diff --git a/code/client/dev-dist/sw.js b/code/client/dev-dist/sw.js
index 3efb91e5..501ea34b 100644
--- a/code/client/dev-dist/sw.js
+++ b/code/client/dev-dist/sw.js
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ if (!self.define) {
     });
   };
 }
-define(['./workbox-a0f72815'], (function (workbox) { 'use strict';
+define(['./workbox-fda11f75'], (function (workbox) { 'use strict';
 
   self.skipWaiting();
   workbox.clientsClaim();
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ define(['./workbox-a0f72815'], (function (workbox) { 'use strict';
     "revision": "3ca0b8505b4bec776b69afdba2768812"
   }, {
     "url": "index.html",
-    "revision": "0.5aj285mkmh8"
+    "revision": "0.kad9pi711c"
   }], {});
   workbox.cleanupOutdatedCaches();
   workbox.registerRoute(new workbox.NavigationRoute(workbox.createHandlerBoundToURL("index.html"), {
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/crdt/fugue.ts b/code/client/src/editor/crdt/fugue.ts
index 75907ef7..773cf9ed 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/crdt/fugue.ts
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/crdt/fugue.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
-import { type DeleteOperation, type InsertOperation, type StyleOperation } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/operations';
+import {
+  type DeleteOperation,
+  type InsertOperation,
+  type StyleOperation,
+} from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/operations';
 import { type Node, type Id } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/nodes';
 import { type Style } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/styles';
 import { FugueTree } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/FugueTree';
 import { generateReplicaId } from './utils';
 import { socket } from '@src/socket/socket';
 import { type InsertNode } from '@editor/crdt/types';
-import {Cursor, Selection} from '@editor/slate/model/cursor'
-import { isEmpty } from 'lodash';
+import { Cursor, Selection } from '@editor/slate/model/cursor';
+import { isEmpty, isEqual } from 'lodash';
 
 /**
  * A local replica of a FugueTree.
@@ -37,12 +41,11 @@ export class Fugue {
    * @param start
    * @param values
    */
-  insertLocal({start}: Selection, ...values: InsertNode[]): InsertOperation[] {
-    return values.map((value, i) => {
-      const operation = this.insertOne({...start, column: start.column + i}, value);
+  insertLocal(start: Cursor, ...values: InsertNode[]): void {
+    values.forEach((value, i) => {
+      const operation = this.getInsertOperation({ ...start, column: start.column + i }, value);
       this.addNode(operation);
-      socket.emit('operation', operation); // FIXME: break data into data chunks - less network traffic
-      return operation;
+      socket.emit('operation', operation); // TODO: break data into data chunks - less network traffic
     });
   }
 
@@ -55,20 +58,17 @@ export class Fugue {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Inserts a new node in the tree based on the given operation.
+   * Gets the insert operation based on the given cursor and insert node.
    * @param start - the index where the new node should be inserted
    * @param value - the value of the new node
    * @param styles
    * @private
    * @returns the insert operation
    */
-  private insertOne({ line, column } : Cursor, { value, styles }: InsertNode): InsertOperation {
+  private getInsertOperation({ line, column }: Cursor, { value, styles }: InsertNode): InsertOperation {
     const id = { sender: this.replicaId, counter: this.counter++ };
-
     const root = this.findNode('\n', line) || this.tree.root;
-
     const leftOrigin = column === 0 ? root : this.tree.getByIndex(root, column - 1);
-  
     if (isEmpty(leftOrigin.rightChildren)) {
       return {
         type: 'insert',
@@ -79,12 +79,10 @@ export class Fugue {
         styles,
       };
     }
-
     const rightOrigin = this.tree.getLeftmostDescendant(leftOrigin.rightChildren[0]);
     return { type: 'insert', id, value, parent: rightOrigin.id, side: 'L' };
   }
 
-
   /**
    * Inserts a new node in the tree based on the given operation.
    * @param id
@@ -99,25 +97,39 @@ export class Fugue {
 
