+
+
+
+
+
+
+This project follows the [all-contributors](https://github.com/all-contributors/all-contributors) specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7226a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,871 @@
+
+## 5.6.1 (2023-09-18)
+
+#### Changed
+
+- Converted all exercises with assertions to test mode.
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- `cow1`: Reverted regression introduced by calling `to_mut` where it
+ shouldn't have been called, and clarified comment.
+- `primitive_types3`: Require at least an array of 100 elements.
+- Removed hint comments when no hint exists for the exercise.
+- `as_ref_mut`: Fixed a typo in a test function name.
+- `enums3`: Fixed formatting with `rustfmt`.
+
+
+## 5.6.0 (2023-09-04)
+
+#### Added
+
+- New exercise: `if3`, teaching the user about `if let` statements.
+- `hashmaps2`: Added an extra test function to check if the amount of fruits is higher than zero.
+- `enums3`: Added a test for `Message`.
+- `if1`: Added a test case to check equal values.
+- `if3`: Added a note specifying that there are no test changes needed.
+
+#### Changed
+
+- Swapped the order of threads and smart pointer exercises.
+- Rewrote the CLI to use `clap` - it's matured much since we switched to `argh` :)
+- `structs3`: Switched from i32 to u32.
+- `move_semantics`: Switched 1-4 to tests, and rewrote them to be way simpler, while still teaching about the same
+ concepts.
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- `iterators5`:
+ - Removed an outdated part of the hint.
+ - Renamed variables to use snake_case.
+- `vecs2`: Updated the hint to reference the renamed loop variable.
+- `enums3`: Changed message string in test so that it gets properly tested.
+- `strings2`: Corrected line number in hint, then removed it (this both happened as part of this release cycle).
+- `primitive_types4`: Updated hint to the correct ending index.
+- `quiz1`: Removed duplicated sentence from exercise comments.
+- `errors4`: Improved comment.
+- `from_into`: Fixed test values.
+- `cow1`: Added `.to_mut()` to distinguish from the previous test case.
+- `threads2`: Updated hint text to reference the correct book heading.
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Cleaned up the explanation paragraphs at the start of each exercise.
+- Lots of Nix housekeeping that I don't feel qualified to write about!
+- Improved CI workflows, we're now testing on multiple platforms at once.
+
+
+## 5.5.1 (2023-05-17)
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- Reverted `rust-project.json` path generation due to an upstream `rust-analyzer` fix.
+
+
+## 5.5.0 (2023-05-17)
+
+#### Added
+
+- `strings2`: Added a reference to the book chapter for reference conversion
+- `lifetimes`: Added a link to the lifetimekata project
+- Added a new `tests4` exercises, which teaches about testing for panics
+- Added a `!` prefix command to watch mode that runs an external command
+- Added a `--success-hints` option to watch mode that shows hints on exercise success
+
+#### Changed
+
+- `vecs2`: Renamed iterator variable bindings for clarify
+- `lifetimes`: Changed order of book references
+- `hashmaps2`: Clarified instructions in the todo block
+- Moved lifetime exercises before test exercises (via the recommended book ordering)
+- `options2`: Improved tests for layering options
+- `modules2`: Added more information to the hint
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- `errors2`: Corrected a comment wording
+- `iterators2`: Fixed a spelling mistake in the hint text
+- `variables`: Wrapped the mut keyword with backticks for readability
+- `move_semantics2`: Removed references to line numbers
+- `cow1`: Clarified the `owned_no_mutation` comments
+- `options3`: Changed exercise to panic when no match is found
+- `rustlings lsp` now generates absolute paths, which should fix VSCode `rust-analyzer` usage on Windows
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Added a markdown linter to run on GitHub actions
+- Split quick installation section into two code blocks
+
+
+## 5.4.1 (2023-03-10)
+
+#### Changed
+
+- `vecs`: Added links to `iter_mut` and `map` to README.md
+- `cow1`: Changed main to tests
+- `iterators1`: Formatted according to rustfmt
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- `errors5`: Unified undisclosed type notation
+- `arc1`: Improved readability by avoiding implicit dereference
+- `macros4`: Prevented auto-fix by adding `#[rustfmt::skip]`
+- `cli`: Actually show correct progress percentages
+
+
+
+## 5.4.0 (2023-02-12)
+
+#### Changed
+
+- Reordered exercises
+ - Unwrapped `standard_library_types` into `iterators` and `smart_pointers`
+ - Moved smart pointer exercises behind threads
+ - Ordered `rc1` before `arc1`
+- **intro1**: Added a note on `rustlings lsp`
+- **threads1**: Panic if threads are not joined
+- **cli**:
+ - Made progress bar update proportional to amount of files verified
+ - Decreased `watch` delay from 2 to 1 second
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- Capitalized "Rust" in exercise hints
+- **enums3**: Removed superfluous tuple brackets
+- **quiz2, clippy1, iterators1**: Fixed a typo
+- **rc1**: Fixed a prompt error
+- **cli**:
+ - Fixed a typo in a method name
+ - Specified the edition in `rustc` commands
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Bumped min Rust version to 1.58 in installation script
+
+
+
+## 5.3.0 (2022-12-23)
+
+#### Added
+
+- **cli**: Added a percentage display in watch mode
+- Added a `flake.nix` for Nix users
+
+#### Changed
+
+- **structs3**: Added an additional test
+- **macros**: Added a link to MacroKata in the README
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- **strings3**: Added a link to `std` in the hint
+- **threads1**: Corrected a hint link
+- **iterators1**: Clarified hint steps
+- **errors5**: Fix a typo in the hint
+- **options1**: Clarified on the usage of the 24-hour system
+- **threads2, threads3**: Explicitly use `Arc::clone`
+- **structs3**: Clarifed the hint
+- **quiz2, as_ref_mut, options1, traits1, traits2**: Clarified hints
+- **traits1, traits2, cli**: Tidied up unmatching backticks
+- **enums2**: Removed unneccessary indirection of self
+- **enums3**: Added an extra tuple comment
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Added a VSCode extension recommendation
+- Applied some Clippy and rustfmt formatting
+- Added a note on Windows PowerShell and other shell compatibility
+
+
+
+## 5.2.1 (2022-09-06)
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- **quiz1**: Reworded the comment to actually reflect what's going on in the tests.
+ Also added another assert just to make sure.
+- **rc1**: Fixed a typo in the hint.
+- **lifetimes**: Add quotes to the `println!` output, for readability.
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Fixed a typo in README.md
+
+
+
+## 5.2.0 (2022-08-27)
+
+#### Added
+
+- Added a `reset` command
+
+#### Changed
+
+- **options2**: Convert the exercise to use tests
+
+#### Fixed
+
+- **threads3**: Fixed a typo
+- **quiz1**: Adjusted the explanations to be consistent with
+ the tests
+
+
+
+## 5.1.1 (2022-08-17)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Fixed an incorrect assertion in options1
+
+
+
+## 5.1.0 (2022-08-16)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Added a new `rc1` exercise.
+- Added a new `cow1` exercise.
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **variables5**: Corrected reference to previous exercise
+- **functions4**: Fixed line number reference
+- **strings3**: Clarified comment wording
+- **traits4, traits5**: Fixed line number reference
+- **traits5**:
+ - Fixed typo in "parameter"
+ - Made exercise prefer a traits-based solution
+- **lifetimes2**: Improved hint
+- **threads3**: Fixed typo in hint
+- **box1**: Replaced `unimplemented!` with `todo!`
+- **errors5**: Provided an explanation for usage of `Box`
+- **quiz2**: Fixed a typo
+- **macros**: Updated the macros book link
+- **options1**:
+ - Removed unused code
+ - Added more granular tests
+- Fixed some comment syntax shenanigans in info.toml
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Fixed a typo in .editorconfig
+- Fixed a typo in integration_tests.rs
+- Clarified manual installation instructions using `cargo install --path .`
+- Added a link to our Zulip in the readme file
+
+
+
+## 5.0.0 (2022-07-16)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Hint comments in exercises now also include a reference to the
+ `hint` watch mode subcommand.
+- **intro1**: Added more hints to point the user to the source file.
+- **variables**: Switched variables3 and variables4.
+- Moved `vec` and `primitive_types` exercises before `move_semantics`.
+- Renamed `vec` to `vecs` to be more in line with the naming in general.
+- Split up the `collections` exercises in their own folders.
+- **vec2**: Added a second part of the function that provides an alternative,
+ immutable way of modifying vec values.
+- **enums3**: Added a hint.
+- Moved `strings` before `modules`.
+- Added a `strings3` exercise to teach modifying strings.
+- Added a `hashmaps3` exercise for some advanced usage of hashmaps.
+- Moved the original `quiz2` to be `strings4`, since it only tested strings
+ anyways.
+- Reworked `quiz2` into a new exercise that tests more chapters.
+- Renamed `option` to `options`.
+- **options1**: Rewrote parts of the exercise to remove the weird array
+ iteration stuff.
+- Moved `generics3` to be `quiz3`.
+- Moved box/arc exercises behind `iterators`.
+- **iterators4**: Added a test for factorials of zero.
+- Split `threads1` between two exercises, the first one focusing more on
+ `JoinHandle`s.
+- Added a `threads3` exercises that uses `std::sync::mpsc`.
+- Added a `clippy3` exercises with some more interesting checks.
+- **as_ref_mut**: Added a section that actually tests `AsMut`.
+- Added 3 new lifetimes exercises.
+- Added 3 new traits exercises.
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **variables2**: Made output messages more verbose.
+- **variables5**: Added a nudging hint about shadowing.
+- **variables6**: Fixed link to book.
+- **functions**: Clarified the README wording. Generally cleaned up
+ some hints and added some extra comments.
+- **if2**: Renamed function name to `foo_if_fizz`.
+- **move_semantics**: Clarified some hints.
+- **quiz1**: Renamed the function name to be more verbose.
+- **structs1**: Use an integer type instead of strings. Renamed "unit structs"
+ to "unit-like structs", as is used in the book.
+- **structs3**: Added the `panic!` statement in from the beginning.
+- **errors1**: Use `is_empty()` instead of `len() > 0`
+- **errors3**: Improved the hint.
+- **errors5**: Improved exercise instructions and the hint.
+- **errors6**: Provided the skeleton of one of the functions that's supposed
+ to be implemented.
+- **iterators3**: Inserted `todo!` into `divide()` to keep a compiler error
+ from happening.
+- **from_str**: Added a hint comment about string error message conversion with
+ `Box`.
+- **try_from_into**: Fixed the function name in comment.
+
+#### Removed
+
+- Removed the legacy LSP feature that was using `mod.rs` files.
+- Removed `quiz4`.
+- Removed `advanced_errs`. These were the last exercises in the recommended
+ order, and I've always felt like they didn't quite fit in with the mostly
+ simple, book-following style we've had in Rustlings.
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Added missing exercises to the book index.
+- Updated spacing in Cargo.toml.
+- Added a GitHub actions config so that tests run on every PR/commit.
+
+
+
+## 4.8.0 (2022-07-01)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Added a progress indicator for `rustlings watch`.
+- The installation script now checks for Rustup being installed.
+- Added a `rustlings lsp` command to enable `rust-analyzer`.
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **move_semantics5**: Replaced "in vogue" with "in scope" in hint.
+- **if2**: Fixed a typo in the hint.
+- **variables1**: Fixed an incorrect line reference in the hint.
+- Fixed an out of bounds check in the installation Bash script.
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Replaced the git.io URL with the fully qualified URL because of git.io's sunsetting.
+- Removed the deprecated Rust GitPod extension.
+
+
+
+## 4.7.1 (2022-04-20)
+
+#### Features
+
+- The amount of dependency crates that need to be compiled went down from ~65 to
+ ~45 by bumping dependency versions.
+- The minimum Rust version in the install scripts has been bumped to 1.56.0 (this isn't in
+ the release itself, since install scripts don't really get versioned)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **arc1**: A small part has been rewritten using a more functional code style (#968).
+- **using_as**: A small part has been refactored to use `sum` instead of `fold`, resulting
+ in better readability.
