# note there are two types of style for plotting with matplotib
# one is object oriented and other is functional style,
# the following codes uses object oriented style of ploting with matplotlib
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# setup figure
fig,ax = plt.subplots()
# `x`, `u1` and `u2` are 1D arrays
# plot lines
linu1,= ax.plot(x,u1,label='u$_1$', linewidth=2)
linu2,= ax.plot(x,u2,label='u$_2$', linewidth=2)
ax.legend( fontsize=13)
# set axes limites
ax.set_xlim([0,6])
ax.set_ylim([-.5,18])
# set axes labels, labelpad is offset of the label from the axis
ax.set_xlabel('y (\AA)$ ', fontsize=21, labelpad=10)
ax.set_ylabel('x', fontsize=21, labelpad=10)
# set axis tics properties
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=13)
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='minor', labelsize=8)
ax.set_xticks(xTickArr)
ax.set_xticklabels(xLabelsArr)
ax.set_yticks(xTickArr)
ax.set_yticklabels(xLabelsArr)
plt.show()ax.plot(x, x**2, 'b-') # blue line
ax.plot(x, x**2, 'b.-') # blue line with dots
ax.plot(x, x**3, 'g--') # green dashed line
ax.plot(x, x**3, 'g--',alpha=0.5) # half transparent
ax.plot(x, x**2, color="blue", linestyle='-', marker='.') # same as above second
ax.plot(x, x**2, color="blue", linestyle='-', marker='.' , linewidth=2) # thicker line
# possible linestype options ‘-‘, ‘–’, ‘-.’, ‘:’, ‘steps’
# possible marker symbols: marker = '+', 'o', '*', 's', ',', '.', '1', '2', '3', '4', ...
# `linewidth` or `lw` and `linestyle` or `ls` are same keyword
# all common options
ax.plot(x, x+16,
color="purple",
lw=1,
ls='-',
marker='s',
markersize=8,
markerfacecolor="yellow",
markeredgewidth=3,
markeredgecolor="green")Most of the appearance for matplotlib can be configured through the rcParams:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams.update({
"text.usetex": True,
# "font.family": "Helvetica",
'text.latex.preamble':r'\usepackage{sfmath} \boldmath',
"lines.linewidth":1,
'ytick.labelsize': 13,
'xtick.labelsize': 13,
'ytick.right': True,
'ytick.direction': 'in',
'ytick.major.size':5,
'xtick.major.size':5
})Here is the full list of available rcParams
'_internal.classic_mode': False,
'agg.path.chunksize': 0,
'animation.bitrate': -1,
'animation.codec': 'h264',
'animation.convert_args': [],
'animation.convert_path': 'convert',
'animation.embed_limit': 20.0,
'animation.ffmpeg_args': [],
'animation.ffmpeg_path': 'ffmpeg',
'animation.frame_format': 'png',
'animation.html': 'none',
'animation.writer': 'ffmpeg',
'axes.autolimit_mode': 'data',
'axes.axisbelow': 'line',
'axes.edgecolor': 'black',
'axes.facecolor': 'white',
'axes.formatter.limits': [-5, 6],
'axes.formatter.min_exponent': 0,
'axes.formatter.offset_threshold': 4,
'axes.formatter.use_locale': False,
'axes.formatter.use_mathtext': False,
'axes.formatter.useoffset': True,
'axes.grid': False,
'axes.grid.axis': 'both',
'axes.grid.which': 'major',
'axes.labelcolor': 'black',
'axes.labelpad': 4.0,
'axes.labelsize': 'medium',
'axes.labelweight': 'normal',
'axes.linewidth': 0.8,
'axes.prop_cycle': cycler('color', ['#1f77b4', '#ff7f0e', '#2ca02c', '#d62728', '#9467bd', '#8c564b', '#e377c2', '#7f7f7f', '#bcbd22', '#17becf']),
'axes.spines.bottom': True,
'axes.spines.left': True,
'axes.spines.right': True,
'axes.spines.top': True,