   /**
    * Deletes the nodes from the given start index to the given end index.
-   * @param start
-   * @param end (exclusive)
+   * @param selection
    */
-  deleteLocal({start, end} : Selection): void {
-    const deleteElement = (id : Id) => {
-      const msg = this.deleteOne(id);
-      this.deleteNode(msg);
-      socket.emit('operation', msg); // FIXME: this should be done only once after all the deletes - less network traffic
-    };
-
-    const startRoot = this.findNode('\n', start.line);
-    const startNode = this.tree.getByIndex(startRoot, start.column);
-
-    const endRoot = this.findNode('\n', end.line);
-    const endNode = this.tree.getByIndex(endRoot, end.column);
-
-    for (const node of this.tree.traverse(startNode)){
-      if (node === endNode) break;
-      deleteElement(node.id);
+  deleteLocal({ start, end }: Selection): void {
+    // delete from start to end
+    let lineCounter = 0;
+    let columnCounter = 0;
+    let deleteFlag = false;
+    for (const node of this.traverseTree()) {
+      // delete condition
+      if (
+        lineCounter === start.line &&
+        (columnCounter === start.column || (isEqual(start, end) && columnCounter === start.column - 1))
+      ) {
+        deleteFlag = true;
+      }
+      // delete operation
+      if (deleteFlag) {
+        const { id } = node;
+        this.removeNode(id);
+        const operation: DeleteOperation = { type: 'delete', id };
+        socket.emit('operation', operation); // TODO: break data into data chunks - less network traffic
+      }
+      // end condition
+      if (lineCounter === end.line && columnCounter === end.column) {
+        break;
+      }
+      // update counters
+      if (node.value === '\n') {
+        lineCounter++;
+        columnCounter = 0;
+      } else {
+        columnCounter++;
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -126,25 +138,15 @@ export class Fugue {
    * @param operation
    */
   deleteRemote(operation: DeleteOperation): void {
-    this.deleteNode(operation);
+    this.removeNode(operation.id);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Returns the delete operation
-   * @param index
-   * @private
-   * @returns the delete operation
-   */
-  private deleteOne(id : Id): DeleteOperation {
-    return { type: 'delete', id };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Deletes the node based on the given operation.
-   * @param operation
+   * Deletes the node based on the given node id
+   * @param id
    * @private
    */
-  private deleteNode({id}: DeleteOperation): void {
+  private removeNode(id: Id): void {
     this.tree.deleteNode(id);
   }
 
@@ -160,8 +162,7 @@ export class Fugue {
         value: value,
       };
       this.tree.updateStyle(id, style, value);
-      // TODO: swap to chunked operations
-      socket.emit('operation', styleOperation);
+      socket.emit('operation', styleOperation); // TODO: break data into data chunks - less network traffic
     }
   }
 
@@ -175,27 +176,22 @@ export class Fugue {
   traverseTree = () => this.tree.traverse(this.tree.root);
 
   findNode(value: string, skip: number): Node<string> {
-    let lastMatch: Node<string> = this.tree.root
-    for (const node of this.traverseTree()){
-      if(node.value === value && !node.isDeleted) {
-        lastMatch = node
-        if (--skip === 0) return lastMatch
+    let lastMatch: Node<string> = this.tree.root;
+    for (const node of this.traverseTree()) {
+      if (node.value === value && !node.isDeleted) {
+        lastMatch = node;
+        if (--skip === 0) return lastMatch;
       }
     }
-    return lastMatch
+    return lastMatch;
   }
 
-
   /**
    * Returns the string representation of the tree.
    * @returns the string representation of the tree.
    */
   toString(): string {
-    const values: string[] = [];
-    for (const node of this.traverseTree()) {
-      values.push(node.value!);
-    }
-    return values.join('');
+    return this.tree.toString();
   }
 
   getElementId(index: number): Id {
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/crdt/types.ts b/code/client/src/editor/crdt/types.ts
index c95492dc..f0122b19 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/crdt/types.ts
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/crdt/types.ts
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ import { type Style } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/styles';
 export type InsertNode = {
   value: string;
   styles: Style[];
-}
+};
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/crdt/utils.ts b/code/client/src/editor/crdt/utils.ts
index 88b0c5c5..1d411006 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/crdt/utils.ts
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/crdt/utils.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import _, { range } from 'lodash';
+import { range } from 'lodash';
 import type { Style } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/styles';
 import type { InsertNode } from '@editor/crdt/types';
 
