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<h2 id="S2036-Summary">Summary</h2>Forced double OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution (similar to S2-029)<div class="table-wrap"><table class="confluenceTable"><tbody><tr><th class="confluenceTh"><p>Who should read this</p></th><td class="confluenceTd"><p>All Struts 2 developers and users</p></td></tr><tr><th class="confluenceTh"><p>Impact of vulnerability</p></th><td class="confluenceTd"><p>Possible Remote Code Execution vulnerability</p></td></tr><tr><th class="confluenceTh"><p>Maximum security rating</p></th><td class="confluenceTd"><p>Medium</p></td></tr><tr><th class="confluenceTh"><p>Recommendation</p></th><td class="confluenceTd"><p>Always validate incoming parameters' values when re-assigning them to certain Struts' tags attributes.</p><p>Don't use %{...} syntax in tag attributes other than <em>value</em> unless you have a valid use-case.</p><p>Alternatively upgrade to <a href="versionnotes2.3.html">Struts 2.3.29</a> or <a href="javascript:;">Struts 2.5.1</a></p></td></tr><tr><th class="confluenceTh"><p>Affected Software</p></th><td class="confluenceTd"><p>Struts 2.0.0 - Struts<span style="color: rgb(23,35,59);"> 2.3.28.1</span></p></td></tr><tr><th class="confluenceTh"><p>Reporters</p></th><td class="confluenceTd"><span class="Apple-tab-span"><span>Alvaro</span> </span>Munoz alvaro dot munoz at hpe.com</td></tr><tr><th class="confluenceTh"><p>CVE Identifier</p></th><td class="confluenceTd"><p>CVE-2016-4461</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><h2 id="S2036-Problem">Problem</h2><p>The same issue was reported in <a href="s2-029.html">S2-029</a> but the proposed solutions were not fully proper. The Apache Struts frameworks when forced, performs double evaluation of attributes' values assigned to certain tags so it is possible to pass in a value that will be evaluated again when a tag's attributes will be rendered.</p><h2 id="S2036-Solution">Solution</h2><p>Adding a proper validation of each value that's coming in and it's used in tag's attributes.</p><p>Don't use forced evaluation of an attribute other than <em>value</em> using %{...} syntax unless really needed for a valid use-case. </p><p>By <span style="line-height: 1.42857;">upgrading to Struts 2.3.29 or 2.5.1, possible malicious effects of forced double evaluation are limited.</span></p><h2 id="S2036-Backwardcompatibility">Backward compatibility</h2><p>Some backward incompatibility issues are expected when upgrading to Struts 2.3.29 - it can happen that some OGNL expressions stop working because of performing disallowed arithmetic operations and assigments.</p><h2 id="S2036-Workaround">Workaround</h2><p>Not possible as this fix requires changes in OGNL and how Struts uses OGNL in certain aspects.</p><p> </p>
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