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olcPixelGameEngine.h
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olcPixelGameEngine.h
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#pragma region license_and_help
/*
olcPixelGameEngine.h
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| OneLoneCoder Pixel Game Engine v2.28 |
| "What do you need? Pixels... Lots of Pixels..." - javidx9 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
What is this?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
olc::PixelGameEngine is a single file, cross platform graphics and userinput
framework used for games, visualisations, algorithm exploration and learning.
It was developed by YouTuber "javidx9" as an assistive tool for many of his
videos. The goal of this project is to provide high speed graphics with
minimal project setup complexity, to encourage new programmers, younger people,
and anyone else that wants to make fun things.
However, olc::PixelGameEngine is not a toy! It is a powerful and fast utility
capable of delivering high resolution, high speed, high quality applications
which behave the same way regardless of the operating system or platform.
This file provides the core utility set of the olc::PixelGameEngine, including
window creation, keyboard/mouse input, main game thread, timing, pixel drawing
routines, image/sprite loading and drawing routines, and a bunch of utility
types to make rapid development of games/visualisations possible.
License (OLC-3)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Copyright 2018 - 2024 OneLoneCoder.com
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions or derivations of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions or derivative works in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice. This list of conditions and the following disclaimer must be
reproduced in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may
be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT
SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
Links
~~~~~
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/javidx9
https://www.youtube.com/javidx9extra
Discord: https://discord.gg/WhwHUMV
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/javidx9
Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/javidx9
GitHub: https://www.github.com/onelonecoder
Homepage: https://www.onelonecoder.com
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/javidx9
Community: https://community.onelonecoder.com
Compiling in Linux
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You will need a modern C++ compiler, so update yours!
To compile use the command:
g++ -o YourProgName YourSource.cpp -lX11 -lGL -lpthread -lpng -lstdc++fs -std=c++17
On some Linux configurations, the frame rate is locked to the refresh
rate of the monitor. This engine tries to unlock it but may not be
able to, in which case try launching your program like this:
vblank_mode=0 ./YourProgName
Compiling in Code::Blocks on Windows
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Well I wont judge you, but make sure your Code::Blocks installation
is really up to date - you may even consider updating your C++ toolchain
to use MinGW32-W64.
Guide for installing recent GCC for Windows:
https://www.msys2.org/
Guide for configuring code::blocks:
https://solarianprogrammer.com/2019/11/05/install-gcc-windows/
https://solarianprogrammer.com/2019/11/16/install-codeblocks-gcc-windows-build-c-cpp-fortran-programs/
Add these libraries to "Linker Options":
user32 gdi32 opengl32 gdiplus Shlwapi dwmapi stdc++fs
Set these compiler options: -std=c++17
Compiling on Mac - EXPERIMENTAL! PROBABLY HAS BUGS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Yes yes, people use Macs for C++ programming! Who knew? Anyway, enough
arguing, thanks to Mumflr the PGE is now supported on Mac. Now I know nothing
about Mac, so if you need support, I suggest checking out the instructions
here: https://github.com/MumflrFumperdink/olcPGEMac
clang++ -arch x86_64 -std=c++17 -mmacosx-version-min=10.15 -Wall -framework OpenGL
-framework GLUT -framework Carbon -lpng YourSource.cpp -o YourProgName
Compiling with Emscripten (New & Experimental)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Emscripten compiler will turn your awesome C++ PixelGameEngine project into WASM!
This means you can run your application in teh browser, great for distributing
and submission in to jams and things! It's a bit new at the moment.
em++ -std=c++17 -O2 -s ALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1 -s MAX_WEBGL_VERSION=2 -s MIN_WEBGL_VERSION=2 -s USE_LIBPNG=1 ./YourSource.cpp -o pge.html
Using stb_image.h
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The PGE will load png images by default (with help from libpng on non-windows systems).
However, the excellent "stb_image.h" can be used instead, supporting a variety of
image formats, and has no library dependence - something we like at OLC studios ;)
To use stb_image.h, make sure it's in your code base, and simply:
#define OLC_IMAGE_STB
Before including the olcPixelGameEngine.h header file. stb_image.h works on many systems
and can be downloaded here: https://github.com/nothings/stb/blob/master/stb_image.h
Multiple cpp file projects?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
As a single header solution, the OLC_PGE_APPLICATION definition is used to
insert the engine implementation at a project location of your choosing.