@@ -18,5 +18,3 @@ export function generateReplicaId() {
 export function insertNode(value: string, styles: Style[]): InsertNode {
   return { value, styles };
 }
-
-
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/SlateEditor.tsx b/code/client/src/editor/slate/SlateEditor.tsx
index 281b608f..d8182558 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/slate/SlateEditor.tsx
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/slate/SlateEditor.tsx
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ import { withHistory } from 'slate-history';
 import useEditor from '@editor/slate/hooks/useEditor';
 import { withMarkdown } from '@editor/slate/plugins/markdown/withMarkdown';
 import { withNormalize } from './plugins/normalize/withNormalize';
-import { toSlate } from '@editor/slate/utils';
+import { toSlate } from '@editor/slate/utils/toSlate';
 
 const initialValue = [
   {
     type: 'paragraph',
     children: [{ text: '' }],
   },
-]
+];
 
 function SlateEditor() {
   const editor = useEditor(withHistory, withReact, withMarkdown, withNormalize);
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ function SlateEditor() {
   const { renderElement, renderLeaf } = useRenderers();
 
   useEvents(fugue, () => {
-    editor.children = toSlate(fugue.traverseTree)
+    editor.children = toSlate(fugue.traverseTree);
     editor.onChange();
   });
 
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/hooks/useInputHandlers.ts b/code/client/src/editor/slate/hooks/useInputHandlers.ts
index 890edf48..9043e35c 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/slate/hooks/useInputHandlers.ts
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/slate/hooks/useInputHandlers.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import type React from 'react';
 import { type Fugue } from '@editor/crdt/fugue';
 import CustomEditor from '@editor/slate/model/CustomEditor';
 import { type Editor } from 'slate';
-import useSelection from './useSelection';
-import {isEqual} from 'lodash'
-import {insertNode } from '@src/editor/crdt/utils';
+import { getSelection } from '../utils/selection';
+import { isEqual } from 'lodash';
+import { insertNode } from '@src/editor/crdt/utils';
 
 const hotkeys: Record<string, string> = {
   b: 'bold',
@@ -14,36 +14,37 @@ const hotkeys: Record<string, string> = {
 };
 
 function useInputHandlers(editor: Editor, fugue: Fugue) {
-  
-  function onKeyDown(e: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLDivElement>) { 
+  function onKeyDown(e: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLDivElement>) {
     if (e.ctrlKey) return shortcutHandler(e);
-  
-    const {selection} = useSelection(editor);
-    const {start, end} = selection
-    
+
+    const selection = getSelection(editor);
+    const { start, end } = selection;
+
     switch (e.key) {
       case 'Enter':
-        fugue.insertLocal(selection, insertNode('\n', []));
+        fugue.insertLocal(start, insertNode('\n', []));
         break;
-      case 'Backspace':
-        if (isEqual({line: 0, column: 0}, start) && isEqual({line:0, column:0}, end)) break;
+      case 'Backspace': {
+        const startPosition = { line: 0, column: 0 };
+        if (isEqual(startPosition, start) && isEqual(startPosition, end)) break;
         fugue.deleteLocal(selection);
         break;
+      }
       case 'Tab':
         e.preventDefault();
         editor.insertText('\t');
-        fugue.insertLocal(selection, insertNode('\t', []));
+        fugue.insertLocal(start, insertNode('\t', []));
         break;
       default:
         if (e.key.length !== 1) break;
-        fugue.insertLocal(selection, insertNode(e.key, []));
+        fugue.insertLocal(start, insertNode(e.key, []));
         break;
     }
   }
 
