diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 4d32528..998e3ab 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "platforms",
  "rustc_version",
  "subtle",
+ "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1077,6 +1078,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "sha3",
  "x25519-dalek",
+ "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1087,6 +1089,7 @@ checksum = "c7e468321c81fb07fa7f4c636c3972b9100f0346e5b6a9f2bd0603a52f7ed277"
 dependencies = [
  "curve25519-dalek",
  "rand_core",
+ "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1094,3 +1097,17 @@ name = "zeroize"
 version = "1.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ced3678a2879b30306d323f4542626697a464a97c0a07c9aebf7ebca65cd4dde"
+dependencies = [
+ "zeroize_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zeroize_derive"
+version = "1.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ce36e65b0d2999d2aafac989fb249189a141aee1f53c612c1f37d72631959f69"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
diff --git a/x-wing/Cargo.toml b/x-wing/Cargo.toml
index 1504a32..dbf6c45 100644
--- a/x-wing/Cargo.toml
+++ b/x-wing/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ exclude = ["src/test-vectors.json"]
 
 [features]
 getrandom = ["rand_core/getrandom"]
+zeroize = ["dep:zeroize", "ml-kem/zeroize", "x25519-dalek/zeroize"]
 
 [lints.clippy]
 pedantic = "warn"                                 # Be pedantic by default
@@ -34,6 +35,9 @@ ml-kem = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = [
 ], path = "../ml-kem" }
 sha3 = { version = "0.10", default-features = false }
 kem = "0.3.0-pre.0"
+zeroize = { version = "1.8.1", optional = true, default-features = true, features = [
+    "zeroize_derive",
+] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 rand_core = { version = "0.6" }
diff --git a/x-wing/src/lib.rs b/x-wing/src/lib.rs
index 7902d77..3595bb0 100644
--- a/x-wing/src/lib.rs
+++ b/x-wing/src/lib.rs
@@ -29,14 +29,16 @@
 //!
 //! [X-Wing draft]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-connolly-cfrg-xwing-kem
 
-use array::Array;
 use kem::{Decapsulate, Encapsulate};
-use ml_kem::{array, kem, EncodedSizeUser, KemCore, MlKem768, MlKem768Params};
+use ml_kem::array::ArrayN;
+use ml_kem::{kem, EncodedSizeUser, KemCore, MlKem768, MlKem768Params, B32};
 use rand_core::CryptoRngCore;
 use sha3::digest::core_api::XofReaderCoreWrapper;
 use sha3::digest::{ExtendableOutput, XofReader};
 use sha3::{Sha3_256, Shake128, Shake128ReaderCore};
 use x25519_dalek::{x25519, X25519_BASEPOINT_BYTES};
+#[cfg(feature = "zeroize")]
+use zeroize::{Zeroize, ZeroizeOnDrop};
 
 type MlKem768DecapsulationKey = kem::DecapsulationKey<MlKem768Params>;
 type MlKem768EncapsulationKey = kem::EncapsulationKey<MlKem768Params>;
@@ -80,13 +82,15 @@ impl Encapsulate<Ciphertext, SharedSecret> for EncapsulationKey {
         let ct_x = x25519(ek_x, X25519_BASEPOINT_BYTES);
         let ss_x = x25519(ek_x, self.pk_x.to_bytes());
 
-        let ss = combiner(&ss_m.into(), &ss_x, &ct_x, &self.pk_x);
+        let ss = combiner(&ss_m, &ss_x, &ct_x, &self.pk_x);
 
-        let ct = Ciphertext {
-            ct_m: ct_m.into(),
-            ct_x,
-        };
+        #[cfg(feature = "zeroize")]
+        {
+            let mut ss_x = ss_x;
+            ss_x.zeroize();
+        }
 
+        let ct = Ciphertext { ct_m, ct_x };
         Ok((ct, ss))
     }
 }
@@ -118,6 +122,7 @@ impl From<&[u8; PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE]> for EncapsulationKey {
 
 /// X-Wing decapsulation key or private key
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "zeroize", derive(Zeroize, ZeroizeOnDrop))]
 pub struct DecapsulationKey {
     sk: [u8; PRIVATE_KEY_SIZE],
 }
@@ -127,9 +132,16 @@ impl Decapsulate<Ciphertext, SharedSecret> for DecapsulationKey {
 
     fn decapsulate(&self, ct: &Ciphertext) -> Result<SharedSecret, Self::Error> {
         let (sk_m, sk_x, _pk_m, pk_x) = self.expand_key();
-        let ss_m = sk_m.decapsulate(&Array::from(ct.ct_m))?;
+        let ss_m = sk_m.decapsulate(&ct.ct_m)?;
         let ss_x = x25519(sk_x.to_bytes(), ct.ct_x);
-        let ss = combiner(&ss_m.into(), &ss_x, &ct.ct_x, &pk_x);
+        let ss = combiner(&ss_m, &ss_x, &ct.ct_x, &pk_x);
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "zeroize")]
+        {
+            let mut ss_x = ss_x;
+            ss_x.zeroize();
+        }
+
         Ok(ss)
     }
 }
@@ -167,12 +179,11 @@ impl DecapsulationKey {
         shaker.update(&self.sk);
         let mut expanded = shaker.finalize_xof();
 
-        let d = read_from(&mut expanded);
-        let z = read_from(&mut expanded);
+        let d = read_from(&mut expanded).into();
+        let z = read_from(&mut expanded).into();
+        let (sk_m, pk_m) = MlKem768::generate_deterministic(&d, &z);
 
-        let (sk_m, pk_m) = MlKem768::generate_deterministic(&d.into(), &z.into());
         let sk_x = read_from(&mut expanded);
-
         let sk_x = x25519_dalek::StaticSecret::from(sk_x);
         let pk_x = x25519_dalek::PublicKey::from(&sk_x);
 
@@ -194,8 +205,9 @@ impl From<[u8; PRIVATE_KEY_SIZE]> for DecapsulationKey {
 
 /// X-Wing ciphertext
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "zeroize", derive(Zeroize, ZeroizeOnDrop))]
 pub struct Ciphertext {
-    ct_m: [u8; 1088],
+    ct_m: ArrayN<u8, 1088>,
     ct_x: [u8; 32],
 }
 
@@ -218,7 +230,10 @@ impl From<&[u8; 1120]> for Ciphertext {
         let mut ct_x = [0; 32];
         ct_x.copy_from_slice(&value[1088..]);
 
-        Ciphertext { ct_m, ct_x }
+        Ciphertext {
+            ct_m: ct_m.into(),
+            ct_x,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -236,7 +251,7 @@ pub fn generate_key_pair(rng: &mut impl CryptoRngCore) -> (DecapsulationKey, Enc
 }
 
 fn combiner(
-    ss_m: &[u8; 32],
+    ss_m: &B32,
     ss_x: &[u8; 32],
     ct_x: &[u8; 32],
     pk_x: &x25519_dalek::PublicKey,
@@ -361,7 +376,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut rng = OsRng;
 
         let ct_a = Ciphertext {
-            ct_m: generate(&mut rng),
+            ct_m: generate(&mut rng).into(),
             ct_x: generate(&mut rng),
         };