The simplest way to setup multifile projects is to create a file called
"olcPixelGameEngine.cpp" which includes the following:
#define OLC_PGE_APPLICATION
#include "olcPixelGameEngine.h"
That's all it should include. You can also include PGEX includes and
defines in here too. With this in place, you dont need to
#define OLC_PGE_APPLICATION anywhere, and can simply include this
header file as an when you need to.
Ports
~~~~~
olc::PixelGameEngine has been ported and tested with varying degrees of
success to: WinXP, Win7, Win8, Win10, Various Linux, Raspberry Pi,
Chromebook, Playstation Portable (PSP) and Nintendo Switch. If you are
interested in the details of these ports, come and visit the Discord!
Thanks
~~~~~~
I'd like to extend thanks to Ian McKay, Bispoo, Eremiell, slavka, Kwizatz77, gurkanctn, Phantim,
IProgramInCPP, JackOJC, KrossX, Huhlig, Dragoneye, Appa, JustinRichardsMusic, SliceNDice,
dandistine, Ralakus, Gorbit99, raoul, joshinils, benedani, Moros1138, Alexio, SaladinAkara
& MagetzUb for advice, ideas and testing, and I'd like to extend my appreciation to the
250K YouTube followers, 80+ Patreons, 4.8K Twitch followers and 10K Discord server members
who give me the motivation to keep going with all this :D
Significant Contributors: @Moros1138, @SaladinAkara, @MaGetzUb, @slavka,
@Dragoneye, @Gorbit99, @dandistine & @Mumflr
Special thanks to those who bring gifts!
GnarGnarHead.......Domina
Gorbit99...........Bastion, Ori & The Blind Forest, Terraria, Spelunky 2, Skully
Marti Morta........Gris
Danicron...........Terraria
SaladinAkara.......Aseprite, Inside, Quern: Undying Thoughts, Outer Wilds
AlterEgo...........Final Fantasy XII - The Zodiac Age
SlicEnDicE.........Noita, Inside
TGD................Voucher Gift
Dragoneye..........Lucas Arts Adventure Game Pack
Anonymous Pirate...Return To Monkey Island
Special thanks to my Patreons too - I wont name you on here, but I've
certainly enjoyed my tea and flapjacks :D
- In Memory of SaladinAkara 25.06.2023 -
Author
~~~~~~
David Barr, aka javidx9, (c) OneLoneCoder 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
*/
#pragma endregion
#pragma region version_history
/*
2.01: Made renderer and platform static for multifile projects
2.02: Added Decal destructor, optimised Pixel constructor
2.03: Added FreeBSD flags, Added DrawStringDecal()
2.04: Windows Full-Screen bug fixed
2.05: +DrawPartialWarpedDecal() - draws a warped decal from a subset image
+DrawPartialRotatedDecal() - draws a rotated decal from a subset image
2.06: +GetTextSize() - returns area occupied by multiline string
+GetWindowSize() - returns actual window size
+GetElapsedTime() - returns last calculated fElapsedTime
+GetWindowMouse() - returns actual mouse location in window
+DrawExplicitDecal() - bow-chikka-bow-bow
+DrawPartialDecal(pos, size) - draws a partial decal to specified area
+FillRectDecal() - draws a flat shaded rectangle as a decal
+GradientFillRectDecal() - draws a rectangle, with unique colour corners
+Modified DrawCircle() & FillCircle() - Thanks IanM-Matrix1 (#PR121)
+Gone someway to appeasing pedants
2.07: +GetPixelSize() - returns user specified pixel size
+GetScreenPixelSize() - returns actual size in monitor pixels
+Pixel Cohesion Mode (flag in Construct()) - disallows arbitrary window scaling
+Working VSYNC in Windows windowed application - now much smoother
+Added string conversion for olc::vectors
+Added comparator operators for olc::vectors
+Added DestroyWindow() on windows platforms for serial PGE launches
+Added GetMousePos() to stop TarriestPython whinging
2.08: Fix SetScreenSize() aspect ratio pre-calculation
Fix DrawExplicitDecal() - stupid oversight with multiple decals
Disabled olc::Sprite copy constructor
+olc::Sprite Duplicate() - produces a new clone of the sprite
+olc::Sprite Duplicate(pos, size) - produces a new sprite from the region defined
+Unary operators for vectors
+More pedant mollification - Thanks TheLandfill
+ImageLoader modules - user selectable image handling core, gdi+, libpng, stb_image
+Mac Support via GLUT - thanks Mumflr!