   function onPaste(e: React.ClipboardEvent<HTMLDivElement>) {
-    // const clipboardData = e.clipboardData?.getData('text');
-    // if (!clipboardData) return;
+    const clipboardData = e.clipboardData?.getData('text');
+    if (!clipboardData) return;
     // const selection = getSelection();
     // fugue.insertLocal(start, insertNode(clipboardData, []));
   }
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/hooks/useSelection.ts b/code/client/src/editor/slate/hooks/useSelection.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 6fa76fcb..00000000
--- a/code/client/src/editor/slate/hooks/useSelection.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-import { Editor } from 'slate';
-import { Selection } from '../model/cursor';
-import { isEqual } from 'lodash';
-
-function isSelected(editor: Editor) {
-  if (!editor.selection) return false;
-  const { anchor, focus } = editor.selection;
-  return isEqual(anchor.path, focus.path) || anchor.offset !== focus.offset;
-}
-
-function getSelection(editor: Editor): Selection {
-  if (!editor.selection) return { start: { line: 0, column: 0 }, end: { line: 0, column: 0 } };
-  const { anchor, focus } = editor.selection;
-  console.log(anchor, focus)
-  const {path: startLine, offset: startColumn} = focus
-  const {path: endLine, offset: endColumn} = anchor
-  return {start: { line: startLine[0], column: startColumn }, end: { line: endLine[0], column: endColumn }};
-}
-
-function useSelection(editor: Editor){
-  return {
-    isSelected : isSelected(editor),
-    selection : getSelection(editor)
-  }
-} 
-
-export default useSelection;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/CustomEditor.ts b/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/CustomEditor.ts
index 6499cce0..cdf1f009 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/CustomEditor.ts
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/CustomEditor.ts
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ const CustomEditor = {
     const marks = Editor.marks(editor) as Partial<Record<string, boolean>>;
     return marks ? marks[format] : false;
   },
-  toggleMark(editor: Editor, mark : string, fugue: Fugue) {
+  toggleMark(editor: Editor, mark: string, fugue: Fugue) {
     const isActive = CustomEditor.isMarkActive(editor, mark);
-    Transforms.setNodes(editor, { [mark]: !isActive}, { match: n => Editor.isBlock(editor, n) });
-   
+    Transforms.setNodes(editor, { [mark]: !isActive }, { match: n => Editor.isBlock(editor, n) });
+
     const [start, end] = getAbsoluteSelection(editor)!;
     fugue.updateStyleLocal(start, end, !isActive, mark);
   },
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/cursor.ts b/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/cursor.ts
index 7a8f44f2..0e90b7f5 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/cursor.ts
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/cursor.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 export type Cursor = {
-    line: number;
-    column: number;
-}
-  
+  line: number;
+  column: number;
+};
+
 export type Selection = {
-    start: Cursor;
-    end: Cursor;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+  start: Cursor;
+  end: Cursor;
+};
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/types.ts b/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/types.ts
index d0b29e3c..60c167c8 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/types.ts
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/slate/model/types.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ export interface CustomText extends CustomFormat {
   text: string;
 }
 
-
 export interface CustomElement {
   type: BlockStyle;
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/plugins/normalize/withNormalize.ts b/code/client/src/editor/slate/plugins/normalize/withNormalize.ts
index 5e8aa711..35be95aa 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/slate/plugins/normalize/withNormalize.ts
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/slate/plugins/normalize/withNormalize.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Editor, Transforms } from 'slate';
-import _, { isEmpty } from 'lodash';
+import { isEmpty } from 'lodash';
 
 // ensure editor always has at least one child.
 export function withNormalize(editor: Editor) {
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/toolbar/Toolbar.tsx b/code/client/src/editor/slate/toolbar/Toolbar.tsx
index c6f79ba8..cdb74ce1 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/slate/toolbar/Toolbar.tsx
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/slate/toolbar/Toolbar.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
 import { useFocused, useSlate } from 'slate-react';
-import CustomEditor from '@editor/slate/model/CustomEditor.ts';
-import useSelection from '@editor/slate/hooks/useSelection.ts';
+import CustomEditor from '@editor/slate/model/CustomEditor';
+import { isSelected } from '@editor/slate/utils/selection';
 import { FaBold, FaItalic, FaUnderline, FaStrikethrough, FaCode } from 'react-icons/fa';
-import { type Fugue } from '@editor/crdt/fugue.ts';
+import { type Fugue } from '@editor/crdt/fugue';
 
 interface MarkOption {
   value: string;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ interface ToolbarProps {
 function Toolbar({ fugue }: ToolbarProps) {
   const editor = useSlate();
   const focused = useFocused();
-  const {isSelected:selected} = useSelection(editor)
+  const selected = isSelected(editor);
   const [selectionBounds, setSelectionBounds] = React.useState<DOMRect | null>(null);
 