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- The changelog will now be manually written instead of being automatically generated by the
+ Git log.
+
+
+
+## 4.7.0 (2022-04-14)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Add move_semantics6.rs exercise (#908) ([3f0e1303](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3f0e1303e0b3bf3fecc0baced3c8b8a37f83c184))
+- **intro:** Add intro section. ([21c9f441](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/21c9f44168394e08338fd470b5f49b1fd235986f))
+- Include exercises folder in the project structure behind a feature, enabling rust-analyzer to work (#917) ([179a75a6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/179a75a68d03ac9518dec2297fb17f91a4fc506b))
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Fix a few spelling mistakes ([1c0fe3cb](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c0fe3cbcca85f90b3985985b8e265ee872a2ab2))
+- **cli:**
+ - Move long text strings into constants. ([f78c4802](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f78c48020830d7900dd8d81f355606581670446d))
+ - Replace `filter_map()` with `find_map()` ([9b27e8d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9b27e8d993ca20232fe38a412750c3f845a83b65))
+- **clippy1:**
+ - Set clippy::float_cmp lint to deny (#907) ([71a06044](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/71a06044e6a96ff756dc31d7b0ed665ae4badb57))
+ - Updated code to test correctness clippy lint with approx_constant lint rule ([f2650de3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f2650de369810867d2763e935ac0963c32ec420e))
+- **errors1:**
+ - Add a comment to make the purpose more clear (#486) ([cbcde345](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cbcde345409c3e550112e449242848eaa3391bb6))
+ - Don't modify tests (#958) ([60bb7cc](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/60bb7cc3931d21d3986ad52b2b302e632a93831c))
+- **errors6:** Remove existing answer code ([43d0623](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/43d0623086edbc46fe896ba59c7afa22c3da9f7a))
+- **functions5:** Remove wrong new line and small English improvements (#885) ([8ef4869b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8ef4869b264094e5a9b50452b4534823a9df19c3))
+- **install:** protect path with whitespaces using quotes and stop at the first error ([d114847f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d114847f256c5f571c0b4c87e04b04bce3435509))
+- **intro1:** Add compiler error explanation. ([9b8de655](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9b8de65525a5576b78cf0c8e4098cdd34296338f))
+- **iterators1:** reorder TODO steps ([0bd7a063](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0bd7a0631a17a9d69af5746795a30efc9cf64e6e))
+- **move_semantics2:** Add comment ([89650f80](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/89650f808af23a32c9a2c6d46592b77547a6a464))
+- **move_semantics5:** correct typo (#857) ([46c28d5c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/46c28d5cef3d8446b5a356b19d8dbc725f91a3a0))
+- **quiz1:** update to say quiz covers "If" ([1622e8c1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1622e8c198d89739765c915203efff0091bdeb78))
+- **structs3:**
+ - Add a hint for panic (#608) ([4f7ff5d9](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4f7ff5d9c7b2d8b045194c1a9469d37e30257c4a))
+ - remove redundant 'return' (#852) ([bf33829d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bf33829da240375d086f96267fc2e02fa6b07001))
+ - Assigned value to `cents_per_gram` in test ([d1ee2da](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d1ee2daf14f19105e6db3f9c610f44293d688532))
+- **structs3.rs:** assigned value to cents_per_gram in test ([d1ee2daf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d1ee2daf14f19105e6db3f9c610f44293d688532))
+- **traits1:** rename test functions to snake case (#854) ([1663a16e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1663a16eade6ca646b6ed061735f7982434d530d))
+
+#### Documentation improvements
+
+- Add hints on how to get GCC installed (#741) ([bc56861](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bc5686174463ad6f4f6b824b0e9b97c3039d4886))
+- Fix some code blocks that were not highlighted ([17f9d74](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/17f9d7429ccd133a72e815fb5618e0ce79560929))
+
+
+
+## 4.6.0 (2021-09-25)
+
+#### Features
+
+- add advanced_errs2 ([abd6b70c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/abd6b70c72dc6426752ff41f09160b839e5c449e))
+- add advanced_errs1 ([882d535b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/882d535ba8628d5e0b37e8664b3e2f26260b2671))
+- Add a farewell message when quitting `watch` ([1caef0b4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1caef0b43494c8b8cdd6c9260147e70d510f1aca))
+- add more watch commands ([a7dc080b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a7dc080b95e49146fbaafe6922a6de2f8cb1582a), closes [#842](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/842))
+- **modules:** update exercises, add modules3 (#822) ([dfd2fab4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dfd2fab4f33d1bf59e2e5ee03123c0c9a67a9481))
+- **quiz1:** add default function name in comment (#838) ([0a11bad7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0a11bad71402b5403143d642f439f57931278c07))
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Correct small typo in exercises/conversions/from_str.rs ([86cc8529](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/86cc85295ae36948963ae52882e285d7e3e29323))
+- **cli:** typo in exercise.rs (#848) ([06d5c097](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/06d5c0973a3dffa3c6c6f70acb775d4c6630323c))
+- **from_str, try_from_into:** custom error types ([2dc93cad](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2dc93caddad43821743e4903d89b355df58d7a49))
+- **modules2:** fix typo (#835) ([1c3beb0a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c3beb0a59178c950dc05fe8ee2346b017429ae0))
+- **move_semantics5:**
+ - change &mut \*y to &mut x (#814) ([d75759e8](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d75759e829fdcd64ef071cf4b6eae2a011a7718b))
+ - Clarify instructions ([df25684c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/df25684cb79f8413915e00b5efef29369849cef1))
+- **quiz1:** Fix inconsistent wording (#826) ([03131a3d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/03131a3d35d9842598150f9da817f7cc26e2669a))
+
+
+
+## 4.5.0 (2021-07-07)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Add move_semantics5 exercise. (#746) ([399ab328](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/399ab328d8d407265c09563aa4ef4534b2503ff2))
+- **cli:** Add "next" to run the next unsolved exercise. (#785) ([d20e413a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d20e413a68772cd493561f2651cf244e822b7ca5))
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- rename result1 to errors4 ([50ab289d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/50ab289da6b9eb19a7486c341b00048c516b88c0))
+- move_semantics5 hints ([1b858285](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1b85828548f46f58b622b5e0c00f8c989f928807))
+- remove trailing whitespaces from iterators1 ([4d4fa774](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4d4fa77459392acd3581c6068aa8be9a02de12fc))
+- add hints to generics1 and generics2 exercises ([31457940](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/31457940846b3844d78d4a4d2b074bc8d6aaf1eb))
+- remove trailing whitespace ([d9b69bd1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d9b69bd1a0a7a99f2c0d80933ad2eea44c8c71b2))
+- **installation:** first PowerShell command ([aa9a943d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/aa9a943ddf3ae260782e73c26bcc9db60e5894b6))
+- **iterators5:** derive Clone, Copy ([91fc9e31](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/91fc9e3118f4af603c9911698cc2a234725cb032))
+- **quiz1:** Updated question description (#794) ([d8766496](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d876649616cc8a8dd5f539f8bc1a5434b960b1e9))
+- **try_from_into, from_str:** hints for dyn Error ([11d2cf0d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/11d2cf0d604dee3f5023c17802d69438e69fa50e))
+- **variables5:** confine the answer further ([48ffcbd2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/48ffcbd2c4cc4d936c2c7480019190f179813cc5))
+
+
+
+## 4.4.0 (2021-04-24)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Fix spelling error in main.rs ([91ee27f2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/91ee27f22bd3797a9db57e5fd430801c170c5db8))
+- typo in default out text ([644c49f1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/644c49f1e04cbb24e95872b3a52b07d692ae3bc8))
+- **collections:** Naming exercises for vectors and hashmap ([bef39b12](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bef39b125961310b34b34871e480a82e82af4678))
+- **from_str:**
+ - Correct typos ([5f7c89f8](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5f7c89f85db1f33da01911eaa479c3a2d4721678))
+ - test for error instead of unwrap/should_panic ([15e71535](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/15e71535f37cfaed36e22eb778728d186e2104ab))
+ - use trait objects for from_str ([c3e7b831](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c3e7b831786c9172ed8bd5d150f3c432f242fba9))
+- **functions3:** improve function argument type (#687) ([a6509cc4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a6509cc4d545d8825f01ddf7ee37823b372154dd))
+- **hashmap2:** Update incorrect assertion (#660) ([72aaa15e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/72aaa15e6ab4b72b3422f1c6356396e20a2a2bb8))
+- **info:** Fix typo (#635) ([cddc1e86](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cddc1e86e7ec744ee644cc774a4887b1a0ded3e8))
+- **iterators2:** Moved errors out of tests. ([baf4ba17](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/baf4ba175ba6eb92989e3dd54ecbec4bedc9a863), closes [#359](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/359))
+- **iterators3:** Enabled iterators3.rs to run without commented out tests. ([c6712dfc](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c6712dfccd1a093e590ad22bbc4f49edc417dac0))
+- **main:** Let find_exercise work with borrows ([347f30bd](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/347f30bd867343c5ace1097e085a1f7e356553f7))
+- **move_semantics4:**
+ - Remove redundant "instead" (#640) ([cc266d7d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cc266d7d80b91e79df3f61984f231b7f1587218e))
+ - Small readbility improvement (#617) ([10965920](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/10965920fbdf8a1efc85bed869e55a1787006404))
+- **option2:** Rename uninformative variables (#675) ([b4de6594](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b4de6594380636817d13c2677ec6f472a964cf43))
+- **quiz3:** Force an answer to Q2 (#672) ([0d894e6f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0d894e6ff739943901e1ae8c904582e5c2f843bd))
+- **structs:** Add 5.3 to structs/README (#652) ([6bd791f2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/6bd791f2f44aa7f0ad926df767f6b1fa8f12a9a9))
+- **structs2:** correct grammar in hint (#663) ([ebdb66c7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ebdb66c7bfb6d687a14cc511a559a222e6fc5de4))
+- **structs3:**
+ - reword heading comment (#664) ([9f3e8c2d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9f3e8c2dde645e5264c2d2200e68842b5f47bfa3))
+ - add check to prevent naive implementation of is_international ([05a753fe](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/05a753fe6333d36dbee5f68c21dec04eacdc75df))
+- **threads1:** line number correction ([7857b0a6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7857b0a689b0847f48d8c14cbd1865e3b812d5ca))
+- **try_from_into:** use trait objects ([2e93a588](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2e93a588e0abe8badb7eafafb9e7d073c2be5df8))
+
+#### Features
+
+- Replace clap with argh ([7928122f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7928122fcef9ca7834d988b1ec8ca0687478beeb))
+- Replace emojis when NO_EMOJI env variable present ([8d62a996](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8d62a9963708dbecd9312e8bcc4b47049c72d155))
+- Added iterators5.rs exercise. ([b29ea17e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b29ea17ea94d1862114af2cf5ced0e09c197dc35))
+- **arc1:** Add more details to description and hint (#710) ([81be4044](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/81be40448777fa338ebced3b0bfc1b32d6370313))
+- **cli:** Improve the list command with options, and then some ([8bbe4ff1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8bbe4ff1385c5c169c90cd3ff9253f9a91daaf8e))
+- **list:**
+ - updated progress percentage ([1c6f7e4b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c6f7e4b7b9b3bd36f4da2bb2b69c549cc8bd913))
+ - added progress info ([c0e3daac](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c0e3daacaf6850811df5bc57fa43e0f249d5cfa4))
+
+
+
+## 4.3.0 (2020-12-29)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Rewrite default out text ([44d39112](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/44d39112ff122b29c9793fe52e605df1612c6490))
+- match exercise order to book chapters (#541) ([033bf119](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/033bf1198fc8bfce1b570e49da7cde010aa552e3))
+- Crab? (#586) ([fa9f522b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fa9f522b7f043d7ef73a39f003a9272dfe72c4f4))
+- add "rustlings list" command ([838f9f30](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/838f9f30083d0b23fd67503dcf0fbeca498e6647))
