电脑/python/图像处理/opencv模块.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<!-- 2016-07-30 六 23:05 -->
<meta  charset="utf-8">
<meta  name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>opencv模块</title>
<meta  name="generator" content="Org-mode">
<meta  name="author" content="万泽">
<meta  name="description" content="制作者邮箱：a358003542@gmail.com"
>
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<header>
<h1 class="title">opencv模块</h1>
</header><nav id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline3">1. 安装和简介</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline1">1.1. 预安装</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline2">1.2. 下载源码和安装</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline4">2. 入门</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline5">3. 参考资料</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline3">安装和简介</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
对于图像处理的一般处理需求，应该优先考虑用pillow模块。opencv模块进入之后就要考虑将图像理解为像素点矩阵，然后进行各种算法和数学运算了。要真正做到深入和灵活运用opencv模块，相关图像处理领域的很多理论知识是必须具备的了。这对于某些python用户可能过了些了。
</p>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline1">预安装</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<p>
官网教程也提到了需要预安装的一些软件包：
</p>

<pre>
[compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential
[required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev 
    libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
[optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev 
    libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev
</pre>

<p>
不过官网说这只在Ubuntu 10.04 中测试过，你还可以参考<a href="http://rodrigoberriel.com/2014/10/installing-opencv-3-0-0-on-ubuntu-14-04/">这篇文章</a> ，其是在Ubuntu 14.04 下做的测试：
</p>
<pre>
sudo apt-get -y install libopencv-dev build-essential cmake git 
    libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config python-dev python-numpy libdc1394-22 
    libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff4-dev libjasper-dev
    libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine-dev
    libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev 
    libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev 
    libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 
    v4l-utils unzip
</pre>
</div>
</div>


<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline2">下载源码和安装</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
<p>
opencv的github源码地址在 <a href="https://github.com/Itseez/opencv">这里</a> ，推荐下载稍微前面点的版本会稳定，因为opencv还在活跃开发中。
</p>

<p>
在切换到opencv文件之后，新建了一个build文件夹，然后调用cmake命令，我们可以看到cmake最后对应的文件夹 “..“ 正是要去找寻那个文件：CMakeLists.txt。
</p>
<pre>
cd opencv
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local 
    -D BUILD_NEW_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON  -D WITH_IPP=OFF  -D WITH_OPENGL=ON ..
</pre>

<p>
不过这里cmake参数挺复杂的，其中
</p>
<pre>
-D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
</pre>
<p>
都会这么写，然后
</p>
<pre>
-D BUILD_NEW_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON
</pre>
<p>
很重要，也就是安装了对应的python模块。
</p>

<p>
然后我在安装的时候出现了一个错误，参考 <a href="http://answers.opencv.org/question/37115/opencv-249-make-error/">这个网页</a> 加上如下参数即可解决：
</p>
<pre>
-D WITH_IPP=OFF
</pre>

<p>
然后rodrigoberriel<sup><a id="fnr.1" class="footref" href="#fn.1">1</a></sup> 提及如果如果要使用Qt5，则不能加上 <code>-D WITH_QT=ON</code> ，请参看 <a href="http://rodrigoberriel.com/2014/11/using-opencv-3-qt-creator-3-2-qt-5-3/">这篇文章</a> 。其他还有一些参数选项我暂时也不清楚有什么用，应该都和其他额外的功能有关，暂时都可加可不加吧。
</p>

<p>
然后常规的运行make 和 make install 来进行安装了，下面的 <code>$(nproc)</code> 对应的你机器的cpu数目。
</p>
<pre>
make -j $(nproc)
sudo make install
</pre>

<p>
和官网不同，rodrigoberriel还提出需要加上如下命令来完成安装：
</p>
<pre>
sudo /bin/bash -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'
sudo ldconfig
</pre>


<p>
安装完了你可以简单来查看一下：
</p>
<pre>
&gt;&gt;&gt; import cv2
&gt;&gt;&gt; cv2.__version__
'3.0.0-beta'
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline4">入门</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
裁剪
</p>
<pre>
import cv2
img = cv2.imread("test.jpg")
crop_img = img[200:400, 100:300] # Crop from x, y, w, h -&gt; 100, 200, 300, 400
# NOTE: its img[y: y + h, x: x + w] and *not* img[x: x + w, y: y + h]
cv2.imshow("cropped", crop_img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
</pre>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline5">参考资料</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<ol class="org-ol">
<li>OpenCV Computer Vision with Python , Author: Joseph Howse, First published: April 2013</li>
<li>OpenCV-Python 中文教程 , 段立辉译</li>
<li>Programming Computer Vision with Python, Author:Jan Erik Solem , First Edition: June 2012</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnotes">
<h2 class="footnotes">Footnotes: </h2>
<div id="text-footnotes">

<div class="footdef"><sup><a id="fn.1" class="footnum" href="#fnr.1">1</a></sup> <div class="footpara"><a href="http://rodrigoberriel.com/2014/10/installing-opencv-3-0-0-on-ubuntu-14-04/">rodrigoberriel.com</a></div></div>


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