'axes.titlecolor': 'auto',
'axes.titlelocation': 'center',
'axes.titlepad': 6.0,
'axes.titlesize': 'large',
'axes.titleweight': 'normal',
'axes.titley': None,
'axes.unicode_minus': True,
'axes.xmargin': 0.05,
'axes.ymargin': 0.05,
'axes.zmargin': 0.05,
'axes3d.grid': True,
'backend': 'QtAgg',
'backend_fallback': True,
'boxplot.bootstrap': None,
'boxplot.boxprops.color': 'black',
'boxplot.boxprops.linestyle': '-',
'boxplot.boxprops.linewidth': 1.0,
'boxplot.capprops.color': 'black',
'boxplot.capprops.linestyle': '-',
'boxplot.capprops.linewidth': 1.0,
'boxplot.flierprops.color': 'black',
'boxplot.flierprops.linestyle': 'none',
'boxplot.flierprops.linewidth': 1.0,
'boxplot.flierprops.marker': 'o',
'boxplot.flierprops.markeredgecolor': 'black',
'boxplot.flierprops.markeredgewidth': 1.0,
'boxplot.flierprops.markerfacecolor': 'none',
'boxplot.flierprops.markersize': 6.0,
'boxplot.meanline': False,
'boxplot.meanprops.color': 'C2',
'boxplot.meanprops.linestyle': '--',
'boxplot.meanprops.linewidth': 1.0,
'boxplot.meanprops.marker': '^',
'boxplot.meanprops.markeredgecolor': 'C2',
'boxplot.meanprops.markerfacecolor': 'C2',
'boxplot.meanprops.markersize': 6.0,
'boxplot.medianprops.color': 'C1',
'boxplot.medianprops.linestyle': '-',
'boxplot.medianprops.linewidth': 1.0,
'boxplot.notch': False,
'boxplot.patchartist': False,
'boxplot.showbox': True,
'boxplot.showcaps': True,
'boxplot.showfliers': True,
'boxplot.showmeans': False,
'boxplot.vertical': True,
'boxplot.whiskerprops.color': 'black',
'boxplot.whiskerprops.linestyle': '-',
'boxplot.whiskerprops.linewidth': 1.0,
'boxplot.whiskers': 1.5,
'contour.corner_mask': True,
'contour.linewidth': None,
'contour.negative_linestyle': 'dashed',
'date.autoformatter.day': '%Y-%m-%d',
'date.autoformatter.hour': '%m-%d %H',
'date.autoformatter.microsecond': '%M:%S.%f',
'date.autoformatter.minute': '%d %H:%M',
'date.autoformatter.month': '%Y-%m',
'date.autoformatter.second': '%H:%M:%S',
'date.autoformatter.year': '%Y',
'date.converter': 'auto',
'date.epoch': '1970-01-01T00:00:00',
'date.interval_multiples': True,
'docstring.hardcopy': False,
'errorbar.capsize': 0.0,
'figure.autolayout': False,
'figure.constrained_layout.h_pad': 0.04167,
'figure.constrained_layout.hspace': 0.02,
'figure.constrained_layout.use': False,
'figure.constrained_layout.w_pad': 0.04167,
'figure.constrained_layout.wspace': 0.02,
'figure.dpi': 100.0,
'figure.edgecolor': 'white',
'figure.facecolor': 'white',
'figure.figsize': [6.4, 4.8],
'figure.frameon': True,
'figure.max_open_warning': 20,
'figure.raise_window': True,
'figure.subplot.bottom': 0.11,
'figure.subplot.hspace': 0.2,
'figure.subplot.left': 0.125,
'figure.subplot.right': 0.9,
'figure.subplot.top': 0.88,
'figure.subplot.wspace': 0.2,
'figure.titlesize': 'large',
'figure.titleweight': 'normal',
'font.cursive': ['Apple Chancery',
'Textile',
'Zapf Chancery',
'Sand',
'Script MT',
'Felipa',
'Comic Neue',
'Comic Sans MS',
'cursive'],
'font.family': ['sans-serif'],
'font.fantasy': ['Chicago',
'Charcoal',
'Impact',
'Western',
'Humor Sans',
'xkcd',
'fantasy'],
'font.monospace': ['DejaVu Sans Mono',
'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',
'Computer Modern Typewriter',
'Andale Mono',
'Nimbus Mono L',
'Courier New',
'Courier',
'Fixed',
'Terminal',
'monospace'],