2.09: Fix olc::Renderable Image load error - Thanks MaGetzUb & Zij-IT for finding and moaning about it
Fix file rejection in image loaders when using resource packs
Tidied Compiler defines per platform - Thanks slavka
+Pedant fixes, const correctness in parts
+DecalModes - Normal, Additive, Multiplicative blend modes
+Pixel Operators & Lerping
+Filtered Decals - If you hate pixels, then erase this file
+DrawStringProp(), GetTextSizeProp(), DrawStringPropDecal() - Draws non-monospaced font
2.10: Fix PixelLerp() - oops my bad, lerped the wrong way :P
Fix "Shader" support for strings - thanks Megarev for crying about it
Fix GetTextSizeProp() - Height was just plain wrong...
+vec2d operator overloads (element wise *=, /=)
+vec2d comparison operators... :| yup... hmmmm...
+vec2d ceil(), floor(), min(), max() functions - surprising how often I do it manually
+DrawExplicitDecal(... uint32_t elements) - complete control over convex polygons and lines
+DrawPolygonDecal() - to keep Bispoo happy, required significant rewrite of EVERYTHING, but hey ho
+Complete rewrite of decal renderer
+OpenGL 3.3 Renderer (also supports Raspberry Pi)
+PGEX Break-In Hooks - with a push from Dandistine
+Wireframe Decal Mode - For debug overlays
2.11: Made PGEX hooks optional - (provide true to super constructor)
2.12: Fix for MinGW compiler non-compliance :( - why is its sdk structure different?? why???
2.13: +GetFontSprite() - allows access to font data
2.14: Fix WIN32 Definition reshuffle
Fix DrawPartialDecal() - messed up dimension during renderer experiment, didnt remove junk code, thanks Alexio
Fix? Strange error regarding GDI+ Image Loader not knowing about COM, SDK change?
2.15: Big Reformat
+WASM Platform (via Emscripten) - Big Thanks to OLC Community - See Platform for details
+Sample Mode for Decals
+Made olc_ConfigureSystem() accessible
+Added OLC_----_CUSTOM_EX for externalised platforms, renderers and image loaders
=Refactored olc::Sprite pixel data store
-Deprecating LoadFromPGESprFile()
-Deprecating SaveToPGESprFile()
Fix Pixel -= operator (thanks Au Lit)
2.16: FIX Emscripten JS formatting in VS IDE (thanks Moros)
+"Headless" Mode
+DrawLineDecal()
+Mouse Button Constants
+Move Constructor for olc::Renderable
+Polar/Cartesian conversion for v2d_generic
+DrawRotatedStringDecal()/DrawRotatedStringPropDecal() (thanks Oso-Grande/Sopadeoso (PR #209))
=Using olc::Renderable for layer surface
+Major Mac and GLUT Update (thanks Mumflr)
2.17: +Clipping for DrawLine() functions
+Reintroduced sub-pixel decals
+Modified DrawPartialDecal() to quantise and correctly sample from tile atlasses
+olc::Sprite::GetPixel() - Clamp Mode
2.18: +Option to not "dirty" layers with SetDrawTarget() - Thanks TerasKasi!
=Detection for Mac M1, fix for scroll wheel interrogation - Thanks ruarq!
2.19: Textual Input(of)course Edition!