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/utils/selection.ts b/code/client/src/editor/slate/utils/selection.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44d198f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/slate/utils/selection.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { Editor } from 'slate';
+import { Selection } from '../model/cursor.ts';
+import { isEqual } from 'lodash';
+
+export function isSelected(editor: Editor) {
+  if (!editor.selection) return false;
+  const { anchor, focus } = editor.selection;
+  return isEqual(anchor.path, focus.path) || anchor.offset !== focus.offset;
+}
+
+export function getSelection(editor: Editor): Selection {
+  if (!editor.selection) return { start: { line: 0, column: 0 }, end: { line: 0, column: 0 } };
+  const { anchor, focus } = editor.selection;
+  const { path: startLine, offset: startColumn } = focus;
+  const { path: endLine, offset: endColumn } = anchor;
+  const start = { line: startLine[0], column: startColumn };
+  const end = { line: endLine[0], column: endColumn };
+  const isRightToLeft = start.line > end.line || (start.line === end.line && start.column > end.column);
+  return isRightToLeft ? { start: end, end: start } : { start, end };
+}
diff --git a/code/client/src/editor/slate/utils.ts b/code/client/src/editor/slate/utils/toSlate.ts
similarity index 84%
rename from code/client/src/editor/slate/utils.ts
rename to code/client/src/editor/slate/utils/toSlate.ts
index 4ba0b4c0..68f93f5c 100644
--- a/code/client/src/editor/slate/utils.ts
+++ b/code/client/src/editor/slate/utils/toSlate.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
-import type { Descendant, Editor } from 'slate';
-import type { Style, BlockStyle } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/styles';
+import type { Descendant } from 'slate';
+import type { Style, BlockStyle } from '../../../../../shared/crdt/types/styles';
 import type { CustomText } from '@editor/slate/model/types.ts';
 import { isEmpty, isEqual } from 'lodash';
 import { createChildren, createDescendant } from '@editor/slate/model/utils.ts';
-import { Node } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/nodes';
-import { Selection } from '@editor/slate/model/cursor';
-
+import { Node } from '../../../../../shared/crdt/types/nodes.ts';
 
 export function toSlate<T>(traverse: () => IterableIterator<Node<T>>): Descendant[] {
   const descendants: Descendant[] = [];
   let lastStyles: Style[] = [];
-  let lineCounter = 0
+  let lineCounter = 0;
   let root: Node<T> | null = null;
   for (const node of traverse()) {
     if (root === null) root = node;
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ export function toSlate<T>(traverse: () => IterableIterator<Node<T>>): Descendan
     // If there are no descendants or new line, add a new paragraph
     if (isEmpty(descendants) || node.value === '\n') {
       const children = node.value === '\n' ? createChildren('') : [textNode];
-      const lineStyle = root.styles[lineCounter++] as BlockStyle;
+      const lineStyle = root!.styles[lineCounter++] as BlockStyle;
       descendants.push(createDescendant(lineStyle, children));
       lastStyles = node.styles;
       continue;
@@ -49,5 +47,3 @@ export function toSlate<T>(traverse: () => IterableIterator<Node<T>>): Descendan
   }
   return descendants;
 }
-
-
diff --git a/code/client/tests/editor/crdt/fugue.test.ts b/code/client/tests/editor/crdt/fugue.test.ts
index 802a0871..b2849ce3 100644
--- a/code/client/tests/editor/crdt/fugue.test.ts
+++ b/code/client/tests/editor/crdt/fugue.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 import { Fugue } from '@editor/crdt/fugue';
 import { InsertOperation, DeleteOperation } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types';
+import { Selection, Cursor } from '@editor/slate/model/cursor';
+import { InsertNode } from '@editor/crdt/types';
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 
+const a: InsertNode = { value: 'a', styles: [] };
+const b: InsertNode = { value: 'b', styles: [] };
+const c: InsertNode = { value: 'c', styles: [] };
+
 describe('Fugue', () => {
   let fugue: Fugue<string>;
 