+- **try_from_into:** remove duplicate annotation ([04f1d079](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/04f1d079aa42a2f49af694bc92c67d731d31a53f))
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- update structs README ([bcf14cf6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bcf14cf677adb3a38a3ac3ca53f3c69f61153025))
+- added missing exercises to info.toml ([90cfb6ff](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/90cfb6ff28377531bfc34acb70547bdb13374f6b))
+- gives a bit more context to magic number ([30644c9a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/30644c9a062b825c0ea89435dc59f0cad86b110e))
+- **functions2:** Change signature to trigger precise error message: (#605) ([0ef95947](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0ef95947cc30482e63a7045be6cc2fb6f6dcb4cc))
+- **structs1:** Adjust wording (#573) ([9334783d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9334783da31d821cc59174fbe8320df95828926c))
+- **try_from_into:**
+ - type error ([4f4cfcf3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4f4cfcf3c36c8718c7c170c9c3a6935e6ef0618c))
+ - Update description (#584) ([96347df9](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/96347df9df294f01153b29d9ad4ba361f665c755))
+- **vec1:** Have test compare every element in a and v ([9b6c6293](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9b6c629397b24b944f484f5b2bbd8144266b5695))
+
+
+
+## 4.2.0 (2020-11-07)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Add HashMap exercises ([633c00cf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/633c00cf8071e1e82959a3010452a32f34f29fc9))
+- Add Vec exercises ([0c12fa31](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0c12fa31c57c03c6287458a0a8aca7afd057baf6))
+- **primitive_types6:** Add a test (#548) ([2b1fb2b7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2b1fb2b739bf9ad8d6b7b12af25fee173011bfc4))
+- **try_from_into:** Add tests (#571) ([95ccd926](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/95ccd92616ae79ba287cce221101e0bbe4f68cdc))
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- log error output when inotify limit is exceeded ([d61b4e5a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d61b4e5a13b44d72d004082f523fa1b6b24c1aca))
+- more unique temp_file ([5643ef05](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5643ef05bc81e4a840e9456f4406a769abbe1392))
+- **installation:** Update the MinRustVersion ([21bfb2d4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/21bfb2d4777429c87d8d3b5fbf0ce66006dcd034))
+- **iterators2:** Update description (#578) ([197d3a3d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/197d3a3d8961b2465579218a6749b2b2cefa8ddd))
+- **primitive_types6:**
+ - remove 'unused doc comment' warning ([472d8592](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/472d8592d65c8275332a20dfc269e7ac0d41bc88))
+ - missing comma in test ([4fb230da](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4fb230daf1251444fcf29e085cee222a91f8a37e))
+- **quiz3:** Second test is for odd numbers, not even. (#553) ([18e0bfef](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/18e0bfef1de53071e353ba1ec5837002ff7290e6))
+
+
+
+## 4.1.0 (2020-10-05)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Update rustlings version in Cargo.lock ([1cc40bc9](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1cc40bc9ce95c23d56f6d91fa1c4deb646231fef))
+- **arc1:** index mod should equal thread count ([b4062ef6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b4062ef6993e80dac107c4093ea85166ad3ee0fa))
+- **enums3:** Update Message::ChangeColor to take a tuple. (#457) ([4b6540c7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4b6540c71adabad647de8a09e57295e7c7c7d794))
+- **exercises:** adding question mark to quiz2 ([101072ab](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/101072ab9f8c80b40b8b88cb06cbe38aca2481c5))
+- **generics3:** clarify grade change ([47f7672c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/47f7672c0307732056e7426e81d351f0dd7e22e5))
+- **structs3:** Small adjustment of variable name ([114b54cb](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/114b54cbdb977234b39e5f180d937c14c78bb8b2))
+- **using_as:** Add test so that proper type is returned. (#512) ([3286c5ec](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3286c5ec19ea5fb7ded81d047da5f8594108a490))
+
+#### Features
+
+- Added iterators1.rs exercise ([9642f5a3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9642f5a3f686270a4f8f6ba969919ddbbc4f7fdd))
+- Add ability to run rustlings on repl.it (#471) ([8f7b5bd0](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8f7b5bd00eb83542b959830ef55192d2d76db90a))
+- Add gitpod support (#473) ([4821a8be](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4821a8be94af4f669042a06ab917934cfacd032f))
+- Remind the user of the hint option (#425) ([816b1f5e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/816b1f5e85d6cc6e72673813a85d0ada2a8f84af))
+- Remind the user of the hint option (#425) ([9f61db5d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9f61db5dbe38538cf06571fcdd5f806e7901e83a))
+- **cli:** Added 'cls' command to 'watch' mode (#474) ([4f2468e1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4f2468e14f574a93a2e9b688367b5752ed96ae7b))
+- **try_from_into:** Add insufficient length test (#469) ([523d18b8](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/523d18b873a319f7c09262f44bd40e2fab1830e5))
+
+
+
+## 4.0.0 (2020-07-08)
+
+#### Breaking Changes
+
+- Add a --nocapture option to display test harnesses' outputs ([8ad5f9bf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8ad5f9bf531a4848b1104b7b389a20171624c82f))
+- Rename test to quiz, fixes #244 ([010a0456](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/010a04569282149cea7f7a76fc4d7f4c9f0f08dd))
+
+#### Features
+
+- Add traits README ([173bb141](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/173bb14140c5530cbdb59e53ace3991a99d804af))
+- Add box1.rs exercise ([7479a473](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7479a4737bdcac347322ad0883ca528c8675e720))
+- Rewrite try_from_into (#393) ([763aa6e3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/763aa6e378a586caae2d8d63755a85eeba227933))
+- Add if2 exercise ([1da84b5f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1da84b5f7c489f65bd683c244f13c7d1ee812df0))
+- Added exercise structs3.rs ([b66e2e09](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b66e2e09622243e086a0f1258dd27e1a2d61c891))
+- Add exercise variables6 covering const (#352) ([5999acd2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5999acd24a4f203292be36e0fd18d385887ec481))
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Change then to than ([ddd98ad7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ddd98ad75d3668fbb10eff74374148aa5ed2344d))
+- rename quiz1 to tests1 in info (#420) ([0dd1c6ca](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0dd1c6ca6b389789e0972aa955fe17aa15c95f29))
+- fix quiz naming inconsistency (#421) ([5563adbb](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5563adbb890587fc48fbbc9c4028642687f1e85b))
+- confine the user further in variable exercises ([06ef4cc6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/06ef4cc654e75d22a526812919ee49b8956280bf))
+- update iterator and macro text for typos and clarity ([95900828](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/959008284834bece0196a01e17ac69a7e3590116))
+- update generics2 closes #362 ([964c974a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/964c974a0274199d755073b917c2bc5da0c9b4f1))
+- confusing comment in conversions/try_from_into.rs ([c9e4f2cf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c9e4f2cfb4c48d0b7451263cfb43b9426438122d))
+- **arc1:** Passively introduce attributes (#429) ([113cdae2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/113cdae2d4e4c55905e8056ad326ede7fd7de356))
+- **box1:** fix comment typo (#426) ([bb2ca251](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bb2ca251106b27a7272d9a30872904dd1376654c))
+- **errorsn:** Try harder to confine the user. (#388) ([2b20c8a0](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2b20c8a0f5774d07c58d110d75879f33fc6273b5))
+- **from_into.rs:** typo ([a901499e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a901499ededd3ce1995164700514fe4e9a0373ea))
+- **generics2:** Guide students to the answer (#430) ([e6bd8021](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/e6bd8021d9a7dd06feebc30c9d5f953901d7b419))
+- **installation:**
+ - Provide a backup git reference when tag can't be curl ([9e4fb100](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9e4fb1009f1c9e3433915c03e22c2af422e5c5fe))
+ - Check if python is available while checking for git,rustc and cargo ([9cfb617d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9cfb617d5b0451b4b51644a1298965390cda9884))
+- **option1:**
+ - Don't add only zeros to the numbers array ([cce6a442](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cce6a4427718724a9096800754cd3abeca6a1580))
+ - Add cast to usize, as it is confusing in the context of an exercise about Option ([f6cffc7e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f6cffc7e487b42f15a6f958e49704c93a8d4465b))
+- **option2:** Add TODO to comments (#400) ([10967bce](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/10967bce57682812dc0891a9f9757da1a9d87404))
+- **options1:** Add hint about Array Initialization (#389) ([9f75554f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9f75554f2a30295996f03f0160b98c0458305502))
+- **test2:** name of type String and &str (#394) ([d6c0a688](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d6c0a688e6a96f93ad60d540d4b326f342fc0d45))
+- **variables6:** minor typo (#419) ([524e17df](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/524e17df10db95f7b90a0f75cc8997182a8a4094))
+
+
+
+## 3.0.0 (2020-04-11)
+
+#### Breaking Changes
+
+- make "compile" exercises print output (#278) ([3b6d5c](https://github.com/fmoko/rustlings/commit/3b6d5c3aaa27a242a832799eb66e96897d26fde3))
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **primitive_types:** revert primitive_types4 (#296) ([b3a3351e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b3a3351e8e6a0bdee07077d7b0382953821649ae))
+- **run:** compile clippy exercise files (#295) ([3ab084a4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3ab084a421c0f140ae83bf1fc3f47b39342e7373))
+- **conversions:**
+ - add additional test to meet exercise rules (#284) ([bc22ec3](https://github.com/fmoko/rustlings/commit/bc22ec382f843347333ef1301fc1bad773657f38))
+ - remove duplicate not done comment (#292) ([dab90f](https://github.com/fmoko/rustlings/commit/dab90f7b91a6000fe874e3d664f244048e5fa342))
+- don't hardcode documentation version for traits (#288) ([30e6af](https://github.com/fmoko/rustlings/commit/30e6af60690c326fb5d3a9b7335f35c69c09137d))
+
+#### Features
+
+- add Option2 exercise (#290) ([86b5c08b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/86b5c08b9bea1576127a7c5f599f5752072c087d))
+- add exercise for option (#282) ([135e5d47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/135e5d47a7c395aece6f6022117fb20c82f2d3d4))
+- add new exercises for generics (#280) ([76be5e4e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/76be5e4e991160f5fd9093f03ee2ba260e8f7229))
+- **ci:** add buildkite config ([b049fa2c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b049fa2c84dba0f0c8906ac44e28fd45fba51a71))
+
+
+
+### 2.2.1 (2020-02-27)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Re-add cloning the repo to install scripts ([3d9b03c5](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3d9b03c52b8dc51b140757f6fd25ad87b5782ef5))
+
+#### Features
+
+- Add clippy lints (#269) ([1e2fd9c9](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1e2fd9c92f8cd6e389525ca1a999fca4c90b5921))
+
+
+
+## 2.2.0 (2020-02-25)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Update deps to version compatable with aarch64-pc-windows (#263) ([19a93428](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/19a93428b3c73d994292671f829bdc8e5b7b3401))
+- **docs:**
+ - Added a necessary step to Windows installation process (#242) ([3906efcd](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3906efcd52a004047b460ed548037093de3f523f))
+ - Fixed mangled sentence from book; edited for clarity (#266) ([ade52ff](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ade52ffb739987287ddd5705944c8777705faed9))
+ - Updated iterators readme to account for iterators4 exercise (#273) ([bec8e3a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bec8e3a644cbd88db1c73ea5f1d8a364f4a34016))
+- **installation:** make fatal errors more obvious (#272) ([17d0951e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/17d0951e66fda8e11b204d5c4c41a0d5e22e78f7))
+- **iterators2:**
+ - Remove reference to missing iterators2.rs (#245) ([419f7797](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/419f7797f294e4ce6a2b883199731b5bde77d262))
+- **as_ref_mut:** Enable a test and improve per clippy's suggestion (#256) ([dfdf809](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dfdf8093ebbd4145864995627b812780de52f902))
+- **tests1:**
+ - Change test command ([fe10e06c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fe10e06c3733ddb4a21e90d09bf79bfe618e97ce)
+ - Correct test command in tests1.rs comment (#263) ([39fa7ae](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/39fa7ae8b70ad468da49b06f11b2383135a63bcf))
+
+#### Features
+
+- Add variables5.rs exercise (#264) ([0c73609e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0c73609e6f2311295e95d6f96f8c747cfc4cba03))