=Built in font is now olc::Renderable
+EnablePixelTransfer() - Gate if layer content transfers occur (speedup in decal only apps)
+TextEntryEnable() - Enables/Disables text entry mode
+TextEntryGetString() - Gets the current accumulated string in text entry mode
+TextEntryGetCursor() - Gets the current cursor position in text entry mode
+IsTextEntryEnabled() - Returns true if text entry mode is activated
+OnTextEntryComplete() - Override is called when user presses "ENTER" in text entry mode
+Potential for regional keyboard mappings - needs volunteers to do this
+ConsoleShow() - Opens built in command console
+ConsoleClear() - Clears built in command console output
+ConsoleOut() - Stream strings to command console output
+ConsoleCaptureStdOut() - Capture std::cout by redirecting to built-in console
+OnConsoleCommand() - Override is called when command is entered into built in console
2.20: +DrawRectDecal() - Keeps OneSketchyGuy quiet
+GetScreenSize()
+olc::Sprite::Size() - returns size of sprite in vector format
2.21: Emscripten Overhaul - Thanks Moros!
+DrawPolygonDecal() tint overload, can now tint a polygon accounting for vertex colours
+Multiplicative Pixel overload
+v2d_generic clamp()
+v2d_generic lerp()
+GetDroppedFiles() - returns files dropped onto engine window for that frame (MSW only)
+GetDroppedFilesPoint() - returns location of dropped files (MSW only)
+Exposed OpenGL33 Loader interface so the typedefs can be shared with PGEX & user
+Fix OGL33 DecalStructure types - wow, how did that one get missed?? lol
+FillTexturedTriangle() - Software rasterizes a textured, coloured, triangle
+FillTexturedPolygon() - Hijacks DecalStructure for configuration
+olc::vf2d arguments for Sprite::Sample() functions
2.22: = Fix typo on dragged file buffers for unicode builds
2.23: Fixed Emscripten host sizing errors - Thanks Moros
Fixed v2d_generic.clamp() function
2.24: Fix FillTexturedTriangle() to remove const-ref
2.25: +DrawPolygonDecal(pos, tex, w, col)
2.26: Window Manipulation Update! (MS Windows only right now... need volunteers!)
+1:1 "Real Window" mode which follows resizing - Construct(...)
+SetWindowSize() - Sets Position/Size of window
+ShowWindowFrame() - Enables/Disables window furniture
+olc_UpdateWindowPos() - Break in to set position of window
+adv_ManualRenderEnable() - [ADVANCED] To be PGE or not be PGE...
+adv_HardwareClip() - [ADVANCED] Specify target clip region
+adv_FlushLayer() - [ADVANCED] Force layer update to buffer
+adv_FlushLayerDecals() - [ADVANCED] Force layer's decal render to buffer
+FillTriangleDecal() - Draws a triangle decal
+GradientTriangleDecal() - Draws a triangle decal with unique vertex colours
2.27: Restructuring of connected files (post-jam clean up)
+Guarding olc::v_2d with less faff
+Updated olcUTIL_Geometry2D.h
+Updated olcUTIL_QuadTree.h
+Updated olcUTIL_Animate2D.h
+Updated olcUTIL_SplashScreen.h
+File Resolution for PGEtinker.com
2.28: Brought olc::v_2d inline with other sources
!! Apple Platforms will not see these updates immediately - Sorry, I dont have a mac to test... !!
!! Volunteers willing to help appreciated, though PRs are manually integrated with credit !!
