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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="">
<head>
<title>Taking your plot to the next level - themes, axes, and annotation</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="author" content="Laurie Baker" />
<script src="libs/header-attrs/header-attrs.js"></script>
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<link href="libs/panelset/panelset.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="libs/panelset/panelset.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../xaringan-themer.css" type="text/css" />
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</head>
<body>
<textarea id="source">
class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide
.title[
# Taking your plot to the next level - themes, axes, and annotation
]
.subtitle[
## <br><br> College of the Atlantic
]
.author[
### Laurie Baker
]
---
---
# Recap: How do we express visuals in words?
- **Data** to be visualized
--
- **`Aes`thetic mappings** from data to visual component
--
- **`Geom`etric objects** that appear on the plot
--
- **`Stat`istics** transform data on the way to visualization
--
- **`Coord`inates** organize location of geometric objects
--
- **`Scale`s** define the range of values for aesthetics
--
- **`Facet`s** group into subplots
--
- **`Theme`s** the visual elements of the plot not linked to the data
---
# Today's Focus
- **Theme**s: the visual elements of the plot not linked to the data
- **Geom**etric objects: `geom_vline` and `geom_hline`
- **Scale**s: define the range of values for aesthetics
- **Annotations:** text, highlight, etc.
---
## Packages
```r
library(tidyverse)
library(ggthemes)
library(gapminder)
```
---
# head(gapminder)
```
## # A tibble: 6 × 6
## country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap
## <fct> <fct> <int> <dbl> <int> <dbl>
## 1 Afghanistan Asia 1952 28.8 8425333 779.
## 2 Afghanistan Asia 1957 30.3 9240934 821.
## 3 Afghanistan Asia 1962 32.0 10267083 853.
## 4 Afghanistan Asia 1967 34.0 11537966 836.
## 5 Afghanistan Asia 1972 36.1 13079460 740.
## 6 Afghanistan Asia 1977 38.4 14880372 786.
```
---
# glimpse(gapminder)
```
Rows: 1,704
Columns: 6
$ country <fct> "Afghanistan", "Afghanistan", "Afghanistan", …
$ continent <fct> Asia, Asia, Asia, Asia, Asia, Asia, Asia, Asi…
$ year <int> 1952, 1957, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1982, 198…
$ lifeExp <dbl> 28.801, 30.332, 31.997, 34.020, 36.088, 38.43…
$ pop <int> 8425333, 9240934, 10267083, 11537966, 1307946…
$ gdpPercap <dbl> 779.4453, 820.8530, 853.1007, 836.1971, 739.9…
```
---
# Life Expectancy
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
(p1 <- gapminder |>
filter(continent == "Asia") |>
ggplot(aes(x = year,
y = lifeExp,
group = country)) +
geom_line() +
labs(x = "Year",
y = "Life Expectancy (years)",
title = "Life Expectancy in Asia"))
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# themes - black and white
```r
p1 + theme_bw()
```
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
# themes - dark
```r
p1 + theme_dark()
```
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
# themes - minimal
```r
p1 + theme_minimal()
```
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
# themes - build your own
.right-column[
Huge number of parameters, grouped by plot area:
- Global options: `line`, `rect`, `text`, `title`
- `axis`: x-, y- or other axis title, ticks, lines
- `legend`: Plot legends
- `panel`: Actual plot area
- `plot`: Whole image
- `strip`: Facet labels
]
---
# themes - build your own
.right-column[
Theme options are supported by helper functions:
- `element_blank()` removes the element
- `element_line()`
- `element_rect()`
- `element_text()`
```r
my_theme <- theme_bw() + theme(text = element_text(color = "hotpink", size = 20), axis.ticks.x = element_blank())
```
```
]
---
.right-column[
```r
p1 + my_theme
```
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
# ggthemes - Economist
```r
p1 + theme_economist()
```
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
# Life Expectancy - highlight
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
(p1 <- p1 +
geom_line(data = gapminder |> filter(country == "Cambodia"),
color = "orange",
lwd = 2,
aes(x = year,
y = lifeExp,
group = country)) +
theme_bw())
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
- [Cambodian Genocide](https://sfi.usc.edu/collections/cambodian-genocide)
---
# Add annotations with `geom_vline`
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
(p1 <- p1 +
geom_vline(xintercept = 1975, linetype = "dotted", color = "red") +
geom_vline(xintercept = 1979, linetype = "dotted", color = "red"))
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Add annotations with `annotate`
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
p1 +
annotate("rect",
xmin = 1975,
xmax = 1979,
ymin = 0,
ymax = 100,
alpha = 0.2,
fill = "red")
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Scales
.left-column[
```r
+ scale_*_*()
```
]
.right-column[
`scale` + `_` + `<aes>` + `_` + `<type>` + `()`
`<aes>` = parameter to adjust; `<type>` = Parameter Type
]
---
# Rescale y-axis as log `scale_y_log10()`
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
p1 +
annotate("rect", xmin = 1975, xmax = 1979, ymin = 0, ymax = 100, alpha = 0.2, fill = "red") +
scale_y_log10()
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
```
## Warning: Transformation introduced infinite values in continuous
## y-axis
```
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Change x-axis `scale_x_continuous()`
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
p1 +
annotate("rect", xmin = 1975, xmax = 1979, ymin = 0, ymax = 100, alpha = 0.2, fill = "red") +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(from = 1952, to = 2007, by = 5))
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Annotation - geom_text
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
p1 +
annotate("rect",
xmin = 1975,
xmax = 1979,
ymin = 0,
ymax = 100,
alpha = 0.2,
fill = "red") +
geom_text(aes(x = 1985, y = 25),
label = "Khmer Rouge")
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Annotation - geom_text
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
(p2 <- gapminder |>
filter(country == "Portugal") |>
ggplot(aes(x = year,
y = lifeExp)) +
geom_point() +
labs(x = "Year",
y = "Life Expectancy (years)")) +
geom_text(aes(label = year))
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-16-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Annotation - geom_text
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
(p2 <- gapminder |>
filter(country == "Portugal") |>
ggplot(aes(x = year,
y = lifeExp)) +
geom_point() +
labs(x = "Year",
y = "Life Expectancy (years)",
title = "Life Expectancy in Portugal over time") +
geom_text(aes(label = year), nudge_x = 3.75, nudge_y = -0.3))
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-17-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Annotation - gghighlight
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
gapminder |>
ggplot(aes(x = year,
y = lifeExp,
group = country,
color = continent)) +
geom_line() +
labs(x = "Year",
y = "Life Expectancy (years)") +
gghighlight(mean(lifeExp) > 75)
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-18-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Annotation - gghighlight
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
gapminder |>
ggplot(aes(x = year,
y = lifeExp,
group = country,
color = continent)) +
geom_line() +
labs(x = "Year",
y = "Life Expectancy (years)") +
facet_wrap(~continent) +
gghighlight(mean(lifeExp) > 74.5)
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-19-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Annotation - gghighlight
.panelset[
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Code</div>
```r
gapminder |>
ggplot(aes(x = year,
y = lifeExp,
group = country,
color = continent)) +
geom_line() +
labs(x = "Year",
y = "Life Expectancy (years)") +
gghighlight(min(lifeExp) < 40 & max(lifeExp) > 70)
```
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-name">Plot</div>
<img src="u5-d10-axes-themes_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-20-1.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
</div>
]
---
# Your Turn
- Create your own plot highlighting a county of interest and a labelled historical event.
</textarea>
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