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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2020/10/01/ThreadLocal/" itemprop="url">ThreadLocal</a></h1>
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<h1 id="ThreadLocal"><a href="#ThreadLocal" class="headerlink" title="ThreadLocal"></a>ThreadLocal</h1><p>ThreadLocal 被称为线程本地变量，每个线程都单独有一份 ThreadLocal 。各线程之间的 ThreadLocal 是不共享的。在[多线程与高并发](<a href="https://nanyiniu.github.io/2020/06/10/">https://nanyiniu.github.io/2020/06/10/</a> 多线程与高并发 /) 中，谈到进程时，各个进程之间是相互独立的，拥有独立的运行空间、内存。而 ThreadLocal 完成的工作就是在线程层级，做了独立的空间。</p>
<h2 id="ThreadLocal-结构"><a href="#ThreadLocal-结构" class="headerlink" title="ThreadLocal 结构"></a>ThreadLocal 结构</h2><p>ThreadLocal 本身不具备什么数据结构，他的实现是依附于 ThreadLocalMap 。</p>
<p>每次 ThreadLocal 执行 set 方法后，实际上是使用 ThreadLocalMap 的 set 方法，将 ThreadLocal 作为 key，value 作为 value 放入到 ThreadLocalMap 中。</p>
<p>而实际上的 ThreadLocalMap 是由 Entry 来实现，而 Entry 中的 key 是 WeakReference 包裹的 ThreadLocal。</p>
<p>过程如下图：</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NanYinIU/PicRoom/b563194e22fada4ec157ab3c2a06cbdf5d0cb018/img/20200520162730.png" alt="图 1"></p>
<p>结构引用：其中虚线表示弱引用</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NanYinIU/PicRoom/b563194e22fada4ec157ab3c2a06cbdf5d0cb018/img/20200520160700.png" alt="图 2"></p>
<h3 id="为什么要使用弱引用？"><a href="#为什么要使用弱引用？" class="headerlink" title="为什么要使用弱引用？"></a>为什么要使用弱引用？</h3><p>原因在于防止内存溢出，那为什么弱引用就能够够避免呢？再次之前需要先了解什么是弱引用 -><a href="https://nanyiniu.github.io/2020/09/28/Java%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9B%E7%A7%8D%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B/">Java 的四种引用类型</a>。</p>
<p>只要进行垃圾回收，那么弱引用就会被回收掉。那么，可以看图 2 中的结构。如果需要 ThreadLocal 引用被断开，也就是 TL ref 被设为 null，因为 ThreadLocal 与 Entry 中的 key 是弱引用关系，所以，只要这边的强引用（tl ref）断开，则下一次垃圾回收，就一定能把 ThreadLocal 回收掉。</p>
<p>如果不理解，那么举个反例，如果 ThreadLocal 与 Entry 中的 key 是强引用关系，此时 tl ref 和这个 threadlocal 断开。此时，还需要将 threadLocalMap 这边的引用断开，才能够将 threadlocal 进行回收，而 threadLocalMap 是线程 Thread 中的一部分，声明周期和 Thread 相同。所以，造成的结果就是，只要线程运行着，threadLocal 就不会被回收。</p>
<h2 id="ThreadLocal-的内存溢出"><a href="#ThreadLocal-的内存溢出" class="headerlink" title="ThreadLocal 的内存溢出"></a>ThreadLocal 的内存溢出</h2><p>除去上面分析的如果使用强引用会导致内存溢出外，还有一种情况会导致 ThreadLocal 的内存溢出</p>
<p>如果 tl ref 和 threadLocal 之间的强引用断开后，此时的 threadlocal 变为 null 存在于 Entry 中，也就是说内存中保存着 key 为 null 的 entry，同样无法回收，导致内存溢出。</p>
<p>解决方式是，用完 threadLocal 后，使用 remove 方法进行手动释放。</p>
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<h1 id="Java-的四种引用类型"><a href="#Java-的四种引用类型" class="headerlink" title="Java 的四种引用类型"></a>Java 的四种引用类型</h1><h2 id="强引用"><a href="#强引用" class="headerlink" title="强引用"></a>强引用</h2><p>任何时候声明一个对象使用<code>=</code>关联的引用，都是强引用，只要该强引用存在，就不会被垃圾回收器回收掉。当内存空间不足时，也不会随意清除任何一个强引用的对象。</p>
<h2 id="软引用"><a href="#软引用" class="headerlink" title="软引用"></a>软引用</h2><p>软引用使用 <code>SoftReference</code> 进行声明,和强引用不同的是，如果堆内存空间不足时，会优先回收软引用。可以用于缓存数据。</p>
<div class="highlight-wrap"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="JAVA"><figure class="iseeu highlight /java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SoftReference<String[]> softBean = </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">new</span> SoftReference<String[]>(<span class="keyword">new</span> String[]{<span class="string">"a"</span>, <span class="string">"b"</span>, <span class="string">"c"</span>});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>