'font.sans-serif': ['DejaVu Sans',
'Bitstream Vera Sans',
'Computer Modern Sans Serif',
'Lucida Grande',
'Verdana',
'Geneva',
'Lucid',
'Arial',
'Helvetica',
'Avant Garde',
'sans-serif'],
'font.serif': ['DejaVu Serif',
'Bitstream Vera Serif',
'Computer Modern Roman',
'New Century Schoolbook',
'Century Schoolbook L',
'Utopia',
'ITC Bookman',
'Bookman',
'Nimbus Roman No9 L',
'Times New Roman',
'Times',
'Palatino',
'Charter',
'serif'],
'font.size': 10.0,
'font.stretch': 'normal',
'font.style': 'normal',
'font.variant': 'normal',
'font.weight': 'normal',
'grid.alpha': 1.0,
'grid.color': '#b0b0b0',
'grid.linestyle': '-',
'grid.linewidth': 0.8,
'hatch.color': 'black',
'hatch.linewidth': 1.0,
'hist.bins': 10,
'image.aspect': 'equal',
'image.cmap': 'viridis',
'image.composite_image': True,
'image.interpolation': 'antialiased',
'image.lut': 256,
'image.origin': 'upper',
'image.resample': True,
'interactive': False,
'keymap.back': ['left', 'c', 'backspace', 'MouseButton.BACK'],
'keymap.copy': ['ctrl+c', 'cmd+c'],
'keymap.forward': ['right', 'v', 'MouseButton.FORWARD'],
'keymap.fullscreen': ['f', 'ctrl+f'],
'keymap.grid': ['g'],
'keymap.grid_minor': ['G'],
'keymap.help': ['f1'],
'keymap.home': ['h', 'r', 'home'],
'keymap.pan': ['p'],
'keymap.quit': ['ctrl+w', 'cmd+w', 'q'],
'keymap.quit_all': [],
'keymap.save': ['s', 'ctrl+s'],
'keymap.xscale': ['k', 'L'],
'keymap.yscale': ['l'],
'keymap.zoom': ['o'],
'legend.borderaxespad': 0.5,
'legend.borderpad': 0.4,
'legend.columnspacing': 2.0,
'legend.edgecolor': '0.8',
'legend.facecolor': 'inherit',
'legend.fancybox': True,
'legend.fontsize': 'medium',
'legend.framealpha': 0.8,
'legend.frameon': True,
'legend.handleheight': 0.7,
'legend.handlelength': 2.0,
'legend.handletextpad': 0.8,
'legend.labelcolor': 'None',
'legend.labelspacing': 0.5,
'legend.loc': 'best',
'legend.markerscale': 1.0,
'legend.numpoints': 1,
'legend.scatterpoints': 1,
'legend.shadow': False,
'legend.title_fontsize': None,
'lines.antialiased': True,
'lines.color': 'C0',
'lines.dash_capstyle': <CapStyle.butt: 'butt'>,
'lines.dash_joinstyle': <JoinStyle.round: 'round'>,
'lines.dashdot_pattern': [6.4, 1.6, 1.0, 1.6],
'lines.dashed_pattern': [3.7, 1.6],
'lines.dotted_pattern': [1.0, 1.65],
'lines.linestyle': '-',
'lines.linewidth': 1.5,
'lines.marker': 'None',
'lines.markeredgecolor': 'auto',
'lines.markeredgewidth': 1.0,
'lines.markerfacecolor': 'auto',
'lines.markersize': 6.0,
'lines.scale_dashes': True,
'lines.solid_capstyle': <CapStyle.projecting: 'projecting'>,
'lines.solid_joinstyle': <JoinStyle.round: 'round'>,
'markers.fillstyle': 'full',
'mathtext.bf': 'sans:bold',
'mathtext.cal': 'cursive',
'mathtext.default': 'it',
'mathtext.fallback': 'cm',
'mathtext.fontset': 'dejavusans',
'mathtext.it': 'sans:italic',
'mathtext.rm': 'sans',
'mathtext.sf': 'sans',
'mathtext.tt': 'monospace',
'patch.antialiased': True,
'patch.edgecolor': 'black',
'patch.facecolor': 'C0',
'patch.force_edgecolor': False,
'patch.linewidth': 1.0,
'path.effects': [],
'path.simplify': True,
'path.simplify_threshold': 0.111111111111,
'path.sketch': None,
'path.snap': True,
'pcolor.shading': 'auto',
'pcolormesh.snap': True,
'pdf.compression': 6,
'pdf.fonttype': 3,
'pdf.inheritcolor': False,
'pdf.use14corefonts': False,
'pgf.preamble': '',
'pgf.rcfonts': True,
'pgf.texsystem': 'xelatex',