*/
#pragma endregion
#pragma region hello_world_example
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
// | Example "Hello World" Program (main.cpp) |
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
/*
#define OLC_PGE_APPLICATION
#include "olcPixelGameEngine.h"
// Override base class with your custom functionality
class Example : public olc::PixelGameEngine
{
public:
Example()
{
// Name your application
sAppName = "Example";
}
public:
bool OnUserCreate() override
{
// Called once at the start, so create things here
return true;
}
bool OnUserUpdate(float fElapsedTime) override
{
// Called once per frame, draws random coloured pixels
for (int x = 0; x < ScreenWidth(); x++)
for (int y = 0; y < ScreenHeight(); y++)
Draw(x, y, olc::Pixel(rand() % 256, rand() % 256, rand() % 256));
return true;
}
};
int main()
{
Example demo;
if (demo.Construct(256, 240, 4, 4))
demo.Start();
return 0;
}
*/
#pragma endregion
#ifndef OLC_PGE_DEF
#define OLC_PGE_DEF
#pragma region std_includes
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
// | STANDARD INCLUDES |
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <streambuf>
#include <sstream>
#include <chrono>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <fstream>
#include <map>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cstring>
#pragma endregion
#define PGE_VER 228
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
// | COMPILER CONFIGURATION ODDITIES |
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
#pragma region compiler_config
#define USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FS
#if defined(_WIN32)
#if _MSC_VER >= 1920 && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L
#undef USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FS
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__APPLE__)
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
#undef USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FS
#endif
#endif
#if !defined(OLC_KEYBOARD_UK)
#define OLC_KEYBOARD_UK
#endif
#if defined(USE_EXPERIMENTAL_FS) || defined(FORCE_EXPERIMENTAL_FS)
// C++14
#define _SILENCE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM_DEPRECATION_WARNING
#include <experimental/filesystem>
namespace _gfs = std::experimental::filesystem::v1;
#else
// C++17
#include <filesystem>
namespace _gfs = std::filesystem;
#endif
#if defined(UNICODE) || defined(_UNICODE)
#define olcT(s) L##s
#else
#define olcT(s) s
#endif
#define UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
// | PLATFORM SELECTION CODE, Thanks slavka! |
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
#if defined(OLC_PGE_HEADLESS)
#define OLC_PLATFORM_HEADLESS
#define OLC_GFX_HEADLESS
#if !defined(OLC_IMAGE_STB) && !defined(OLC_IMAGE_GDI) && !defined(OLC_IMAGE_LIBPNG)
#define OLC_IMAGE_HEADLESS
#endif
#endif
// Platform
#if !defined(OLC_PLATFORM_WINAPI) && !defined(OLC_PLATFORM_X11) && !defined(OLC_PLATFORM_GLUT) && !defined(OLC_PLATFORM_EMSCRIPTEN) && !defined(OLC_PLATFORM_HEADLESS)
#if !defined(OLC_PLATFORM_CUSTOM_EX)
#if defined(_WIN32)
#define OLC_PLATFORM_WINAPI
#endif
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
#define OLC_PLATFORM_X11
#endif
#if defined(__APPLE__)
#define GL_SILENCE_DEPRECATION
#define OLC_PLATFORM_GLUT
#endif
#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
#define OLC_PLATFORM_EMSCRIPTEN
#endif
#endif
#endif
// Start Situation
#if defined(OLC_PLATFORM_GLUT) || defined(OLC_PLATFORM_EMSCRIPTEN)
#define PGE_USE_CUSTOM_START
#endif
// Renderer
#if !defined(OLC_GFX_OPENGL10) && !defined(OLC_GFX_OPENGL33) && !defined(OLC_GFX_DIRECTX10) && !defined(OLC_GFX_HEADLESS)
#if !defined(OLC_GFX_CUSTOM_EX)
#if defined(OLC_PLATFORM_EMSCRIPTEN)
#define OLC_GFX_OPENGL33
#else
#define OLC_GFX_OPENGL10
#endif
#endif
#endif
// Image loader
#if !defined(OLC_IMAGE_STB) && !defined(OLC_IMAGE_GDI) && !defined(OLC_IMAGE_LIBPNG) && !defined(OLC_IMAGE_HEADLESS)
#if !defined(OLC_IMAGE_CUSTOM_EX)
#if defined(_WIN32)
#define OLC_IMAGE_GDI
#endif
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
#define OLC_IMAGE_LIBPNG
#endif
#endif
#endif
// File resolver for runtime FS access of emscripten builds
#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
#include <emscripten.h>
