" | "M" | "N" | "O" | "P" | "Q" | "R" |
"S" | "T" | "U" | "V" | "W" | "X" | "Y" | "Z"
digit = "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" |
"8" | "9"
End
pp ABNF.regexp_tree(uri_ref)The result is follows:
%r{(?:[a-z][\x2b\x2d\x2e0-9a-z]*:
(?:(?://
(?:(?:(?:(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:;=])*@)?
(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-z]|[0-9a-z][\x2d0-9a-z]*[0-9a-z])\x2e)*
(?:[a-z]|[a-z][\x2d0-9a-z]*[0-9a-z])\x2e?|
\d+\x2e\d+\x2e\d+\x2e\d+)(?::\d*)?)?|
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:;=@])+)
(?:/
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*
(?:/
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*)*)?|
/(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*
(?:/
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*)*)
(?:\x3f(?:[!\x24&-;=\x3f@_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f])*)?|
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:;=\x3f@])
(?:[!\x24&-;=\x3f@_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f])*)|
(?://
(?:(?:(?:(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:;=])*@)?
(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-z]|[0-9a-z][\x2d0-9a-z]*[0-9a-z])\x2e)*
(?:[a-z]|[a-z][\x2d0-9a-z]*[0-9a-z])\x2e?|
\d+\x2e\d+\x2e\d+\x2e\d+)(?::\d*)?)?|
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:;=@])+)
(?:/(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*
(?:/
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*)*)?|
/(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*
(?:/(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*)*|
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,;=@])+
(?:/(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*
(?:/
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*
(?:;
(?:[!'-\x2a\x2d\x2e0-9_a-z~]|
%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|
[\x24&\x2b,:=@])*)*)*)?)
(?:\x3f(?:[!\x24&-;=\x3f@_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f])*)?)?
(?:\x23(?:[!\x24&-;=\x3f@_a-z~]|%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f])*)?}xiFollowing example contains right-recursion:
decimal = <<-End
s0 = n0 s0 / n1 s2 / n2 s1 / ""
s1 = n0 s1 / n1 s0 / n2 s2
s2 = n0 s2 / n1 s1 / n2 s0
n0 = "0" / "3" / "6" / "9"
n1 = "1" / "4" / "7"
n2 = "2" / "5" / "8"
End
pp ABNF.regexp_tree(decimal)The above ABNF description represents decimal numbers which are multiples of 3 and the result is follows:
%r{(?:[0369]|
[147](?:[0369]|[147][0369]*[258])*(?:[147][0369]*[147]|[258])|
[258][0369]*
(?:[147]|
[258](?:[0369]|[147][0369]*[258])*(?:[147][0369]*[147]|[258])))*}xiA converted regexp can be used to match in place as:
ipv6 = <<-End
IPv6address = "::" /
7( hex4 ":" ) hex4 /
1*8( hex4 ":" ) ":" /
7( hex4 ":" ) ( ":" hex4 ) /
6( hex4 ":" ) 1*2( ":" hex4 ) /
5( hex4 ":" ) 1*3( ":" hex4 ) /
4( hex4 ":" ) 1*4( ":" hex4 ) /
3( hex4 ":" ) 1*5( ":" hex4 ) /
2( hex4 ":" ) 1*6( ":" hex4 ) /
( hex4 ":" ) 1*7( ":" hex4 ) /
":" 1*8( ":" hex4 ) /
6( hex4 ":" ) IPv4address /
6( hex4 ":" ) ":" IPv4address /
5( hex4 ":" ) ":" 0*1( hex4 ":" ) IPv4address /
4( hex4 ":" ) ":" 0*2( hex4 ":" ) IPv4address /
3( hex4 ":" ) ":" 0*3( hex4 ":" ) IPv4address /
2( hex4 ":" ) ":" 0*4( hex4 ":" ) IPv4address /
( hex4 ":" ) ":" 0*5( hex4 ":" ) IPv4address /
"::" 0*6( hex4 ":" ) IPv4address
IPv4address = 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT
hex4 = 1*4HEXDIG
End
p /\A#{ABNF.regexp(ipv6)}\z/o =~ "::13.1.68.3"- Fork it
- Create your feature branch (
git checkout -b my-new-feature) - Commit your changes (
git commit -am 'Add some feature') - Push to the branch (
git push origin my-new-feature) - Create new Pull Request