'polaraxes.grid': True,
'ps.distiller.res': 6000,
'ps.fonttype': 3,
'ps.papersize': 'letter',
'ps.useafm': False,
'ps.usedistiller': None,
'savefig.bbox': None,
'savefig.directory': '~',
'savefig.dpi': 'figure',
'savefig.edgecolor': 'auto',
'savefig.facecolor': 'auto',
'savefig.format': 'png',
'savefig.orientation': 'portrait',
'savefig.pad_inches': 0.1,
'savefig.transparent': False,
'scatter.edgecolors': 'face',
'scatter.marker': 'o',
'svg.fonttype': 'path',
'svg.hashsalt': None,
'svg.image_inline': True,
'text.antialiased': True,
'text.color': 'black',
'text.hinting': 'force_autohint',
'text.hinting_factor': 8,
'text.kerning_factor': 0,
'text.latex.preamble': '',
'text.usetex': False,
'timezone': 'UTC',
'tk.window_focus': False,
'toolbar': 'toolbar2',
'webagg.address': '127.0.0.1',
'webagg.open_in_browser': True,
'webagg.port': 8988,
'webagg.port_retries': 50,
'xaxis.labellocation': 'center',
'xtick.alignment': 'center',
'xtick.bottom': True,
'xtick.color': 'black',
'xtick.direction': 'out',
'xtick.labelbottom': True,
'xtick.labelcolor': 'inherit',
'xtick.labelsize': 'medium',
'xtick.labeltop': False,
'xtick.major.bottom': True,
'xtick.major.pad': 3.5,
'xtick.major.size': 3.5,
'xtick.major.top': True,
'xtick.major.width': 0.8,
'xtick.minor.bottom': True,
'xtick.minor.pad': 3.4,
'xtick.minor.size': 2.0,
'xtick.minor.top': True,
'xtick.minor.visible': False,
'xtick.minor.width': 0.6,
'xtick.top': False,
'yaxis.labellocation': 'center',
'ytick.alignment': 'center_baseline',
'ytick.color': 'black',
'ytick.direction': 'out',
'ytick.labelcolor': 'inherit',
'ytick.labelleft': True,
'ytick.labelright': False,
'ytick.labelsize': 'medium',
'ytick.left': True,
'ytick.major.left': True,
'ytick.major.pad': 3.5,
'ytick.major.right': True,
'ytick.major.size': 3.5,
'ytick.major.width': 0.8,
'ytick.minor.left': True,
'ytick.minor.pad': 3.4,
'ytick.minor.right': True,
'ytick.minor.size': 2.0,
'ytick.minor.visible': False,
'ytick.minor.width': 0.6,
'ytick.right': False
# Label font properties
ax.set_xlabel('X', fontdict={'fontsize': 8, 'fontweight': 'medium','fontname':"Serif"})
# Legend font properties
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager
font = font_manager.FontProperties(family='Comic Sans MS',
weight='bold',
style='normal',
size=32)
ax.legend(title="My Title", prop=font, title_fontproperties=font,)
#^ legend text and title are configured seperatelyax.annotate('Label',
xy=(x, y),
xytext=(x, y),
rotation=90,
fontsize=15, fontweight='bold', fontstyle='italic', family="Times New Roman"
bbox=dict( boxstyle='round',facecolor='white'),
arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05, width=1,headwidth=10,arrowstyle="->")),
)import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams.update({
"text.usetex": True,
"font.family": "Helvetica",
'text.latex.preamble':r'\usepackage{sfmath} \boldmath',
"lines.linewidth":1,
'ytick.labelsize': 13,
'xtick.labelsize': 13,
'ytick.right': True,
'ytick.direction': 'in',
'ytick.major.size':5,
'xtick.major.size':5
})
# Create the figure and axis objects for 6 plots with 3 row and 2 columns
fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2, figsize=(10, 10))
# ticks position and labels
xTicksPosition = [...]
xTicksLabel = [...]
yTicksPosition = [...]
yTicksLabel = [...]