#define FILE_RESOLVE(url, file) emscripten_wget(url, file); emscripten_sleep(0)
#else
#define FILE_RESOLVE(url, file)
#endif
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
// | PLATFORM-SPECIFIC DEPENDENCIES |
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
#if !defined(OLC_PGE_HEADLESS)
#if defined(OLC_PLATFORM_WINAPI)
#define _WINSOCKAPI_ // Thanks Cornchipss
#if !defined(VC_EXTRALEAN)
#define VC_EXTRALEAN
#endif
#if !defined(NOMINMAX)
#define NOMINMAX
#endif
// In Code::Blocks
#if !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
#ifdef HAVE_MSMF
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0600 // Windows Vista
#else
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500 // Windows 2000
#endif
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#undef _WINSOCKAPI_
#endif
#if defined(OLC_PLATFORM_X11)
namespace X11
{
#include <X11/X.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
}
#endif
#if defined(OLC_PLATFORM_GLUT)
#if defined(__linux__)
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <GL/freeglut_ext.h>
#endif
#if defined(__APPLE__)
#include <GLUT/glut.h>
#include <objc/message.h>
#include <objc/NSObjCRuntime.h>
#endif
#endif
#endif
#if defined(OLC_PGE_HEADLESS)
#if defined max
#undef max
#endif
#if defined min
#undef min
#endif
#endif
#pragma endregion
#if !defined(OLC_VECTOR2D_DEFINED)
namespace olc
{
/*
A complete 2D geometric vector structure, with a variety
of useful utility functions and operator overloads
*/
template<class T>
struct v_2d
{
static_assert(std::is_arithmetic<T>::value, "olc::v_2d<type> must be numeric");
// x-axis component
T x = 0;
// y-axis component
T y = 0;
// Default constructor
inline constexpr v_2d() = default;
// Specific constructor
inline constexpr v_2d(T _x, T _y) : x(_x), y(_y)
{}
// Copy constructor
inline constexpr v_2d(const v_2d& v) = default;
// Assignment operator
inline constexpr v_2d& operator=(const v_2d& v) = default;
// Returns rectangular area of vector
inline constexpr auto area() const
{
return x * y;
}
// Returns magnitude of vector
inline auto mag() const
{
return std::sqrt(x * x + y * y);
}
// Returns magnitude squared of vector (useful for fast comparisons)
inline constexpr T mag2() const
{
return x * x + y * y;
}
// Returns normalised version of vector
inline v_2d norm() const
{
auto r = 1 / mag();
return v_2d(x * r, y * r);
}
// Returns vector at 90 degrees to this one
inline constexpr v_2d perp() const
{
return v_2d(-y, x);
}
// Rounds both components down
inline constexpr v_2d floor() const
{
return v_2d(std::floor(x), std::floor(y));
}
// Rounds both components up
inline constexpr v_2d ceil() const
{
return v_2d(std::ceil(x), std::ceil(y));
}
// Returns 'element-wise' max of this and another vector
inline constexpr v_2d max(const v_2d& v) const
{
return v_2d(std::max(x, v.x), std::max(y, v.y));
}
// Returns 'element-wise' min of this and another vector
inline constexpr v_2d min(const v_2d& v) const
{
return v_2d(std::min(x, v.x), std::min(y, v.y));
}
// Calculates scalar dot product between this and another vector
inline constexpr auto dot(const v_2d& rhs) const
{
return this->x * rhs.x + this->y * rhs.y;
}
// Calculates 'scalar' cross product between this and another vector (useful for winding orders)
inline constexpr auto cross(const v_2d& rhs) const
{
return this->x * rhs.y - this->y * rhs.x;
}
// Treat this as polar coordinate (R, Theta), return cartesian equivalent (X, Y)
inline constexpr v_2d cart() const
{
return v_2d(std::cos(y) * x, std::sin(y) * x);
}
// Treat this as cartesian coordinate (X, Y), return polar equivalent (R, Theta)
inline constexpr v_2d polar() const
{
return v_2d(mag(), std::atan2(y, x));
}
// Clamp the components of this vector in between the 'element-wise' minimum and maximum of 2 other vectors
inline constexpr v_2d clamp(const v_2d& v1, const v_2d& v2) const
{
return this->max(v1).min(v2);
}
// Linearly interpolate between this vector, and another vector, given normalised parameter 't'
inline constexpr v_2d lerp(const v_2d& v1, const double t) const
{
return (*this) * (T(1.0 - t)) + (v1 * T(t));
}
// Compare if this vector is numerically equal to another
inline constexpr bool operator == (const v_2d& rhs) const
{