<h2 id="弱引用"><a href="#弱引用" class="headerlink" title="弱引用"></a>弱引用</h2><p>弱引用使用 <code>WeakReference</code> 进行声明，和软引用的区别是，只要发生垃圾回收，弱引用就一定会被回收掉。</p>
<div class="highlight-wrap"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="JAVA"><figure class="iseeu highlight /java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">WeakReference <String[]> weakBean = </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">new</span> WeakReference<String[]>(<span class="keyword">new</span> String[]{<span class="string">"a"</span>, <span class="string">"b"</span>, <span class="string">"c"</span>});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>
<h2 id="虚引用"><a href="#虚引用" class="headerlink" title="虚引用"></a>虚引用</h2><p>虚引用使用 <code>PhantomReference</code> 进行声明，虚引用和其他引用不同，需要和一个<code>ReferenceQueue</code>一同绑定使用。如果再回收前，发现是虚引用，会现将虚引用放到<code>ReferenceQueue</code>中，执行完相关 hook 方法后，进行真正的回收。其目的是<strong>监测、跟踪垃圾回收器的行为</strong>。用于回收堆外内存。</p>
<ol>
<li>当发现是虚引用，放到<code>ReferenceQueue</code>中。</li>
<li>另外一个线程，发现<code>ReferenceQueue</code>不为空，执行相关方法，清空堆外内存。</li>
<li>清空堆外内存后，对虚引用进行真正的回收。</li>
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<h1 id="Markdown语法总结"><a href="#Markdown语法总结" class="headerlink" title="Markdown语法总结"></a>Markdown语法总结</h1><h2 id="概述"><a href="#概述" class="headerlink" title="概述"></a>概述</h2><p>其实markdown是一种标记型的语法，简洁好用，通过工具能够进行预览，不用担心格式问题，并且由很多工具支持markdown的预览。</p>
<h2 id="正文"><a href="#正文" class="headerlink" title="正文"></a>正文</h2><p>一个 Markdown 段落是由一个或多个连续的文本行组成，它的前后要有一个以上的空行（空行的定义是显示上看起来像是空的，便会被视为空行。比方说，若某一行只包含空格和制表符，则该行也会被视为空行）。普通段落不该用空格或制表符来缩进。</p>
<p>在编辑的过程当中每编辑一块的内容，就要空一行，否则可能出现渲染失败，出现格式乱掉的情况。</p>
<h3 id="标题"><a href="#标题" class="headerlink" title="标题"></a><strong>标题</strong></h3><p>markdown支持两种标题的语法，类 Setext 和类 atx 形式。</p>
<h4 id="类-Setext-形式是用底线的形式，利用-（最高阶标题）和-（第二阶标题），例如："><a href="#类-Setext-形式是用底线的形式，利用-（最高阶标题）和-（第二阶标题），例如：" class="headerlink" title="类 Setext 形式是用底线的形式，利用 = （最高阶标题）和 - （第二阶标题），例如："></a>类 Setext 形式是用底线的形式，利用 = （最高阶标题）和 - （第二阶标题），例如：</h4><blockquote>
<p>This is an H1</p>
<p>=============</p>
<p>This is an H2</p>
<p>-————</p>
</blockquote>
<p>效果</p>
<blockquote>
<h1 id="This-is-an-H1"><a href="#This-is-an-H1" class="headerlink" title="This is an H1"></a>This is an H1</h1><h2 id="This-is-an-H2"><a href="#This-is-an-H2" class="headerlink" title="This is an H2"></a>This is an H2</h2></blockquote>
<h4 id="也能使用atx-使用-来进行1-6阶的划分-如："><a href="#也能使用atx-使用-来进行1-6阶的划分-如：" class="headerlink" title="也能使用atx 使用 # 来进行1-6阶的划分 如："></a>也能使用atx 使用 # 来进行1-6阶的划分 如：</h4><blockquote>
<p># This is an H1</p>
<p>## This is an H2</p>
</blockquote>
<p>效果</p>
<blockquote>
<h1 id="This-is-an-H1-1"><a href="#This-is-an-H1-1" class="headerlink" title="This is an H1"></a>This is an H1</h1><h2 id="This-is-an-H2-1"><a href="#This-is-an-H2-1" class="headerlink" title="This is an H2"></a>This is an H2</h2></blockquote>
<h3 id="区块引用"><a href="#区块引用" class="headerlink" title="区块引用"></a><strong>区块引用</strong></h3><div class="highlight-wrap"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="true"data-rel="PLAIN"><figure class="iseeu highlight /plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">> 区块应用 使用 > 符号进行标识 。</span><br><span class="line">能每行都使用 > 进行标识，也能只在第一行标识，两种效果相同。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>