+- Show a completion message when watching (#253) ([d25ee55a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d25ee55a3205882d35782e370af855051b39c58c))
+- Add type conversion and parsing exercises (#249) ([0c85dc11](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0c85dc1193978b5165491b99cc4922caf8d14a65))
+- Created consistent money unit (#258) ([fd57f8f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fd57f8f2c1da2af8ddbebbccec214e6f40f4dbab))
+- Enable test for exercise test4 (#276) ([8b971ff](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8b971ffab6079a706ac925f5917f987932b55c07))
+- Added traits exercises (#274 but specifically #216, which originally added
+ this :heart:) ([b559cdd](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b559cdd73f32c0d0cfc1feda39f82b3e3583df17))
+
+
+
+## 2.1.0 (2019-11-27)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- add line numbers in several exercises and hints ([b565c4d3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b565c4d3e74e8e110bef201a082fa1302722a7c3))
+- **arc1:** Fix some words in the comment ([c42c3b21](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c42c3b2101df9164c8cd7bb344def921e5ba3e61))
+- **enums:** Add link to chapter on pattern syntax (#242) ([615ce327](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/615ce3279800c56d89f19d218ccb7ef576624feb))
+- **primitive_types4:**
+ - update outdated hint ([4c5189df](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4c5189df2bdd9a231f6b2611919ba5aa14da0d3f))
+ - update outdated comment ([ded2c034](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ded2c034ba93fa1e3c2c2ea16b83abc1a57265e8))
+- **strings2:** update line number in hint ([a09f684f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a09f684f05c58d239a6fc59ec5f81c2533e8b820))
+- **variables1:** Correct wrong word in comment ([fda5a470](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fda5a47069e0954f16a04e8e50945e03becb71a5))
+
+#### Features
+
+- **watch:** show hint while watching ([8143d57b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8143d57b4e88c51341dd4a18a14c536042cc009c))
+
+
+
+## 2.0.0 (2019-11-12)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **default:** Clarify the installation procedure ([c371b853](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c371b853afa08947ddeebec0edd074b171eeaae0))
+- **info:** Fix trailing newlines for hints ([795b6e34](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/795b6e348094a898e9227a14f6232f7bb94c8d31))
+- **run:** make `run` never prompt ([4b265465](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4b26546589f7d2b50455429482cf1f386ceae8b3))
+
+#### Breaking Changes
+
+- Refactor hint system ([9bdb0a12](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9bdb0a12e45a8e9f9f6a4bd4a9c172c5376c7f60))
+- improve `watch` execution mode ([2cdd6129](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2cdd61294f0d9a53775ee24ad76435bec8a21e60))
+- Index exercises by name ([627cdc07](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/627cdc07d07dfe6a740e885e0ddf6900e7ec336b))
+- **run:** makes `run` never prompt ([4b265465](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4b26546589f7d2b50455429482cf1f386ceae8b3))
+
+#### Features
+
+- **cli:** check for rustc before doing anything ([36a033b8](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/36a033b87a6549c1e5639c908bf7381c84f4f425))
+- **hint:** Add test for hint ([ce9fa6eb](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ce9fa6ebbfdc3e7585d488d9409797285708316f))
+
+
+
+### 1.5.1 (2019-11-11)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **errors3:** Update hint ([dcfb427b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dcfb427b09585f0193f0a294443fdf99f11c64cb), closes [#185](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/185))
+- **if1:** Remove `return` reference ([ad03d180](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ad03d180c9311c0093e56a3531eec1a9a70cdb45))
+- **strings:** Move Strings before Structs ([6dcecb38](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/6dcecb38a4435593beb87c8e12d6314143631482), closes [#204](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/204))
+- **structs1:** Remove misleading comment ([f72e5a8f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f72e5a8f05568dde04eaeac10b9a69872f21cb37))
+- **threads:** Move Threads behind SLT ([fbe91a67](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fbe91a67a482bfe64cbcdd58d06ba830a0f39da3), closes [#205](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/205))
+- **watch:** clear screen before each `verify()` ([3aff590](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3aff59085586c24196a547c2693adbdcf4432648))
+
+
+
+## 1.5.0 (2019-11-09)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **test1:** Rewrite logic ([79a56942](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/79a569422c8309cfc9e4aed25bf4ab3b3859996b))
+- **installation:** Fix rustlings installation check ([7a252c47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7a252c475551486efb52f949b8af55803b700bc6))
+- **iterators:** Rename iterator3.rs ([433d2115](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/433d2115bc1c04b6d34a335a18c9a8f3e2672bc6))
+- **iterators2:** Remove syntax resulting in misleading error message ([4cde8664](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4cde86643e12db162a66e62f23b78962986046ac))
+- **option1:**
+ - Fix arguments passed to assert! macro (#222) ([4c2cf6da](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4c2cf6da755efe02725e05ecc3a303304c10a6da))
+ - Fix arguments passed to assert! macro ([ead4f7af](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ead4f7af9e10e53418efdde5c359159347282afd))
+ - Add test for prematurely passing exercise ([a750e4a1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a750e4a1a3006227292bb17d57d78ce84da6bfc6))
+- **primitive_types4:** Fail on a slice covering the wrong area ([5b1e673c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5b1e673cec1658afc4ebbbc800213847804facf5))
+- **readme:** http to https ([70946b85](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/70946b85e536e80e70ed9505cb650ca0a3a1fbb5))
+- **test1:**
+ - Swap assertion parameter order ([4086d463](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4086d463a981e81d97781851d17db2ced290f446))
+ - renamed function name to snake case closes #180 ([89d5186c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/89d5186c0dae8135ecabf90ee8bb35949bc2d29b))
+
+#### Features
+
+- Add enums exercises ([dc150321](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dc15032112fc485226a573a18139e5ce928b1755))
+- Added exercise for struct update syntax ([1c4c8764](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c4c8764ed118740cd4cee73272ddc6cceb9d959))
+- **iterators2:** adds iterators2 exercise including config ([9288fccf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9288fccf07a2c5043b76d0fd6491e4cf72d76031))
+
+
+
+### 1.4.1 (2019-08-13)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **iterators2:** Remove syntax resulting in misleading error message ([4cde8664](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4cde86643e12db162a66e62f23b78962986046ac))
+- **option1:** Add test for prematurely passing exercise ([a750e4a1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a750e4a1a3006227292bb17d57d78ce84da6bfc6))
+- **test1:** Swap assertion parameter order ([4086d463](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4086d463a981e81d97781851d17db2ced290f446))
+
+
+
+## 1.4.0 (2019-07-13)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **installation:** Fix rustlings installation check ([7a252c47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7a252c475551486efb52f949b8af55803b700bc6))
+- **iterators:** Rename iterator3.rs ([433d2115](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/433d2115bc1c04b6d34a335a18c9a8f3e2672bc6))
+- **readme:** http to https ([70946b85](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/70946b85e536e80e70ed9505cb650ca0a3a1fbb5))
+- **test1:** renamed function name to snake case ([89d5186c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/89d5186c0dae8135ecabf90ee8bb35949bc2d29b))
+- **cli:** Check if changed exercise file exists before calling verify ([ba85ca3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ba85ca32c4cfc61de46851ab89f9c58a28f33c88))
+- **structs1:** Fix the irrefutable let pattern warning ([cc6a141](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cc6a14104d7c034eadc98297eaaa972d09c50b1f))
+
+#### Features
+
+- **changelog:** Use clog for changelogs ([34e31232](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/34e31232dfddde284a341c9609b33cd27d9d5724))
+- **iterators2:** adds iterators2 exercise including config ([9288fccf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9288fccf07a2c5043b76d0fd6491e4cf72d76031))
+
+
+
+### 1.3.0 (2019-06-05)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Adds a simple exercise for structures (#163, @briankung)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Add Result type signature as it is difficult for new comers to understand Generics and Error all at once. (#157, @veggiemonk)
+- Rustfmt and whitespace fixes (#161, @eddyp)
+- errorsn.rs: Separate also the hints from each other to avoid accidental viewing (#162, @eddyp)
+- fixed outdated links (#165, @gushroom)
+- Fix broken link (#164, @HanKruiger)
+- Remove highlighting and syntect (#167, @komaeda)
+
+
+
+### 1.2.2 (2019-05-07)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Reverted `--nocapture` flag since it was causing tests to pass unconditionally
+
+
+
+### 1.2.1 (2019-04-22)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Fix the `--nocapture` feature (@komaeda)
+- Provide a nicer error message for when you're in the wrong directory
+
+
+
+### 1.2.0 (2019-04-22)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Add errors to exercises that compile without user changes (@yvan-sraka)
+- Use --nocapture when testing, enabling `println!` when running (@komaeda)
+
+
+
+### 1.1.1 (2019-04-14)
+
+#### Bug fixes
+
+- Fix permissions on exercise files (@zacanger, #133)
+- Make installation checks more thorough (@komaeda, 1b3469f236bc6979c27f6e1a04e4138a88e55de3)
+- Fix order of true/false in tests for executables (@mgeier, #137)
+- Stop run from panicking when compile fails (@cjpearce, #141)
+- Fix intermittent test failure caused by race condition (@cjpearce, #140)
+- Fix links by deleting book version (@diodfr, #142)
+- Canonicalize paths to fix path matching (@cjpearce, #143)
+
+
+
+### 1.1.0 (2019-03-20)
+
+- errors2.rs: update link to Rust book (#124)
+- Start verification at most recently modified file (#120)
+- Watch for file creation events in watch mode (#117)
+- Add standard library types to exercises suite (#119)
+- Give a warning when Rustlings isn't run from the right directory (#123)
+- Verify that rust version is recent enough to install Rustlings (#131)
+
+
+
+### 1.0.1 (2019-03-06)
+
+- Adds a way to install Rustlings in one command (`curl -L https://git.io/rustlings | bash`)
+- Makes `rustlings watch` react to create file events (@shaunbennett, #117)
+- Reworks the exercise management to use an external TOML file instead of just listing them in the code
+
+
+
+### 1.0.0 (2019-03-06)
+
+Initial release.
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc8ac92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+## Contributing to Rustlings
+
+First off, thanks for taking the time to contribute!! ❤️
+
+### Quick Reference
+
+I want to...
+
+_add an exercise! ➡️ [read this](#addex) and then [open a Pull Request](#prs)_
+
+_update an outdated exercise! ➡️ [open a Pull Request](#prs)_
+
+_report a bug! ➡️ [open an Issue](#issues)_
+
+_fix a bug! ➡️ [open a Pull Request](#prs)_
+
+_implement a new feature! ➡️ [open an Issue to discuss it first, then a Pull Request](#issues)_
+
+
+### Working on the source code
+
+`rustlings` is basically a glorified `rustc` wrapper. Therefore the source code
+isn't really that complicated since the bulk of the work is done by `rustc`.
+`src/main.rs` contains a simple `argh` CLI that connects to most of the other source files.
+
+
+### Adding an exercise
+
+The first step is to add the exercise! Name the file `exercises/yourTopic/yourTopicN.rs`, make sure to
+put in some helpful links, and link to sections of the book in `exercises/yourTopic/README.md`.
+
+Next make sure it runs with `rustlings`. The exercise metadata is stored in `info.toml`, under the `exercises` array. The order of the `exercises` array determines the order the exercises are run by `rustlings verify` and `rustlings watch`.
+
+Add the metadata for your exercise in the correct order in the `exercises` array. If you are unsure of the correct ordering, add it at the bottom and ask in your pull request. The exercise metadata should contain the following:
+```diff
+ ...
++ [[exercises]]
++ name = "yourTopicN"
++ path = "exercises/yourTopic/yourTopicN.rs"
++ mode = "compile"
++ hint = """
++ Some kind of useful hint for your exercise."""
+ ...
+```
+
+The `mode` attribute decides whether Rustlings will only compile your exercise, or compile and test it. If you have tests to verify in your exercise, choose `test`, otherwise `compile`. If you're working on a Clippy exercise, use `mode = "clippy"`.
+
+That's all! Feel free to put up a pull request.
+
+
+### Issues
+
+You can open an issue [here](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/new).