@@ -15,9 +21,9 @@ describe('Fugue', () => {
   });
 
   it('should insert values locally', () => {
-    const insertedMessages: InsertOperation<string>[] = fugue.insertLocal(0, 'a', 'b', 'c');
-    expect(insertedMessages).toHaveLength(3);
-    expect(fugue.toString()).toContain('abc');
+    const start: Cursor = { line: 0, column: 0 };
+    fugue.insertLocal(start, a, b, c);
+    expect(fugue.toString()).toEqual('abc');
   });
 
   it('should insert values remotely', () => {
@@ -33,8 +39,10 @@ describe('Fugue', () => {
   });
 
   it('should delete values locally', () => {
-    fugue.insertLocal(0, 'a', 'b', 'c');
-    fugue.deleteLocal(1, 3);
+    const start: Cursor = { line: 0, column: 0 };
+    fugue.insertLocal(start, a, b, c);
+    const selection: Selection = { start: { line: 0, column: 1 }, end: { line: 0, column: 3 } };
+    fugue.deleteLocal(selection);
     expect(fugue.toString()).toEqual('a');
   });
 
diff --git a/code/server/tests/conflict-resolution/crdt.test.ts b/code/server/tests/conflict-resolution/crdt.test.ts
index 57708c18..9f5350e9 100644
--- a/code/server/tests/conflict-resolution/crdt.test.ts
+++ b/code/server/tests/conflict-resolution/crdt.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { InsertOperation, DeleteOperation } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/o
 import { Node } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/types/nodes';
 import { FugueTree } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/FugueTree';
 import request = require('supertest');
-import { treeToString } from '../utils';
 import { Server } from 'socket.io';
 import server from '../../src/server';
 
@@ -69,8 +68,7 @@ describe('Operations must be commutative', () => {
     const nodes = response.body as Record<string, Node<string>[]>;
     const tree = new FugueTree<string>();
     tree.setTree(new Map(Object.entries(nodes)));
-    const result = treeToString(tree);
-    expect(result).toBe('ab');
+    expect(tree.toString()).toBe('ab');
   });
 });
 
@@ -112,8 +110,7 @@ describe('Operations must be idempotent', () => {
       const nodes = response.body as Record<string, Node<string>[]>;
       const tree = new FugueTree();
       tree.setTree(new Map(Object.entries(nodes)));
-      const result = treeToString(tree);
-      expect(result).toBe('a');
+      expect(tree.toString()).toBe('a');
       done();
     }, 500);
   });
diff --git a/code/server/tests/utils.ts b/code/server/tests/utils.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 91d9c708..00000000
--- a/code/server/tests/utils.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import { FugueTree } from '@notespace/shared/crdt/FugueTree';
-
-export function treeToString<T>(tree: FugueTree<T>): string {
-  let result = '';
-  for (const node of tree.traverse(tree.root)) {
-    result += node.value;
-  }
-  return result;
-}
diff --git a/code/shared/crdt/FugueTree.ts b/code/shared/crdt/FugueTree.ts
index 7377697d..d758a621 100644
--- a/code/shared/crdt/FugueTree.ts
+++ b/code/shared/crdt/FugueTree.ts
@@ -213,6 +213,10 @@ export class FugueTree<T> {
     }
   }
 
+  toString() {
+    return Array.from(this.traverse(this.root)).map(node => node.value).join('');
+  }
+
   get root(): Node<T> {
     return this._root;
   }
diff --git a/code/shared/crdt/utils.ts b/code/shared/crdt/utils.ts
index 8ee46bae..0971b9a5 100644
--- a/code/shared/crdt/utils.ts
+++ b/code/shared/crdt/utils.ts
@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@ export function treeNode<T>(
     depth,
     styles,
   };
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}