<p>效果：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>区块应用 使用 <code>></code> 符号进行标识 。<br>能每行都使用 <code>></code> 进行标识，也能只在第一行标识，两种效果相同。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="列表"><a href="#列表" class="headerlink" title="列表"></a><strong>列表</strong></h3><ol>
<li>无序列表 可以使用*号或者+号或者-号都是一样的</li>
<li>有序列表 可以使用数字加英文.加空格使用有序列表</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="分割线"><a href="#分割线" class="headerlink" title="分割线"></a>分割线</h3><p>三个以上的<code>*</code>就是分割线,和三个<code>---</code>的效果相同。一般使用<code>---</code></p>
<hr>
<h3 id="链接"><a href="#链接" class="headerlink" title="链接"></a>链接</h3><p>Markdown 支持两种形式的链接语法： 行内式和参考式两种形式。</p>
<p>不管是哪一种，链接文字都是用 [方括号] 来标记。</p>
<p>要建立一个行内式的链接，只要在方块括号后面紧接着圆括号并插入网址链接即可，如果你还想要加上链接的 title 文字，只要在网址后面，用双引号把 title 文字包起来即可，例如：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>This is [an example](<a href="http://example.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://example.com/</a> “Title”) inline link.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>[This link](<a href="http://example.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://example.net/</a>) has no title attribute.</p>
</blockquote>
<p> 效果</p>
<p> This is <a href="http://example.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Title">an example</a> inline link.</p>
<p><a href="http://example.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This link</a> has no title attribute.</p>
<p>下面是一个参考式链接的范例：</p>
<p>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from<br>[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].</p>
<p>[1]: <a href="http://google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://google.com/</a> “Google”</p>
<p>[2]: <a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://search.yahoo.com/</a> “Yahoo Search”</p>
<p>[3]: <a href="http://search.msn.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://search.msn.com/</a> “MSN Search”</p>
<p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Google">Google</a> than from<br><a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a> or <a href="http://search.msn.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>
<h3 id="强调"><a href="#强调" class="headerlink" title="强调"></a><strong>强调</strong></h3><p>使用两个*<em>或者_表示强调 使用一个</em>或者一个_表示斜体</p>
<p>如： <strong>helloworld</strong> <em>helloworld</em></p>
<h3 id="代码"><a href="#代码" class="headerlink" title="代码"></a><strong>代码</strong></h3><p>使用`符号来使用代码块<br>行内代码使用`包起来 如 <code>print()</code></p>
<p>可以使用三个`+语言名称 来标注是哪种语言,能够使用特定的语法高亮（前提是编辑器支持）</p>
<h3 id="图片"><a href="#图片" class="headerlink" title="图片"></a><strong>图片</strong></h3><p>同样的图片也有行内式和参考式<br>向链接一样只不过在前面多个 !</p>
<h3 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="headerlink" title="其他"></a><strong>其他</strong></h3><p>大部分markdown编辑工具支持html语法，如常用的 <code><mark></mark></code> 使用起来<mark>效果就是这样</mark>.</p>
<p>同样加粗等语法可以使用对应的标签<code><b></b></code></p>
<h2 id="工具推荐"><a href="#工具推荐" class="headerlink" title="工具推荐"></a>工具推荐</h2><ul>
<li>windows、mac、linux上推荐 <code>typero</code>，可以实现编辑时预览，所见即所得。</li>
<li>其中mac还可以使用<code>macdown</code>工具，简洁好用。</li>
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