+If you're reporting a bug, please include the output of the following commands:
+
+- `rustc --version`
+- `rustlings --version`
+- `ls -la`
+- Your OS name and version
+
+
+### Pull Requests
+
+Opening a pull request is as easy as forking the repository and committing your
+changes. There's a couple of things to watch out for:
+
+#### Write correct commit messages
+
+We follow the [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0-beta.4/)
+specification.
+This means that you have to format your commit messages in a specific way. Say
+you're working on adding a new exercise called `foobar1.rs`. You could write
+the following commit message:
+
+```
+feat: add foobar1.rs exercise
+```
+
+If you're just fixing a bug, please use the `fix` type:
+
+```
+fix(verify): make sure verify doesn't self-destruct
+```
+
+The scope within the brackets is optional, but should be any of these:
+
+- `installation` (for the installation script)
+- `cli` (for general CLI changes)
+- `verify` (for the verification source file)
+- `watch` (for the watch functionality source)
+- `run` (for the run functionality source)
+- `EXERCISENAME` (if you're changing a specific exercise, or set of exercises,
+ substitute them here)
+
+When the commit also happens to close an existing issue, link it in the message
+body:
+
+```
+fix: update foobar
+
+closes #101029908
+```
+
+If you're doing simple changes, like updating a book link, use `chore`:
+
+```
+chore: update exercise1.rs book link
+```
+
+If you're updating documentation, use `docs`:
+
+```
+docs: add more information to Readme
+```
+
+If, and only if, you're absolutely sure you want to make a breaking change
+(please discuss this beforehand!), add an exclamation mark to the type and
+explain the breaking change in the message body:
+
+```
+fix!: completely change verification
+
+BREAKING CHANGE: This has to be done because lorem ipsum dolor
+```
+
+#### Pull Request Workflow
+
+Once you open a Pull Request, it may be reviewed or labeled (or both) until
+the maintainers accept your change. Please be patient, it may take some time
+for this to happen!
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8de912b8b8feb55c064867cf047dda097f92d51efad5b491dfb98f6bbb70cb36"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "53d40abd2583d23e4718fddf1ebec84dbff8381c07cae67ff7768bbf19c6718e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "26d41b46a36d453748aedef1486d5c7a85db22e56aff34643984ea85514e94a3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.42.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9aec5da331524158c6d1a4ac0ab1541149c0b9505fde06423b02f5ef0106b9f0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winnow"
+version = "0.5.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7c2e3184b9c4e92ad5167ca73039d0c42476302ab603e2fec4487511f38ccefc"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24bee7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[package]
+name = "rustlings"
+description = "Small exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code!"
+version = "5.6.1"
+authors = [
+ "Liv ",
+ "Carol (Nichols || Goulding) ",
+]
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+indicatif = "0.17.6"
+console = "0.15"
+notify-debouncer-mini = "0.4.1"
+toml = "0.7.6"
+regex = "1.5"
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0.81"
+home = "0.5.3"
+glob = "0.3.0"
+clap = { version = "4.4.0", features = ["derive"] }
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "rustlings"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+assert_cmd = "2.0.12"
+predicates = "3.0.3"
+glob = "0.3.0"
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30f5c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Carol (Nichols || Goulding)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0906f38..8fac7a2 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1 +1,180 @@
-# Rustling
\ No newline at end of file
+
+
+# rustlings 🦀❤️
+
+
+
+Greetings and welcome to `rustlings`. This project contains small exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code. This includes reading and responding to compiler messages!
+
+_...looking for the old, web-based version of Rustlings? Try [here](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/tree/rustlings-1)_
+
+Alternatively, for a first-time Rust learner, there are several other resources:
+
+- [The Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html) - The most comprehensive resource for learning Rust, but a bit theoretical sometimes. You will be using this along with Rustlings!
+- [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/index.html) - Learn Rust by solving little exercises! It's almost like `rustlings`, but online
+
+## Getting Started
+
+_Note: If you're on MacOS, make sure you've installed Xcode and its developer tools by typing `xcode-select --install`._
+_Note: If you're on Linux, make sure you've installed gcc. Deb: `sudo apt install gcc`. Yum: `sudo yum -y install gcc`._
+
+You will need to have Rust installed. You can get it by visiting . This'll also install Cargo, Rust's package/project manager.
+
+## MacOS/Linux
+
+Just run:
+
+```bash
+curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.sh | bash
+```
+
+Or if you want it to be installed to a different path:
+
+```bash
+curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.sh | bash -s mypath/
+```
+
+This will install Rustlings and give you access to the `rustlings` command. Run it to get started!
+
+### Nix
+
+Basically: Clone the repository at the latest tag, finally run `nix develop` or `nix-shell`.
+
+```bash
+# find out the latest version at https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest (on edit 5.6.1)
+git clone -b 5.6.1 --depth 1 https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings
+cd rustlings
+# if nix version > 2.3
+nix develop
+# if nix version <= 2.3
+nix-shell
+```
+
+## Windows
+
+In PowerShell (Run as Administrator), set `ExecutionPolicy` to `RemoteSigned`:
+
+```ps1
+Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
+```
+
+Then, you can run:
+
+```ps1
+Start-BitsTransfer -Source https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.ps1 -Destination $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Unblock-File $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Invoke-Expression $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1
+```
+
+To install Rustlings. Same as on MacOS/Linux, you will have access to the `rustlings` command after it. Keep in mind that this works best in PowerShell, and any other terminals may give you errors.
+
+If you get a permission denied message, you might have to exclude the directory where you cloned Rustlings in your antivirus.
+
+## Browser
+
+[![Open in Gitpod](https://gitpod.io/button/open-in-gitpod.svg)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings)
+
+[![Open Rustlings On Codespaces](https://github.com/codespaces/badge.svg)](https://github.com/codespaces/new/?repo=rust-lang%2Frustlings&ref=main)
+
+## Manually
+
+Basically: Clone the repository at the latest tag, run `cargo install --path .`.
+
+```bash
+# find out the latest version at https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest (on edit 5.6.1)
+git clone -b 5.6.1 --depth 1 https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings
+cd rustlings
+cargo install --force --path .
+```
+
+If there are installation errors, ensure that your toolchain is up to date. For the latest, run:
+
+```bash
+rustup update
+```
+
+Then, same as above, run `rustlings` to get started.
+
+## Doing exercises
+
+The exercises are sorted by topic and can be found in the subdirectory `rustlings/exercises/`. For every topic there is an additional README file with some resources to get you started on the topic. We really recommend that you have a look at them before you start.
+
+The task is simple. Most exercises contain an error that keeps them from compiling, and it's up to you to fix it! Some exercises are also run as tests, but rustlings handles them all the same. To run the exercises in the recommended order, execute:
+
+```bash
+rustlings watch
+```
+
+This will try to verify the completion of every exercise in a predetermined order (what we think is best for newcomers). It will also rerun automatically every time you change a file in the `exercises/` directory. If you want to only run it once, you can use:
+
+```bash
+rustlings verify
+```
+
+This will do the same as watch, but it'll quit after running.
+
+In case you want to go by your own order, or want to only verify a single exercise, you can run:
+
+```bash
+rustlings run myExercise1
+```
+
+Or simply use the following command to run the next unsolved exercise in the course:
+
+```bash
+rustlings run next
+```
+
+In case you get stuck, you can run the following command to get a hint for your
+exercise:
+
+```bash
+rustlings hint myExercise1
+```
+
+You can also get the hint for the next unsolved exercise with the following command:
+
+```bash
+rustlings hint next
+```
+
+To check your progress, you can run the following command:
+
+```bash
+rustlings list
+```
+
+## Testing yourself
+
+After every couple of sections, there will be a quiz that'll test your knowledge on a bunch of sections at once. These quizzes are found in `exercises/quizN.rs`.
+
+## Enabling `rust-analyzer`
+
+Run the command `rustlings lsp` which will generate a `rust-project.json` at the root of the project, this allows [rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) to parse each exercise.
+
+## Continuing On
+
+Once you've completed Rustlings, put your new knowledge to good use! Continue practicing your Rust skills by building your own projects, contributing to Rustlings, or finding other open-source projects to contribute to.
+
+## Uninstalling Rustlings
+
+If you want to remove Rustlings from your system, there are two steps. First, you'll need to remove the exercises folder that the install script created
+for you:
+
+```bash
+rm -rf rustlings # or your custom folder name, if you chose and or renamed it
+```
+
+Second, run `cargo uninstall` to remove the `rustlings` binary:
+
+```bash
+cargo uninstall rustlings
+```
+
+Now you should be done!
+
+## Contributing
+
+See [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+
+## Contributors ✨
+
+Thanks goes to the wonderful people listed in [AUTHORS.md](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/blob/main/AUTHORS.md) 🎉
diff --git a/exercises/00_intro/README.md b/exercises/00_intro/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d32e4a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/00_intro/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Intro
+
+Rust uses the `print!` and `println!` macros to print text to the console.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Hello World](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/hello.html)
+- [Formatted print](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/hello/print.html)
diff --git a/exercises/00_intro/intro1.rs b/exercises/00_intro/intro1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dd18b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/00_intro/intro1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// intro1.rs
+//
+// About this `I AM NOT DONE` thing:
+// We sometimes encourage you to keep trying things on a given exercise, even
+// after you already figured it out. If you got everything working and feel
+// ready for the next exercise, remove the `I AM NOT DONE` comment below.
+//
+// If you're running this using `rustlings watch`: The exercise file will be
+// reloaded when you change one of the lines below! Try adding a `println!`
+// line, or try changing what it outputs in your terminal. Try removing a
+// semicolon and see what happens!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint intro1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ println!("Hello and");
+ println!(r#" welcome to... "#);
+ println!(r#" _ _ _ "#);
+ println!(r#" _ __ _ _ ___| |_| (_)_ __ __ _ ___ "#);
+ println!(r#" | '__| | | / __| __| | | '_ \ / _` / __| "#);
+ println!(r#" | | | |_| \__ \ |_| | | | | | (_| \__ \ "#);
+ println!(r#" |_| \__,_|___/\__|_|_|_| |_|\__, |___/ "#);
+ println!(r#" |___/ "#);
+ println!();
+ println!("This exercise compiles successfully. The remaining exercises contain a compiler");
+ println!("or logic error. The central concept behind Rustlings is to fix these errors and");
+ println!("solve the exercises. Good luck!");
+ println!();
+ println!("The source for this exercise is in `exercises/00_intro/intro1.rs`. Have a look!");
+ println!(
+ "Going forward, the source of the exercises will always be in the success/failure output."
+ );
+ println!();
+ println!(
+ "If you want to use rust-analyzer, Rust's LSP implementation, make sure your editor is set"
+ );
+ println!("up, and then run `rustlings lsp` before continuing.")
+}
diff --git a/exercises/00_intro/intro2.rs b/exercises/00_intro/intro2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a28ad3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/00_intro/intro2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// intro2.rs
+//
+// Make the code print a greeting to the world.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint intro2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ printline!("Hello there!")
+}
diff --git a/exercises/01_variables/README.md b/exercises/01_variables/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7964ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/01_variables/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Variables
+
+In Rust, variables are immutable by default.
+When a variable is immutable, once a value is bound to a name, you can’t change that value.