return (this->x == rhs.x && this->y == rhs.y);
}
// Compare if this vector is not numerically equal to another
inline constexpr bool operator != (const v_2d& rhs) const
{
return (this->x != rhs.x || this->y != rhs.y);
}
// Return this vector as a std::string, of the form "(x,y)"
inline std::string str() const
{
return std::string("(") + std::to_string(this->x) + "," + std::to_string(this->y) + ")";
}
// Assuming this vector is incident, given a normal, return the reflection
inline constexpr v_2d reflect(const v_2d& n) const
{
return (*this) - 2.0 * (this->dot(n) * n);
}
// Allow 'casting' from other v_2d types
template<class F>
inline constexpr operator v_2d<F>() const
{
return { static_cast<F>(this->x), static_cast<F>(this->y) };
}
};
// Multiplication operator overloads between vectors and scalars, and vectors and vectors
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator * (const TL& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs * rhs.x, lhs * rhs.y);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator * (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const TR& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs.x * rhs, lhs.y * rhs);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator * (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs.x * rhs.x, lhs.y * rhs.y);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator *= (v_2d<TL>& lhs, const TR& rhs)
{
lhs = lhs * rhs;
return lhs;
}
// Division operator overloads between vectors and scalars, and vectors and vectors
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator / (const TL& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs / rhs.x, lhs / rhs.y);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator / (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const TR& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs.x / rhs, lhs.y / rhs);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator / (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs.x / rhs.x, lhs.y / rhs.y);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator /= (v_2d<TL>& lhs, const TR& rhs)
{
lhs = lhs / rhs;
return lhs;
}
// Unary Addition operator (pointless but i like the platinum trophies)
template<class T>
inline constexpr auto operator + (const v_2d<T>& lhs)
{
return v_2d(+lhs.x, +lhs.y);
}
// Addition operator overloads between vectors and scalars, and vectors and vectors
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator + (const TL& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs + rhs.x, lhs + rhs.y);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator + (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const TR& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs.x + rhs, lhs.y + rhs);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator + (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs.x + rhs.x, lhs.y + rhs.y);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator += (v_2d<TL>& lhs, const TR& rhs)
{
lhs = lhs + rhs;
return lhs;
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator += (v_2d<TL>& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
lhs = lhs + rhs;
return lhs;
}
// Unary negation operator overoad for inverting a vector
template<class T>
inline constexpr auto operator - (const v_2d<T>& lhs)
{
return v_2d(-lhs.x, -lhs.y);
}
// Subtraction operator overloads between vectors and scalars, and vectors and vectors
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator - (const TL& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs - rhs.x, lhs - rhs.y);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator - (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const TR& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs.x - rhs, lhs.y - rhs);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator - (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return v_2d(lhs.x - rhs.x, lhs.y - rhs.y);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr auto operator -= (v_2d<TL>& lhs, const TR& rhs)
{
lhs = lhs - rhs;
return lhs;
}
// Greater/Less-Than Operator overloads - mathematically useless, but handy for "sorted" container storage
