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VIM Tutorial ($ vimtutor)

Chapter 0

  • Personal configuration of VIM: ~/.vimrc -> Check Chapter 7
  • There are 3 stages in VIM:
    1. Command
    2. Insert = i
    3. View = v
  • You can escape from each stage with esc button.
  • Move cursor in command mode:
    • Left arrow = h
    • Right Arrow = l
    • Up Arrow = k
    • Down Arrow = j
  • Moving between pages:
    • Ctrl+b = Move a full Page up/back
    • Ctrl+f = Move a full Page down/front
    • Ctrl+u = Move a half Page up
    • Ctrl+d = Move a half Page down
  • :q = [quit]
  • :q! = [quit] without write/save
  • :qw = [quit] with save
  • :w = [write] save
  • :x = :wq = ZZ = Write and Exit

Chapter 1

  • a = [append] -> Start from a character
  • A = [Append] -> Go to end of line and append
  • x = Delete a character under the cursor
    • xp = Substitute character under cursor with next character
  • X = Delete a character backward

Chapter 2

  • d = [Delete] + KEYWORD
    • w = [Word] + space
    • e = [End] -> from place of cursor to the end of word
    • $ = to the end of line
  • w = [Word] -> Go to next word
  • e = [End] -> Go to end of word
  • 0 or ^ = Go to beginning of line
  • $ = Go to end of line
  • Combination (Operator[number]motion):
    • d3w = Delete next 3 words
    • d$ = Delete whole line from cursor's position to the end of line
    • ce = [change] until the end of word + enter Insert mode
  • dd = delete whole line without consideration of cursor's position
    • yy = [Yank Yank] paste the deleted line in place of cursor
  • u = [undo] undo a single character
  • U = [Undo] undo a whole line changes
  • Ctrl+r = [redo]

Chapter 3

  • P = [Put] previously deleted text under/after the cursor
  • rX = [replace] replace the character under cursor with X

Chapter 4

  • Ctrl+g = Show line numbers and your cursor's position
  • gg = Go to top of file
  • G = Go to end of file
  • NUM+G = Go to line number NUM
  • NUM+H = Go to NUMth line from top of screen
  • NUM+L = Go to NUMth line from bottom of screen
  • Search
    • / = Forward search
    • ? = Backward search
    • n = Go to next word in search
    • N = Go to previous word in search
    • Ctrl+O = Go backward to where you came from
    • Ctrl+I = Go forward from where you went with Ctrl+O
    • /KEYWORD\c = \c will ignore case sensitivity search for just a single time
  • % = Matching (), {}, [] in current line
  • Substitution
    • :s/OLD/NEW = To substitute NEW for the first OLD in a line
    • :s/OLD/NEW/g = To substitute NEW for all 'OLD's on a line
    • :#,#s/OLD/NEW/g
      • #,# = are line numbers. From line # to line #
      • g = Globally (change all occurrences) in line
    • :%s/OLD/NEW/g
      • % = Whole file without considering specific line numbers
    • :%s/OLD/NEW/gc
      • c = Ask for confirmation whether to change it or not

Chapter 5

  • :! COMMAND = Execute the COMMAND with shell and show the result
  • :.! COMMAND = Execute the command and import command's output in VIM
  • :w FILENAME = Save this file to another file named FILENAME
  • v = Visual mode for selecting -> press v and select what you want with arrow keys, then press : and you can see :'<,'> on bottom. Finally you can decide what to do with your selection. For instance, you can save the selected part to another file and name it TEST. -> :'<,'>w TEST
  • V = Visual mode with line selection
  • v> = Forward indent for selected line(s)
  • v< = Backward indent for selected line(s)
  • Ctrl+v = Visual mode with block selection
  • :r FILENAME = Retrieves file FILENAME from your hard disk and puts the FILENAME content below the cursor position.
  • :r !COMMAND = Reads the output of your COMMAND and puts it below the cursor position.

Chapter 6

  • o = [open] a line below the cursor + Enter Insert mode
  • O = [Open] a line above the cursor + Enter Insert mode
  • Append commands
    • a = [append] from next character of cursor
    • A = [Append] from end of line
    • i = [insert] exactly at the place of cursor
  • R = [Replace] mode is like insert mode, but every typed character deletes an existing character.
  • Copy and Paste
    1. Select your text in visual mode (v)
    2. y = [yank] copy your selected text
      • yw = [Yank Word] Copy the word under the cursor
      • yy = [Yank Yank] Copy the whole line including the newline character at the end of the line.
    3. p = [paste] wherever you want

Chapter 7

  • :help
    • Ctrl+w + Ctrl+w = (Hold down Ctrl button and press w button 2 times) to jump from one window to another.
    • :q = Close help window
  • :help KEYWORD = Find help on your KEYWORD
  • VIMRC
    • Most of the vim features are disabled by default. You have to enable them manually by creating a configuration file named vimrc
    • If you wanna add plugins, remember that they are only load during initialization.
    • You can see example of vimrc with this command in vim :r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
    • You can personalize your vimrc based on your programming language.
    • Some personal vimrc configurations:
      • :set number = Show line numbers
      • :set autoindent = Enable auto-indentation
      • :set hlsearch = Enable highlight in search
      • :set ic = Ignore case-sensitive in search
      • :set is = Show partial matches for a search phrase
    • :set noX = You can disable set X
  • Completion
    • :set nocp = To make sure Vim is not in compatible mode
    • Use : and choose a character, then press Ctrl+d to show a list of commands that start with your chosen character. You can even complete your command with TAB button if it's unique.
    • It's pretty helpful in :help or large files which you need different commands to complete your work.

Extended Chapter

  • Move cursor with mouse instead of arrow keys: :set mouse=a
  • Soft text wrapping: :set wrap linebreak nolist
  • Activate syntax highlighting: syntax on
  • Set tab for X spaces: :set shiftwidth=X
  • J = [Join] this line with the next line
  • . = Repeat the latest command
  • % = Go to the other side of bracket, curly bracket, or parenthesis in command mode.
  • :Explore = Access file manager from inside VIM
  • :Vexplore = Vertically split window and access file manager
  • :Sexplore = Horizontally split window and access file manager