+You can make them mutable by adding `mut` in front of the variable name.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Variables and Mutability](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html)
diff --git a/exercises/01_variables/variables1.rs b/exercises/01_variables/variables1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3e089a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/01_variables/variables1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// variables1.rs
+//
+// Make me compile!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint variables1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ x = 5;
+ println!("x has the value {}", x);
+}
diff --git a/exercises/01_variables/variables2.rs b/exercises/01_variables/variables2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1c23ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/01_variables/variables2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// variables2.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint variables2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let x;
+ if x == 10 {
+ println!("x is ten!");
+ } else {
+ println!("x is not ten!");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/01_variables/variables3.rs b/exercises/01_variables/variables3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86bed41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/01_variables/variables3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// variables3.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint variables3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let x: i32;
+ println!("Number {}", x);
+}
diff --git a/exercises/01_variables/variables4.rs b/exercises/01_variables/variables4.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5394f39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/01_variables/variables4.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// variables4.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint variables4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let x = 3;
+ println!("Number {}", x);
+ x = 5; // don't change this line
+ println!("Number {}", x);
+}
diff --git a/exercises/01_variables/variables5.rs b/exercises/01_variables/variables5.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a29b38b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/01_variables/variables5.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// variables5.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint variables5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let number = "T-H-R-E-E"; // don't change this line
+ println!("Spell a Number : {}", number);
+ number = 3; // don't rename this variable
+ println!("Number plus two is : {}", number + 2);
+}
diff --git a/exercises/01_variables/variables6.rs b/exercises/01_variables/variables6.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..853183b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/01_variables/variables6.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// variables6.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint variables6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+const NUMBER = 3;
+fn main() {
+ println!("Number {}", NUMBER);
+}
diff --git a/exercises/02_functions/README.md b/exercises/02_functions/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6662d0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/02_functions/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Functions
+
+Here, you'll learn how to write functions and how the Rust compiler can help you debug errors even
+in more complex code.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [How Functions Work](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-03-how-functions-work.html)
diff --git a/exercises/02_functions/functions1.rs b/exercises/02_functions/functions1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40ed9a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/02_functions/functions1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// functions1.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ call_me();
+}
diff --git a/exercises/02_functions/functions2.rs b/exercises/02_functions/functions2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5154f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/02_functions/functions2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// functions2.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ call_me(3);
+}
+
+fn call_me(num:) {
+ for i in 0..num {
+ println!("Ring! Call number {}", i + 1);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/02_functions/functions3.rs b/exercises/02_functions/functions3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74f44d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/02_functions/functions3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// functions3.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ call_me();
+}
+
+fn call_me(num: u32) {
+ for i in 0..num {
+ println!("Ring! Call number {}", i + 1);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/02_functions/functions4.rs b/exercises/02_functions/functions4.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77c4b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/02_functions/functions4.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// functions4.rs
+//
+// This store is having a sale where if the price is an even number, you get 10
+// Rustbucks off, but if it's an odd number, it's 3 Rustbucks off. (Don't worry
+// about the function bodies themselves, we're only interested in the signatures
+// for now. If anything, this is a good way to peek ahead to future exercises!)
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let original_price = 51;
+ println!("Your sale price is {}", sale_price(original_price));
+}
+
+fn sale_price(price: i32) -> {
+ if is_even(price) {
+ price - 10
+ } else {
+ price - 3
+ }
+}
+
+fn is_even(num: i32) -> bool {
+ num % 2 == 0
+}
diff --git a/exercises/02_functions/functions5.rs b/exercises/02_functions/functions5.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1b63f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/02_functions/functions5.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// functions5.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let answer = square(3);
+ println!("The square of 3 is {}", answer);
+}
+
+fn square(num: i32) -> i32 {
+ num * num;
+}
diff --git a/exercises/03_if/README.md b/exercises/03_if/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b52c392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/03_if/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# If
+
+`if`, the most basic (but still surprisingly versatile!) type of control flow, is what you'll learn here.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Control Flow - if expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-05-control-flow.html#if-expressions)
diff --git a/exercises/03_if/if1.rs b/exercises/03_if/if1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4734d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/03_if/if1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// if1.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint if1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+pub fn bigger(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
+ // Complete this function to return the bigger number!
+ // Do not use:
+ // - another function call
+ // - additional variables
+}
+
+// Don't mind this for now :)
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn ten_is_bigger_than_eight() {
+ assert_eq!(10, bigger(10, 8));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn fortytwo_is_bigger_than_thirtytwo() {
+ assert_eq!(42, bigger(32, 42));
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn equal_numbers() {
+ assert_eq!(42, bigger(42, 42));
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/03_if/if2.rs b/exercises/03_if/if2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f512f13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/03_if/if2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// if2.rs
+//
+// Step 1: Make me compile!
+// Step 2: Get the bar_for_fuzz and default_to_baz tests passing!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint if2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+pub fn foo_if_fizz(fizzish: &str) -> &str {
+ if fizzish == "fizz" {
+ "foo"
+ } else {
+ 1
+ }
+}
+
+// No test changes needed!
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn foo_for_fizz() {
+ assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("fizz"), "foo")
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn bar_for_fuzz() {
+ assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("fuzz"), "bar")
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn default_to_baz() {
+ assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("literally anything"), "baz")
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/03_if/if3.rs b/exercises/03_if/if3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1696274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/03_if/if3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// if3.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint if3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+pub fn animal_habitat(animal: &str) -> &'static str {
+ let identifier = if animal == "crab" {
+ 1
+ } else if animal == "gopher" {
+ 2.0
+ } else if animal == "snake" {
+ 3
+ } else {
+ "Unknown"
+ };
+
+ // DO NOT CHANGE THIS STATEMENT BELOW
+ let habitat = if identifier == 1 {
+ "Beach"
+ } else if identifier == 2 {
+ "Burrow"
+ } else if identifier == 3 {
+ "Desert"
+ } else {
+ "Unknown"
+ };
+
+ habitat
+}
+
+// No test changes needed.
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn gopher_lives_in_burrow() {
+ assert_eq!(animal_habitat("gopher"), "Burrow")
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn snake_lives_in_desert() {
+ assert_eq!(animal_habitat("snake"), "Desert")
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn crab_lives_on_beach() {
+ assert_eq!(animal_habitat("crab"), "Beach")
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn unknown_animal() {
+ assert_eq!(animal_habitat("dinosaur"), "Unknown")
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/04_primitive_types/README.md b/exercises/04_primitive_types/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cea69b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/04_primitive_types/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Primitive Types
+
+Rust has a couple of basic types that are directly implemented into the
+compiler. In this section, we'll go through the most important ones.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Data Types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch03-02-data-types.html)
+- [The Slice Type](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch04-03-slices.html)
diff --git a/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types1.rs b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3663340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// primitive_types1.rs
+//
+// Fill in the rest of the line that has code missing! No hints, there's no
+// tricks, just get used to typing these :)
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ // Booleans (`bool`)
+
+ let is_morning = true;
+ if is_morning {
+ println!("Good morning!");
+ }
+
+ let // Finish the rest of this line like the example! Or make it be false!
+ if is_evening {
+ println!("Good evening!");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types2.rs b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1616ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// primitive_types2.rs
+//
+// Fill in the rest of the line that has code missing! No hints, there's no
+// tricks, just get used to typing these :)
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ // Characters (`char`)
+
+ // Note the _single_ quotes, these are different from the double quotes
+ // you've been seeing around.
+ let my_first_initial = 'C';
+ if my_first_initial.is_alphabetic() {
+ println!("Alphabetical!");
+ } else if my_first_initial.is_numeric() {
+ println!("Numerical!");
+ } else {
+ println!("Neither alphabetic nor numeric!");
+ }
+
+ let // Finish this line like the example! What's your favorite character?
+ // Try a letter, try a number, try a special character, try a character
+ // from a different language than your own, try an emoji!
+ if your_character.is_alphabetic() {
+ println!("Alphabetical!");
+ } else if your_character.is_numeric() {
+ println!("Numerical!");
+ } else {
+ println!("Neither alphabetic nor numeric!");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types3.rs b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b0de44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// primitive_types3.rs
+//
+// Create an array with at least 100 elements in it where the ??? is.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let a = ???
+
+ if a.len() >= 100 {
+ println!("Wow, that's a big array!");
+ } else {
+ println!("Meh, I eat arrays like that for breakfast.");
+ panic!("Array not big enough, more elements needed")
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types4.rs b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types4.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d44d877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types4.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// primitive_types4.rs
+//
+// Get a slice out of Array a where the ??? is so that the test passes.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[test]
+fn slice_out_of_array() {
+ let a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+
+ let nice_slice = ???
+
+ assert_eq!([2, 3, 4], nice_slice)
+}
diff --git a/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types5.rs b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types5.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f646986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types5.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// primitive_types5.rs
+//
+// Destructure the `cat` tuple so that the println will work.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let cat = ("Furry McFurson", 3.5);
+ let /* your pattern here */ = cat;
+
+ println!("{} is {} years old.", name, age);
+}
diff --git a/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07cc46c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/04_primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// primitive_types6.rs
+//
+// Use a tuple index to access the second element of `numbers`. You can put the
+// expression for the second element where ??? is so that the test passes.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[test]
+fn indexing_tuple() {
+ let numbers = (1, 2, 3);
+ // Replace below ??? with the tuple indexing syntax.
+ let second = ???;
+
+ assert_eq!(2, second,
+ "This is not the 2nd number in the tuple!")
+}
diff --git a/exercises/05_vecs/README.md b/exercises/05_vecs/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ff9b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/05_vecs/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Vectors
+
+Vectors are one of the most-used Rust data structures. In other programming
+languages, they'd simply be called Arrays, but since Rust operates on a
+bit of a lower level, an array in Rust is stored on the stack (meaning it
+can't grow or shrink, and the size needs to be known at compile time),
+and a Vector is stored in the heap (where these restrictions do not apply).
+
+Vectors are a bit of a later chapter in the book, but we think that they're
+useful enough to talk about them a bit earlier. We shall be talking about
+the other useful data structure, hash maps, later.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Storing Lists of Values with Vectors](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-01-vectors.html)
+- [`iter_mut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.slice.html#method.iter_mut)
+- [`map`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.map)
diff --git a/exercises/05_vecs/vecs1.rs b/exercises/05_vecs/vecs1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65b7a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/05_vecs/vecs1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// vecs1.rs
+//
+// Your task is to create a `Vec` which holds the exact same elements as in the
+// array `a`.
+//
+// Make me compile and pass the test!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint vecs1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn array_and_vec() -> ([i32; 4], Vec) {
+ let a = [10, 20, 30, 40]; // a plain array
+ let v = // TODO: declare your vector here with the macro for vectors
+
+ (a, v)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_array_and_vec_similarity() {
+ let (a, v) = array_and_vec();
+ assert_eq!(a, v[..]);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/05_vecs/vecs2.rs b/exercises/05_vecs/vecs2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e92c970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/05_vecs/vecs2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// vecs2.rs
+//
+// A Vec of even numbers is given. Your task is to complete the loop so that
+// each number in the Vec is multiplied by 2.
+//
+// Make me pass the test!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint vecs2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn vec_loop(mut v: Vec) -> Vec {
+ for element in v.iter_mut() {
+ // TODO: Fill this up so that each element in the Vec `v` is
+ // multiplied by 2.
+ ???
+ }
+
+ // At this point, `v` should be equal to [4, 8, 12, 16, 20].
+ v
+}
+
+fn vec_map(v: &Vec) -> Vec {
+ v.iter().map(|element| {
+ // TODO: Do the same thing as above - but instead of mutating the
+ // Vec, you can just return the new number!
+ ???
+ }).collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_vec_loop() {
+ let v: Vec = (1..).filter(|x| x % 2 == 0).take(5).collect();
+ let ans = vec_loop(v.clone());
+
+ assert_eq!(ans, v.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect::>());
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_vec_map() {
+ let v: Vec = (1..).filter(|x| x % 2 == 0).take(5).collect();
+ let ans = vec_map(&v);
+
+ assert_eq!(ans, v.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect::>());
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/06_move_semantics/README.md b/exercises/06_move_semantics/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54ddd8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/06_move_semantics/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Move Semantics
+
+These exercises are adapted from [pnkfelix](https://github.com/pnkfelix)'s [Rust Tutorial](https://pnkfelix.github.io/rust-examples-icfp2014/) -- Thank you Felix!!!
+
+## Further information
+
+For this section, the book links are especially important.
+
+- [Ownership](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html)
+- [Reference and borrowing](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html)
diff --git a/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e063937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// move_semantics1.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[test]
+fn main() {
+ let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
+
+ let vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
+
+ assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
+}
+
+fn fill_vec(vec: Vec) -> Vec {
+ let vec = vec;
+
+ vec.push(88);
+
+ vec
+}
diff --git a/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..baf6bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// move_semantics2.rs
+//
+// Make the test pass by finding a way to keep both Vecs separate!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[test]
+fn main() {
+ let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
+
+ let mut vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
+
+ assert_eq!(vec0, vec![22, 44, 66]);
+ assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
+}
+
+fn fill_vec(vec: Vec) -> Vec {
+ let mut vec = vec;
+
+ vec.push(88);
+
+ vec
+}
diff --git a/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7af9e69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// move_semantics3.rs
+//
+// Make me compile without adding new lines -- just changing existing lines! (no
+// lines with multiple semicolons necessary!)