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr bool operator < (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return (lhs.y < rhs.y) || (lhs.y == rhs.y && lhs.x < rhs.x);
}
template<class TL, class TR>
inline constexpr bool operator > (const v_2d<TL>& lhs, const v_2d<TR>& rhs)
{
return (lhs.y > rhs.y) || (lhs.y == rhs.y && lhs.x > rhs.x);
}
// Allow olc::v_2d to play nicely with std::cout
template<class T>
inline constexpr std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, const v_2d<T>& rhs)
{
os << rhs.str();
return os;
}
// Convenient types ready-to-go
typedef v_2d<int32_t> vi2d;
typedef v_2d<uint32_t> vu2d;
typedef v_2d<float> vf2d;
typedef v_2d<double> vd2d;
}
#define OLC_VECTOR2D_DEFINED 1
#endif
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
// | olcPixelGameEngine INTERFACE DECLARATION |
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
#pragma region pge_declaration
namespace olc
{
class PixelGameEngine;
class Sprite;
// Pixel Game Engine Advanced Configuration
constexpr uint8_t nMouseButtons = 5;
constexpr uint8_t nDefaultAlpha = 0xFF;
constexpr uint32_t nDefaultPixel = uint32_t(nDefaultAlpha << 24);
constexpr uint8_t nTabSizeInSpaces = 4;
constexpr size_t OLC_MAX_VERTS = 128;
enum rcode { FAIL = 0, OK = 1, NO_FILE = -1 };
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
// | olc::Pixel - Represents a 32-Bit RGBA colour |
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
#if !defined(OLC_IGNORE_PIXEL)
struct Pixel
{
union
{
uint32_t n = nDefaultPixel;
struct { uint8_t r; uint8_t g; uint8_t b; uint8_t a; };
};
enum Mode { NORMAL, MASK, ALPHA, CUSTOM };
Pixel();
Pixel(uint8_t red, uint8_t green, uint8_t blue, uint8_t alpha = nDefaultAlpha);
Pixel(uint32_t p);
Pixel& operator = (const Pixel& v) = default;
bool operator ==(const Pixel& p) const;
bool operator !=(const Pixel& p) const;
Pixel operator * (const float i) const;
Pixel operator / (const float i) const;
Pixel& operator *=(const float i);
Pixel& operator /=(const float i);
Pixel operator + (const Pixel& p) const;
Pixel operator - (const Pixel& p) const;
Pixel& operator +=(const Pixel& p);
Pixel& operator -=(const Pixel& p);
Pixel operator * (const Pixel& p) const;
Pixel& operator *=(const Pixel& p);
Pixel inv() const;
};
Pixel PixelF(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha = 1.0f);
Pixel PixelLerp(const olc::Pixel& p1, const olc::Pixel& p2, float t);
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
// | USEFUL CONSTANTS |
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
static const Pixel
GREY(192, 192, 192), DARK_GREY(128, 128, 128), VERY_DARK_GREY(64, 64, 64),
RED(255, 0, 0), DARK_RED(128, 0, 0), VERY_DARK_RED(64, 0, 0),
YELLOW(255, 255, 0), DARK_YELLOW(128, 128, 0), VERY_DARK_YELLOW(64, 64, 0),
GREEN(0, 255, 0), DARK_GREEN(0, 128, 0), VERY_DARK_GREEN(0, 64, 0),
CYAN(0, 255, 255), DARK_CYAN(0, 128, 128), VERY_DARK_CYAN(0, 64, 64),
BLUE(0, 0, 255), DARK_BLUE(0, 0, 128), VERY_DARK_BLUE(0, 0, 64),
MAGENTA(255, 0, 255), DARK_MAGENTA(128, 0, 128), VERY_DARK_MAGENTA(64, 0, 64),
WHITE(255, 255, 255), BLACK(0, 0, 0), BLANK(0, 0, 0, 0);
#endif
// Thanks to scripticuk and others for updating the key maps
// NOTE: The GLUT platform will need updating, open to contributions ;)
enum Key
{
NONE,
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z,
K0, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9,
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F12,
UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT,
SPACE, TAB, SHIFT, CTRL, INS, DEL, HOME, END, PGUP, PGDN,
BACK, ESCAPE, RETURN, ENTER, PAUSE, SCROLL,
NP0, NP1, NP2, NP3, NP4, NP5, NP6, NP7, NP8, NP9,
NP_MUL, NP_DIV, NP_ADD, NP_SUB, NP_DECIMAL, PERIOD,
EQUALS, COMMA, MINUS,
OEM_1, OEM_2, OEM_3, OEM_4, OEM_5, OEM_6, OEM_7, OEM_8,
CAPS_LOCK, ENUM_END
};
namespace Mouse
{
static constexpr int32_t LEFT = 0;
static constexpr int32_t RIGHT = 1;
static constexpr int32_t MIDDLE = 2;
};
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
// | olc::HWButton - Represents the state of a hardware button (mouse/key/joy) |
// O------------------------------------------------------------------------------O
struct HWButton
{
bool bPressed = false; // Set once during the frame the event occurs
bool bReleased = false; // Set once during the frame the event occurs