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NEWS for Ruby 3.4.0

This document is a list of user-visible feature changes since the 3.3.0 release, except for bug fixes.

Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.

Language changes

  • String literals in files without a frozen_string_literal comment now emit a deprecation warning when they are mutated. These warnings can be enabled with -W:deprecated or by setting Warning[:deprecated] = true. To disable this change, you can run Ruby with the --disable-frozen-string-literal command line argument. [Feature #20205]

  • it is added to reference a block parameter. [Feature #18980]

  • Keyword splatting nil when calling methods is now supported. **nil is treated similarly to **{}, passing no keywords, and not calling any conversion methods. [Bug #20064]

  • Block passing is no longer allowed in index assignment (e.g. a[0, &b] = 1). [Bug #19918]

  • Keyword arguments are no longer allowed in index assignment (e.g. a[0, kw: 1] = 2). [Bug #20218]

  • GC.config added to allow setting configuration variables on the Garbage Collector. [Feature #20443]

  • GC configuration parameter rgengc_allow_full_mark introduced. When false GC will only mark young objects. Default is true. [Feature #20443]

Core classes updates

Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.

  • Exception

    • Exception#set_backtrace now accepts arrays of Thread::Backtrace::Location. Kernel#raise, Thread#raise and Fiber#raise also accept this new format. [Feature #13557]

  • Range

    • Range#size now raises TypeError if the range is not iterable. [Misc #18984]

    • Range#step now consistently has a semantics of iterating by using + operator for all types, not only numerics. [Feature #18368]

      (Time.utc(2022, 2, 24)..).step(24*60*60).take(3)
#=> [2022-02-24 00:00:00 UTC, 2022-02-25 00:00:00 UTC, 2022-02-26 00:00:00 UTC]

  • RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree

    • Add RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Node#locations method which returns location objects associated with the AST node. [Feature #20624]
    • Add RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree::Location class which holds location information. [Feature #20624]

Stdlib updates

  • Tempfile

    • The keyword argument anonymous: true is implemented for Tempfile.create. Tempfile.create(anonymous: true) removes the created temporary file immediately. So applications don't need to remove the file. [Feature #20497]

  • win32/sspi.rb

The following default gem is added.

  • win32-registry 0.1.0

The following default gems are updated.

  • RubyGems 3.6.0.dev
  • benchmark 0.4.0
  • bundler 2.6.0.dev
  • date 3.4.0
  • delegate 0.4.0
  • erb 4.0.4
  • etc 1.4.4
  • fcntl 1.2.0
  • fiddle 1.1.6.dev
  • fileutils 1.7.3
  • io-console 0.8.0.beta1
  • ipaddr 1.2.7
  • irb 1.14.1
  • json 2.8.1
  • logger 1.6.1
  • net-http 0.5.0
  • open-uri 0.5.0
  • optparse 0.6.0
  • ostruct 0.6.1
  • pathname 0.4.0
  • pp 0.6.0
  • prism 1.0.0
  • pstore 0.1.4
  • psych 5.2.0
  • rdoc 6.7.0
  • reline 0.5.11
  • resolv 0.5.0
  • securerandom 0.3.2
  • shellwords 0.2.1
  • singleton 0.3.0
  • stringio 3.1.2.dev
  • strscan 3.1.1.dev
  • syntax_suggest 2.0.1
  • tempfile 0.3.0
  • time 0.4.1
  • timeout 0.4.2
  • tmpdir 0.3.0
  • uri 1.0.1
  • win32ole 1.9.0
  • yaml 0.4.0
  • zlib 3.2.0

The following bundled gem is added.

  • repl_type_completor 0.1.7

The following bundled gems are updated.

  • minitest 5.25.1
  • power_assert 2.0.4
  • rake 13.2.1
  • test-unit 3.6.2
  • rexml 3.3.9
  • rss 0.3.1
  • net-ftp 0.3.8
  • net-imap 0.5.1
  • net-smtp 0.5.0
  • rbs 3.6.1
  • typeprof 0.21.11
  • debug 1.9.2
  • racc 1.8.1

The following bundled gems are promoted from default gems.

  • mutex_m 0.2.0
  • getoptlong 0.2.1
  • base64 0.2.0
  • bigdecimal 3.1.8
  • observer 0.1.2
  • abbrev 0.1.2
  • resolv-replace 0.1.1
  • rinda 0.2.0
  • drb 2.2.1
  • nkf 0.2.0
  • syslog 0.1.2
  • csv 3.3.0

See GitHub releases like GitHub Releases of Logger or changelog for details of the default gems or bundled gems.

Supported platforms

Compatibility issues

  • Error messages and backtrace displays have been changed.

    • Use a single quote instead of a backtick as an opening quote. [Feature #16495]

    • Display a class name before a method name (only when the class has a permanent name). [Feature #19117]

    • Kernel#caller, Thread::Backtrace::Location’s methods, etc. are also changed accordingly.

      Old:

      test.rb:1:in `foo': undefined method `time' for an instance of Integer
        from test.rb:2:in `<main>'

      New:

      test.rb:1:in 'Object#foo': undefined method 'time' for an instance of Integer
        from test.rb:2:in '<main>'

  • Hash#inspect rendering have been changed. [Bug #20433]

    • Symbol keys are displayed using the modern symbol key syntax: "{user: 1}"
    • Other keys now have spaces around =>: '{"user" => 1}', while previously they didn't: '{"user"=>1}'

Stdlib compatibility issues

C API updates

  • rb_newobj and rb_newobj_of (and corresponding macros RB_NEWOBJ, RB_NEWOBJ_OF, NEWOBJ, NEWOBJ_OF) have been removed. [Feature #20265]
  • Removed deprecated function rb_gc_force_recycle. [Feature #18290]

Implementation improvements

  • Array#each is rewritten in Ruby for better performance [Feature #20182].

JIT

Miscellaneous changes

  • Passing a block to a method which doesn't use the passed block will show a warning on verbose mode (-w). [Feature #15554]

  • Redefining some core methods that are specially optimized by the interpreter and JIT like String#freeze or Integer#+ now emits a performance class warning (-W:performance or Warning[:performance] = true). [Feature #20429]