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kill

terminate or signal a process

References

Quickstart

# Get PID of process
pidof nginx
pgrep nginx
ps aux | grep nginx
ps -ef | grep nginx

# kill
kill pid        # Kill a process
kill -9 pid     # Force to kill
kill -1 pid     # Kill & then restart it
kill -s HUP pid

# e.g.
$ pidof nginx
507 541
$ kill -1 507 541
# or
$ pkill -HUP nginx

Options

  • -s, --signal <signal> Specify the signal to send.
    • The signal may be given as a signal name or number.
  • -l, --list <signal> Print a list of signal names, or convert signal given as argument to a name.
    • The signals are found in /usr/include/linux/signal.h

Usage

Common

Process ID <pid>

  • How to get
pidof <process_name>
pgrep <process_name>
ps aux | grep <process_name>
ps -ef | grep <process_name>
……

Kill process

  • give the target process a chance to clean up
    • terminal sub-process
kill <pid>
## aka.
kill -15 <pid>
## aka. on BSD
kill -s TERM <pid>
## aka. on Linux
kill -s SIGTERM <pid>

Force to kill process

  • sub-processes may not be killed
kill -9 <pid>
## aka. on BSD
kill -s KILL <pid>
## aka. on Linux
kill -s SIGKILL <pid>

Kill process & then restart it

kill -1 <pid>
# aka on BSD
kill -s HUP <pid>
# or on Linux
kill -s SIGHUP <pid>

List Signals

$ kill -l
 1) SIGHUP       2) SIGINT       3) SIGQUIT      4) SIGILL       5) SIGTRAP
 2) SIGABRT      7) SIGBUS       8) SIGFPE       9) SIGKILL     10) SIGUSR1
11)  SIGSEGV     12) SIGUSR2     13) SIGPIPE     14) SIGALRM     15) SIGTERM
16)  SIGSTKFLT   17) SIGCHLD     18) SIGCONT     19) SIGSTOP     20) SIGTSTP
21)  SIGTTIN     22) SIGTTOU     23) SIGURG      24) SIGXCPU     25) SIGXFSZ
26)  SIGVTALRM   27) SIGPROF     28) SIGWINCH    29) SIGIO       30) SIGPWR
31)  SIGSYS      34) SIGRTMIN    35) SIGRTMIN+1  36) SIGRTMIN+2  37) SIGRTMIN+3
38)  SIGRTMIN+4  39) SIGRTMIN+5  40) SIGRTMIN+6  41) SIGRTMIN+7  42) SIGRTMIN+8
43)  SIGRTMIN+9  44) SIGRTMIN+10 45) SIGRTMIN+11 46) SIGRTMIN+12 47) SIGRTMIN+13
48)  SIGRTMIN+14 49) SIGRTMIN+15 50) SIGRTMAX-14 51) SIGRTMAX-13 52) SIGRTMAX-12
53)  SIGRTMAX-11 54) SIGRTMAX-10 55) SIGRTMAX-9  56) SIGRTMAX-8  57) SIGRTMAX-7
58)  SIGRTMAX-6  59) SIGRTMAX-5  60) SIGRTMAX-4  61) SIGRTMAX-3  62) SIGRTMAX-2
63)  SIGRTMAX-1  64) SIGRTMAX

See Also

  • killall Kill processes by name
  • pgrep Find processes by name
  • pkill Signal processes by name

killall

kill processes by name

Usage

Kill processes by name

killall <process_name>

Kill all processes that a specific user owns

killall -u <username>

Only returns after the process dies

killall -w <process_name>

Options

  • -u <username> Limit potentially matching processes to those belonging to the specified user
  • -w | --wait Wait for all killed processes to die
    • Note that killall may wait forever if the signal was ignored, had no effect, or if the process stays in zombie state.