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          <h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">Reformatted Alignment</h1>
          <div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=mhot7AUAAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank">Run-Ze Fan</a><sup>1,6</sup>,</span>
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="https://github.com/hongtangshui" target="_blank">Xuefeng Li</a><sup>1,6</sup>,</span>
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="https://openreview.net/profile?id=~Haoyang_Zou1" target="_blank">Haoyang Zou</a><sup>3,6</sup>,</span>
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="https://lockon-n.github.io/" target="_blank">Junlong Li</a><sup>1,6</sup>,</span>
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="https://shwai-he.github.io/" target="_blank">Shwai He</a><sup>4</sup>,</span>
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="https://ethanc111.github.io/" target="_blank">Ethan Chern</a><sup>1,6</sup>,</span>
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jiewen-hu/" target="_blank">Jiewen Hu</a><sup>5,6</sup>,</span>
              <span class="author-block">
              <a href="http://pfliu.com/" target="_blank">Pengfei Liu</a><sup>1,2,6*</sup>
            </span>
            <!-- <span class="author-block">
              <a href="http://sofienbouaziz.com">Sofien Bouaziz</a><sup>2</sup>,
            </span>
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="https://www.danbgoldman.com">Dan B Goldman</a><sup>2</sup>,
            </span>
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~seitz/">Steven M. Seitz</a><sup>1,2</sup>,
            </span>
            <span class="author-block">
              <a href="http://www.ricardomartinbrualla.com">Ricardo Martin-Brualla</a><sup>2</sup>
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          <div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
            <span class="author-block"><sup>1</sup>Shanghai Jiao Tong University,</span>
            <span class="author-block"><sup>2</sup>Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,</span>
            <span class="author-block"><sup>3</sup>Fudan University,</span>
            <span class="author-block"><sup>4</sup>University of Maryland, College Park,</span>
            <span class="author-block"><sup>5</sup>CMU,</span>
            <span class="author-block"><sup>6</sup>Generative AI Research Lab (GAIR)</span>
            <span class="author-block"><sup>*</sup>Corresponding Author</span>
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        <h2 class="title is-3">Introduction</h2>
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          <p>
            We explores elevating the quality of existing instruction data to better align with human values, introducing a simple and effective approach named <b>ReAlign</b> (<b>Re</b>formatted <b>Align</b>ment), which <i>reformats</i> the responses of instruction data into a format that better aligns with pre-established criteria and the collated evidence.
This approach minimizes human annotation, hallucination, and the difficulty in scaling, remaining orthogonal to existing alignment techniques.
Experimentally, ReAlign significantly boosts the general alignment ability, math reasoning, factuality, and readability of the LLMs.
</p>
          <p>
            Encouragingly, <i>without</i> introducing any additional data or advanced training techniques, and merely by reformatting the response, LLaMA-2-13B's mathematical reasoning ability on GSM8K can be improved <b>from 46.77% to 56.63%</b> in accuracy.
Additionally, a mere 5% of ReAlign data yields a 67% boost in general alignment ability measured by the Alpaca dataset.
            This work highlights the need for further research into the <i>science</i> and <i>interpretability</i> of LLMs.
</p>
          <p>
The underlying <i>philosophy</i> of ReAlign is to re-coordinate the roles of humans and LLMs in the alignment process, leveraging their complementary strengths -- humans articulate their preferences, and LLMs, in turn, reconstruct instructions based on their generative power (e.g., instruction-following ability), without directly using distilled LLM knowledge.
Through this collaborative synergy, we expect the generated instruction data to be not only more contextually precise but also more closely aligned with human preferences.
          </p>
<figure>
            <img src="figs/Math_Results.jpg" width=100% alt="Description of first image"/>
  <figcaption>
    The accuracy of the GSM8K test set for LLaMA-2-13B and Mistral-7B models fine-tuned on the training set of GSM8K and MATH with and without <b>ReAlign</b>. (a): Training and testing on GSM8K. (b): Training on MATH and testing on GSM8K (Out-of-Distribution Setting).
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        <h2 class="title is-3">Methodology</h2>
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          <figure>
            <img src="figs/overall_figs.jpg" width=100% alt="Description of second image"/>
  <figcaption>
    An overview of our <strong>ReAlign</strong> including three steps. KILT denotes Knowledge Intensive Language Tasks.
    </figcaption>
</figure>

          <p>The ReAlign process unfolds in three main steps. </p>

          <p>The first step involves <b>criteria definition</b>, where humans define their preferences (e.g., the preferred format of responses) in various scenarios in the form of natural language.
  In this paper, we meticulously define criteria for 46 distinct scenarios. </p>

          <p>The second step, <b>retrieval augmentation</b>, broadens the knowledge base for knowledge-intensive tasks like open-domain QA and fact verification. This is achieved by incorporating additional information, thereby improving the factuality and informativeness of responses. </p>

          <p>The final step, <b>reformatting</b>, aims to re-align the responses with the pre-established criteria and the collated evidence, guaranteeing outputs that are both structured and substantiated.</p>
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        <h2 class="title is-3">Examples</h2>
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<figure>
            <img src="figs/intro_graph.jpg" width=80% alt="Description of third image"/>
  <figcaption>
<b>ReAlign</b> realigns the original response with the pre-defined criteria to be a better format.
  </figcaption>
</figure>

          <figure>
            <img src="figs/model_example.jpg" width=100% alt="Description of fourth image"/>
  <figcaption>
    An example of the response from the original model and the response from the <b>ReAlign</b> Model.
  </figcaption>
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        <h2 class="title is-3">Results</h2>
        <div class="content has-text-justified">

          <figure>
            <img src="figs/alignment_results.jpg" width=100% alt="Description of fifth image"/>
  <figcaption>
    The results of the general alignment ability on the original datasets and the ReAlign datasets.
  </figcaption>
</figure>

           <figure>
            <img src="figs/math_reasoning.jpg" width=60% alt="Description of sixth image"/>
  <figcaption>
The results of math reasoning on GSM8K, MATH and them + ReAlign based on LLaMA-2-13B and Mistral-7B. We test models on both GSM8K and MATH test sets. We report the accuracy by exact matching.
  </figcaption>
</figure>

          <figure>
            <img src="figs/factuality_results.jpg" width=60% alt="Description of seventh image"/>
  <figcaption>
    The results of the factuality score.
  </figcaption>
</figure>

          <figure>
            <img src="figs/readability_results.jpg" width=100% alt="Description of eighth image"/>
  <figcaption>
    The readability win-rate of the original dataset + ReAlign against the original dataset based on LLaMA-2-13B, judged by GPT-4 and human.
  </figcaption>
</figure>

          <figure>
            <img src="figs/scaling_law.jpg" width=80% alt="Description of ninth image"/>
  <figcaption>
The scaling trends in ReAlign data percentage, including general alignment ability and knowledge ability. We conduct the experiment in the Alpaca dataset based on LLaMA-2-13B.
  </figcaption>
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<section class="section" id="BibTeX">
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    <h2 class="title">BibTeX</h2>
    <pre><code>@article{fan2024reformatted,
      title={Reformatted Alignment},
      author={Fan, Run-Ze and Li, Xuefeng and Zou, Haoyang and Li, Junlong and He, Shwai and Chern, Ethan and Hu, Jiewen and Liu, Pengfei},
      year={2024},
      journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.12219},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.12219}
}</code></pre>
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