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[test]
+fn main() {
+ let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
+
+ let mut vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
+
+ assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
+}
+
+fn fill_vec(vec: Vec) -> Vec {
+ vec.push(88);
+
+ vec
+}
diff --git a/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80b49db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// move_semantics4.rs
+//
+// Refactor this code so that instead of passing `vec0` into the `fill_vec`
+// function, the Vector gets created in the function itself and passed back to
+// the main function.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[test]
+fn main() {
+ let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
+
+ let mut vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
+
+ assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
+}
+
+// `fill_vec()` no longer takes `vec: Vec` as argument - don't change this!
+fn fill_vec() -> Vec {
+ // Instead, let's create and fill the Vec in here - how do you do that?
+ let mut vec = vec;
+
+ vec.push(88);
+
+ vec
+}
diff --git a/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics5.rs b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics5.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..267bdcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics5.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// move_semantics5.rs
+//
+// Make me compile only by reordering the lines in `main()`, but without adding,
+// changing or removing any of them.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[test]
+fn main() {
+ let mut x = 100;
+ let y = &mut x;
+ let z = &mut x;
+ *y += 100;
+ *z += 1000;
+ assert_eq!(x, 1200);
+}
diff --git a/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics6.rs b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics6.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cace4ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/06_move_semantics/move_semantics6.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// move_semantics6.rs
+//
+// You can't change anything except adding or removing references.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
+// for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let data = "Rust is great!".to_string();
+
+ get_char(data);
+
+ string_uppercase(&data);
+}
+
+// Should not take ownership
+fn get_char(data: String) -> char {
+ data.chars().last().unwrap()
+}
+
+// Should take ownership
+fn string_uppercase(mut data: &String) {
+ data = &data.to_uppercase();
+
+ println!("{}", data);
+}
diff --git a/exercises/07_structs/README.md b/exercises/07_structs/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fc1fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/07_structs/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Structs
+
+Rust has three struct types: a classic C struct, a tuple struct, and a unit struct.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Structures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html)
+- [Method Syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch05-03-method-syntax.html)
diff --git a/exercises/07_structs/structs1.rs b/exercises/07_structs/structs1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fa5821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/07_structs/structs1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// structs1.rs
+//
+// Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint structs1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+struct ColorClassicStruct {
+ // TODO: Something goes here
+}
+
+struct ColorTupleStruct(/* TODO: Something goes here */);
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct UnitLikeStruct;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn classic_c_structs() {
+ // TODO: Instantiate a classic c struct!
+ // let green =
+
+ assert_eq!(green.red, 0);
+ assert_eq!(green.green, 255);
+ assert_eq!(green.blue, 0);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn tuple_structs() {
+ // TODO: Instantiate a tuple struct!
+ // let green =
+
+ assert_eq!(green.0, 0);
+ assert_eq!(green.1, 255);
+ assert_eq!(green.2, 0);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn unit_structs() {
+ // TODO: Instantiate a unit-like struct!
+ // let unit_like_struct =
+ let message = format!("{:?}s are fun!", unit_like_struct);
+
+ assert_eq!(message, "UnitLikeStructs are fun!");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/07_structs/structs2.rs b/exercises/07_structs/structs2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..328567f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/07_structs/structs2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// structs2.rs
+//
+// Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint structs2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Order {
+ name: String,
+ year: u32,
+ made_by_phone: bool,
+ made_by_mobile: bool,
+ made_by_email: bool,
+ item_number: u32,
+ count: u32,
+}
+
+fn create_order_template() -> Order {
+ Order {
+ name: String::from("Bob"),
+ year: 2019,
+ made_by_phone: false,
+ made_by_mobile: false,
+ made_by_email: true,
+ item_number: 123,
+ count: 0,
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn your_order() {
+ let order_template = create_order_template();
+ // TODO: Create your own order using the update syntax and template above!
+ // let your_order =
+ assert_eq!(your_order.name, "Hacker in Rust");
+ assert_eq!(your_order.year, order_template.year);
+ assert_eq!(your_order.made_by_phone, order_template.made_by_phone);
+ assert_eq!(your_order.made_by_mobile, order_template.made_by_mobile);
+ assert_eq!(your_order.made_by_email, order_template.made_by_email);
+ assert_eq!(your_order.item_number, order_template.item_number);
+ assert_eq!(your_order.count, 1);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/07_structs/structs3.rs b/exercises/07_structs/structs3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cda5af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/07_structs/structs3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// structs3.rs
+//
+// Structs contain data, but can also have logic. In this exercise we have
+// defined the Package struct and we want to test some logic attached to it.
+// Make the code compile and the tests pass!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint structs3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Package {
+ sender_country: String,
+ recipient_country: String,
+ weight_in_grams: u32,
+}
+
+impl Package {
+ fn new(sender_country: String, recipient_country: String, weight_in_grams: u32) -> Package {
+ if weight_in_grams < 10 {
+ // This is not how you should handle errors in Rust,
+ // but we will learn about error handling later.
+ panic!("Can not ship a package with weight below 10 grams.")
+ } else {
+ Package {
+ sender_country,
+ recipient_country,
+ weight_in_grams,
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ fn is_international(&self) -> ??? {
+ // Something goes here...
+ }
+
+ fn get_fees(&self, cents_per_gram: u32) -> ??? {
+ // Something goes here...
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ #[should_panic]
+ fn fail_creating_weightless_package() {
+ let sender_country = String::from("Spain");
+ let recipient_country = String::from("Austria");
+
+ Package::new(sender_country, recipient_country, 5);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn create_international_package() {
+ let sender_country = String::from("Spain");
+ let recipient_country = String::from("Russia");
+
+ let package = Package::new(sender_country, recipient_country, 1200);
+
+ assert!(package.is_international());
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn create_local_package() {
+ let sender_country = String::from("Canada");
+ let recipient_country = sender_country.clone();
+
+ let package = Package::new(sender_country, recipient_country, 1200);
+
+ assert!(!package.is_international());
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn calculate_transport_fees() {
+ let sender_country = String::from("Spain");
+ let recipient_country = String::from("Spain");
+
+ let cents_per_gram = 3;
+
+ let package = Package::new(sender_country, recipient_country, 1500);
+
+ assert_eq!(package.get_fees(cents_per_gram), 4500);
+ assert_eq!(package.get_fees(cents_per_gram * 2), 9000);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/08_enums/README.md b/exercises/08_enums/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30d4d91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/08_enums/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Enums
+
+Rust allows you to define types called "enums" which enumerate possible values.
+Enums are a feature in many languages, but their capabilities differ in each language. Rust’s enums are most similar to algebraic data types in functional languages, such as F#, OCaml, and Haskell.
+Useful in combination with enums is Rust's "pattern matching" facility, which makes it easy to run different code for different values of an enumeration.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Enums](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch06-00-enums.html)
+- [Pattern syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch18-03-pattern-syntax.html)
diff --git a/exercises/08_enums/enums1.rs b/exercises/08_enums/enums1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25525b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/08_enums/enums1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// enums1.rs
+//
+// No hints this time! ;)
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum Message {
+ // TODO: define a few types of messages as used below
+}
+
+fn main() {
+ println!("{:?}", Message::Quit);
+ println!("{:?}", Message::Echo);
+ println!("{:?}", Message::Move);
+ println!("{:?}", Message::ChangeColor);
+}
diff --git a/exercises/08_enums/enums2.rs b/exercises/08_enums/enums2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df93fe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/08_enums/enums2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// enums2.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint enums2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum Message {
+ // TODO: define the different variants used below
+}
+
+impl Message {
+ fn call(&self) {
+ println!("{:?}", self);
+ }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+ let messages = [
+ Message::Move { x: 10, y: 30 },
+ Message::Echo(String::from("hello world")),
+ Message::ChangeColor(200, 255, 255),
+ Message::Quit,
+ ];
+
+ for message in &messages {
+ message.call();
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/08_enums/enums3.rs b/exercises/08_enums/enums3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92d18c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/08_enums/enums3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// enums3.rs
+//
+// Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint enums3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+enum Message {
+ // TODO: implement the message variant types based on their usage below
+}
+
+struct Point {
+ x: u8,
+ y: u8,
+}
+
+struct State {
+ color: (u8, u8, u8),
+ position: Point,
+ quit: bool,
+ message: String,
+}
+
+impl State {
+ fn change_color(&mut self, color: (u8, u8, u8)) {
+ self.color = color;
+ }
+
+ fn quit(&mut self) {
+ self.quit = true;
+ }
+
+ fn echo(&mut self, s: String) {
+ self.message = s
+ }
+
+ fn move_position(&mut self, p: Point) {
+ self.position = p;
+ }
+
+ fn process(&mut self, message: Message) {
+ // TODO: create a match expression to process the different message variants
+ // Remember: When passing a tuple as a function argument, you'll need extra parentheses:
+ // fn function((t, u, p, l, e))
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_match_message_call() {
+ let mut state = State {
+ quit: false,
+ position: Point { x: 0, y: 0 },
+ color: (0, 0, 0),
+ message: "hello world".to_string(),
+ };
+ state.process(Message::ChangeColor(255, 0, 255));
+ state.process(Message::Echo(String::from("Hello world!")));
+ state.process(Message::Move(Point { x: 10, y: 15 }));
+ state.process(Message::Quit);
+
+ assert_eq!(state.color, (255, 0, 255));
+ assert_eq!(state.position.x, 10);
+ assert_eq!(state.position.y, 15);
+ assert_eq!(state.quit, true);
+ assert_eq!(state.message, "Hello world!");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/09_strings/README.md b/exercises/09_strings/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa2104c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/09_strings/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Strings
+
+Rust has two string types, a string slice (`&str`) and an owned string (`String`).
+We're not going to dictate when you should use which one, but we'll show you how
+to identify and create them, as well as use them.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Strings](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch08-02-strings.html)
diff --git a/exercises/09_strings/strings1.rs b/exercises/09_strings/strings1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f50e1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/09_strings/strings1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// strings1.rs
+//
+// Make me compile without changing the function signature!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint strings1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let answer = current_favorite_color();
+ println!("My current favorite color is {}", answer);
+}
+
+fn current_favorite_color() -> String {
+ "blue"
+}
diff --git a/exercises/09_strings/strings2.rs b/exercises/09_strings/strings2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d95d16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/09_strings/strings2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// strings2.rs
+//
+// Make me compile without changing the function signature!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint strings2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+ let word = String::from("green"); // Try not changing this line :)
+ if is_a_color_word(word) {
+ println!("That is a color word I know!");
+ } else {
+ println!("That is not a color word I know.");
+ }
+}
+
+fn is_a_color_word(attempt: &str) -> bool {
+ attempt == "green" || attempt == "blue" || attempt == "red"
+}
diff --git a/exercises/09_strings/strings3.rs b/exercises/09_strings/strings3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b29f932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/09_strings/strings3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// strings3.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint strings3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn trim_me(input: &str) -> String {
+ // TODO: Remove whitespace from both ends of a string!
+ ???
+}
+
+fn compose_me(input: &str) -> String {
+ // TODO: Add " world!" to the string! There's multiple ways to do this!
+ ???
+}
+
+fn replace_me(input: &str) -> String {
+ // TODO: Replace "cars" in the string with "balloons"!
+ ???