for (i,j),ax_ in np.ndenumerate(ax): # enumerate over the axes
ax_.set_xlim([0,10])
ax_.set_ylim([0,10])
ax_.set_xticks(xTicksPosition)
ax_.set_yticks(yTicksPosition)
if i==1:#last row the xtikcs and xlable
ax_.set_xticklabels(xTicksLabel)
ax_.set_xlabel('y',fontsize=21)
else:
ax_.set_xticklabels(['' for _ in xTicksLabel])
if j==0: # first column set y ticks
ax_.set_yticklabels(yTicksLabel)
else:
ax_.set_yticklabels(["" for _ in yTicksLabel])
# a utility function that takes the axis and does the plot
def plotLine(axis,data,*args):
x,y1,y2,y3,y4 = data # create or load the data for this axis
# also annote the index if required
axis.annotate(annot,xy=(1,9),fontsize=15, family="Times New Roman")
return axis.plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3,x,y4) # returns the lines objects, here two lines
# plot the lines
plotLine(ax[0,0],data1,"(a)")
plotLine(ax[0,1],data2,"(b)")
plotLine(ax[1,0],data3,"(c)")
lines = plotLine(ax[1,1],data4,"(d)") # capture any line object to draw the legend
fig.legend(
handles=lines, # using the line objects to get the plot properties
labels=['$u_1$','$u_2$','$u_3$','$u_4$','$u_5$','$u_6$'], # lables can also be given in the plot command itself
ncol=6, # 6 legends for 6 plots in a single line
fontsize=15,
loc="lower center",
shadow=True
)
# global y axis for all the plot
fig.text(0.04, 0.5, 'Adiabatic PES (eV)', va='center', rotation='vertical',fontsize=15)
fig.tight_layout()
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.1,bottom=0.1,top=0.95, right= 0.95)
plt.savefig("plot.eps")
plt.show()fig, ax0 = plt.subplots(1)
levels = np.unique(np.percentile(z,np.linspace(0,100,20)))
# levels is any monotonically increasing array to specify the contour level,
# the percentile is a quick way to calculate some proper levels for the data
# otherwise use a userdefined array for the contour labels
cp = ax0.contour(x, y, z, levels = levels, linewidths=1.3,colors='black')#, linestyles='solid')
# x,y,z are all 2D arrays for surface plot data
ax0.clabel(cp, inline=True,manual=True,inline_spacing=1,fontsize=13,fmt='%.3f',colors='black')
# manual True means you have to manually specify the contour label position by clicking on it
# `fmt` can be a function that returns the label string by taking the label value as input
# if you want to use legend with the contour plot, useful for multiple surface contour
lines = [ cp.collections[0]]
labels = ['sample data']
plt.legend(lines, labels, fontsize=15 )cp = ax0.contourf(x, y, z,levels = levels, cmap='RdYlGn_r', norm=matplotlib.colors.BoundaryNorm(levels,256))
# x,y,z are 2D array for surface data
# levels is a monotonically increasing array
# choose any of the available `cmap`s
# Chose a `norm` type for proper color normalization appropriate for the current data https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/colors/colormapnorms.html
# put a color bar for the filled contour
cbar = plt.colorbar(cp,ticks=levels, orientation='verticle')
cbar.ax.set_yticklabels([ '{:.2f}'.format(i) for i in levels])
# use xtickslables for horaizontal colorbar
cbar.ax.tick_params(labelsize=15)
cbar.ax.get_yaxis().labelpad = 30
cbar.ax.set_ylabel('Energy (eV)', rotation=270,fontsize=25)import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation
# initialize the plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
xdata, ydata = [], []
ln, = ax.plot([], [], 'ro')
ax.set_ylim(-1, 1)
ax.set_xlim(0, 2*np.pi)
# some sample data
xdata = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 128)
ydata = np.sin(np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 128))
def update(i):
# Input `i` is each value of the iterable,
# passed to the frames argument of FuncAnimation
# get the updated data somehow
x = xdata[:i]
y = ydata[:i]
ln.set_data(x,y) # update data in plot
return ln,
ani = FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=range(128), blit=True)
plt.show()import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
N = 100
# some random data just for plotting
x = np.random.rand(N)
y = np.random.rand(N)
plt.ion()
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
line1, = ax.plot(x, y, 'r-')
for _ in range(50):
# update the data in the line object
line1.set_ydata(np.random.rand(N))
line1.set_xdata(np.random.rand(N))
# update the figure
fig.canvas.draw()
fig.canvas.flush_events()