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn trim_a_string() {
+ assert_eq!(trim_me("Hello! "), "Hello!");
+ assert_eq!(trim_me(" What's up!"), "What's up!");
+ assert_eq!(trim_me(" Hola! "), "Hola!");
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn compose_a_string() {
+ assert_eq!(compose_me("Hello"), "Hello world!");
+ assert_eq!(compose_me("Goodbye"), "Goodbye world!");
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn replace_a_string() {
+ assert_eq!(replace_me("I think cars are cool"), "I think balloons are cool");
+ assert_eq!(replace_me("I love to look at cars"), "I love to look at balloons");
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/09_strings/strings4.rs b/exercises/09_strings/strings4.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8c54ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/09_strings/strings4.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// strings4.rs
+//
+// Ok, here are a bunch of values-- some are `String`s, some are `&str`s. Your
+// task is to call one of these two functions on each value depending on what
+// you think each value is. That is, add either `string_slice` or `string`
+// before the parentheses on each line. If you're right, it will compile!
+//
+// No hints this time!
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn string_slice(arg: &str) {
+ println!("{}", arg);
+}
+fn string(arg: String) {
+ println!("{}", arg);
+}
+
+fn main() {
+ ???("blue");
+ ???("red".to_string());
+ ???(String::from("hi"));
+ ???("rust is fun!".to_owned());
+ ???("nice weather".into());
+ ???(format!("Interpolation {}", "Station"));
+ ???(&String::from("abc")[0..1]);
+ ???(" hello there ".trim());
+ ???("Happy Monday!".to_string().replace("Mon", "Tues"));
+ ???("mY sHiFt KeY iS sTiCkY".to_lowercase());
+}
diff --git a/exercises/10_modules/README.md b/exercises/10_modules/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dc8a48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/10_modules/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Modules
+
+In this section we'll give you an introduction to Rust's module system.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [The Module System](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch07-00-managing-growing-projects-with-packages-crates-and-modules.html)
diff --git a/exercises/10_modules/modules1.rs b/exercises/10_modules/modules1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9eb5a48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/10_modules/modules1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// modules1.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint modules1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+mod sausage_factory {
+ // Don't let anybody outside of this module see this!
+ fn get_secret_recipe() -> String {
+ String::from("Ginger")
+ }
+
+ fn make_sausage() {
+ get_secret_recipe();
+ println!("sausage!");
+ }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+ sausage_factory::make_sausage();
+}
diff --git a/exercises/10_modules/modules2.rs b/exercises/10_modules/modules2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0415454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/10_modules/modules2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// modules2.rs
+//
+// You can bring module paths into scopes and provide new names for them with
+// the 'use' and 'as' keywords. Fix these 'use' statements to make the code
+// compile.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint modules2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+mod delicious_snacks {
+ // TODO: Fix these use statements
+ use self::fruits::PEAR as ???
+ use self::veggies::CUCUMBER as ???
+
+ mod fruits {
+ pub const PEAR: &'static str = "Pear";
+ pub const APPLE: &'static str = "Apple";
+ }
+
+ mod veggies {
+ pub const CUCUMBER: &'static str = "Cucumber";
+ pub const CARROT: &'static str = "Carrot";
+ }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+ println!(
+ "favorite snacks: {} and {}",
+ delicious_snacks::fruit,
+ delicious_snacks::veggie
+ );
+}
diff --git a/exercises/10_modules/modules3.rs b/exercises/10_modules/modules3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2bb050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/10_modules/modules3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// modules3.rs
+//
+// You can use the 'use' keyword to bring module paths from modules from
+// anywhere and especially from the Rust standard library into your scope. Bring
+// SystemTime and UNIX_EPOCH from the std::time module. Bonus style points if
+// you can do it with one line!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint modules3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+// TODO: Complete this use statement
+use ???
+
+fn main() {
+ match SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH) {
+ Ok(n) => println!("1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC was {} seconds ago!", n.as_secs()),
+ Err(_) => panic!("SystemTime before UNIX EPOCH!"),
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/11_hashmaps/README.md b/exercises/11_hashmaps/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80ec144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/11_hashmaps/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Hashmaps
+
+A *hash map* allows you to associate a value with a particular key.
+You may also know this by the names [*unordered map* in C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_map),
+[*dictionary* in Python](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries) or an *associative array* in other languages.
+
+This is the other data structure that we've been talking about before, when
+talking about Vecs.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Storing Keys with Associated Values in Hash Maps](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch08-03-hash-maps.html)
diff --git a/exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps1.rs b/exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80829ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// hashmaps1.rs
+//
+// A basket of fruits in the form of a hash map needs to be defined. The key
+// represents the name of the fruit and the value represents how many of that
+// particular fruit is in the basket. You have to put at least three different
+// types of fruits (e.g apple, banana, mango) in the basket and the total count
+// of all the fruits should be at least five.
+//
+// Make me compile and pass the tests!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint hashmaps1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+fn fruit_basket() -> HashMap {
+ let mut basket = // TODO: declare your hash map here.
+
+ // Two bananas are already given for you :)
+ basket.insert(String::from("banana"), 2);
+
+ // TODO: Put more fruits in your basket here.
+
+ basket
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn at_least_three_types_of_fruits() {
+ let basket = fruit_basket();
+ assert!(basket.len() >= 3);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn at_least_five_fruits() {
+ let basket = fruit_basket();
+ assert!(basket.values().sum::() >= 5);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps2.rs b/exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a592569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// hashmaps2.rs
+//
+// We're collecting different fruits to bake a delicious fruit cake. For this,
+// we have a basket, which we'll represent in the form of a hash map. The key
+// represents the name of each fruit we collect and the value represents how
+// many of that particular fruit we have collected. Three types of fruits -
+// Apple (4), Mango (2) and Lychee (5) are already in the basket hash map. You
+// must add fruit to the basket so that there is at least one of each kind and
+// more than 11 in total - we have a lot of mouths to feed. You are not allowed
+// to insert any more of these fruits!
+//
+// Make me pass the tests!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint hashmaps2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+#[derive(Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Fruit {
+ Apple,
+ Banana,
+ Mango,
+ Lychee,
+ Pineapple,
+}
+
+fn fruit_basket(basket: &mut HashMap) {
+ let fruit_kinds = vec![
+ Fruit::Apple,
+ Fruit::Banana,
+ Fruit::Mango,
+ Fruit::Lychee,
+ Fruit::Pineapple,
+ ];
+
+ for fruit in fruit_kinds {
+ // TODO: Insert new fruits if they are not already present in the
+ // basket. Note that you are not allowed to put any type of fruit that's
+ // already present!
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ // Don't modify this function!
+ fn get_fruit_basket() -> HashMap {
+ let mut basket = HashMap::::new();
+ basket.insert(Fruit::Apple, 4);
+ basket.insert(Fruit::Mango, 2);
+ basket.insert(Fruit::Lychee, 5);
+
+ basket
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_given_fruits_are_not_modified() {
+ let mut basket = get_fruit_basket();
+ fruit_basket(&mut basket);
+ assert_eq!(*basket.get(&Fruit::Apple).unwrap(), 4);
+ assert_eq!(*basket.get(&Fruit::Mango).unwrap(), 2);
+ assert_eq!(*basket.get(&Fruit::Lychee).unwrap(), 5);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn at_least_five_types_of_fruits() {
+ let mut basket = get_fruit_basket();
+ fruit_basket(&mut basket);
+ let count_fruit_kinds = basket.len();
+ assert!(count_fruit_kinds >= 5);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn greater_than_eleven_fruits() {
+ let mut basket = get_fruit_basket();
+ fruit_basket(&mut basket);
+ let count = basket.values().sum::();
+ assert!(count > 11);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn all_fruit_types_in_basket() {
+ let mut basket = get_fruit_basket();
+ fruit_basket(&mut basket);
+ for amount in basket.values() {
+ assert_ne!(amount, &0);
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps3.rs b/exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps3.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36544ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/11_hashmaps/hashmaps3.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// hashmaps3.rs
+//
+// A list of scores (one per line) of a soccer match is given. Each line is of
+// the form : ",,,"
+// Example: England,France,4,2 (England scored 4 goals, France 2).
+//
+// You have to build a scores table containing the name of the team, goals the
+// team scored, and goals the team conceded. One approach to build the scores
+// table is to use a Hashmap. The solution is partially written to use a
+// Hashmap, complete it to pass the test.
+//
+// Make me pass the tests!
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint hashmaps3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+// A structure to store the goal details of a team.
+struct Team {
+ goals_scored: u8,
+ goals_conceded: u8,
+}
+
+fn build_scores_table(results: String) -> HashMap {
+ // The name of the team is the key and its associated struct is the value.
+ let mut scores: HashMap = HashMap::new();
+
+ for r in results.lines() {
+ let v: Vec<&str> = r.split(',').collect();
+ let team_1_name = v[0].to_string();
+ let team_1_score: u8 = v[2].parse().unwrap();
+ let team_2_name = v[1].to_string();
+ let team_2_score: u8 = v[3].parse().unwrap();
+ // TODO: Populate the scores table with details extracted from the
+ // current line. Keep in mind that goals scored by team_1
+ // will be the number of goals conceded by team_2, and similarly
+ // goals scored by team_2 will be the number of goals conceded by
+ // team_1.
+ }
+ scores
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ fn get_results() -> String {
+ let results = "".to_string()
+ + "England,France,4,2\n"
+ + "France,Italy,3,1\n"
+ + "Poland,Spain,2,0\n"
+ + "Germany,England,2,1\n";
+ results
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn build_scores() {
+ let scores = build_scores_table(get_results());
+
+ let mut keys: Vec<&String> = scores.keys().collect();
+ keys.sort();
+ assert_eq!(
+ keys,
+ vec!["England", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Poland", "Spain"]
+ );
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn validate_team_score_1() {
+ let scores = build_scores_table(get_results());
+ let team = scores.get("England").unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(team.goals_scored, 5);
+ assert_eq!(team.goals_conceded, 4);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn validate_team_score_2() {
+ let scores = build_scores_table(get_results());
+ let team = scores.get("Spain").unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(team.goals_scored, 0);
+ assert_eq!(team.goals_conceded, 2);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/12_options/README.md b/exercises/12_options/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdd3374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/12_options/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Options
+
+Type Option represents an optional value: every Option is either Some and contains a value, or None, and does not.
+Option types are very common in Rust code, as they have a number of uses:
+
+- Initial values
+- Return values for functions that are not defined over their entire input range (partial functions)
+- Return value for otherwise reporting simple errors, where None is returned on error
+- Optional struct fields
+- Struct fields that can be loaned or "taken"
+- Optional function arguments
+- Nullable pointers
+- Swapping things out of difficult situations
+
+## Further Information
+
+- [Option Enum Format](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch10-01-syntax.html#in-enum-definitions)
+- [Option Module Documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/)
+- [Option Enum Documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html)
+- [if let](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/if_let.html)
+- [while let](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/while_let.html)
diff --git a/exercises/12_options/options1.rs b/exercises/12_options/options1.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e131b48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/12_options/options1.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// options1.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint options1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+// This function returns how much icecream there is left in the fridge.
+// If it's before 10PM, there's 5 pieces left. At 10PM, someone eats them
+// all, so there'll be no more left :(
+fn maybe_icecream(time_of_day: u16) -> Option {
+ // We use the 24-hour system here, so 10PM is a value of 22 and 12AM is a
+ // value of 0 The Option output should gracefully handle cases where
+ // time_of_day > 23.
+ // TODO: Complete the function body - remember to return an Option!
+ ???
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::*;
+
+ #[test]
+ fn check_icecream() {
+ assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(9), Some(5));
+ assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(10), Some(5));
+ assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(23), Some(0));
+ assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(22), Some(0));
+ assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(25), None);
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn raw_value() {
+ // TODO: Fix this test. How do you get at the value contained in the
+ // Option?
+ let icecreams = maybe_icecream(12);
+ assert_eq!(icecreams, 5);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/exercises/12_options/options2.rs b/exercises/12_options/options2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d998e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/12_options/options2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// options2.rs
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint options2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
+// hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ #[test]
+ fn simple_option() {
+ let target = "rustlings";
+ let optional_target = Some(target);
+
+ // TODO: Make this an if let statement whose value is "Some" type
+ word = optional_target {
+ assert_eq!(word, target);
+ }
+ }
+
+ #[test]
+ fn layered_option() {
+ let range = 10;
+ let mut optional_integers: Vec