Replace flake8, isort, pydocstyle, and pylint with Ruff

[redeboer]

See https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff and its VSCode extension. Seems to be used by an increasing number of repositories. Might be nice to replace Pylint, which is way too slow in most ComPWA repositories.

Major advantages:

• Extremely fast
• All linters contained in one (greatly reduces dependencies as well as the .pre-commit-config.yaml)
• Perfect autofix integration through both VSCode as well as pre-commit
• Quickly add noqa statements from VSCode with Quick fix (Ctrl+.). Hovering over the added ignored code shows more info about that error code.
• Great error code documentation
• Simplifies Merge developer configurations into pyproject.toml #98

Disadvantage for now: the package marks itself as beta, see e.g. its website URL beta.ruff.rs.

Implementation PRs

Beta Give feedback

1. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter qrules#222
   🔨 Maintenance +1
   
2. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter ampform#354
   🔨 Maintenance +1
   
3. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter ampform-dpd#76
   🔨 Maintenance +1
   
4. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter tensorwaves#492
   🔨 Maintenance +1
   
5. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter compwa-org#198
   🔨 Maintenance +1
   
6. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter PWA-pages#189
   🔨 Maintenance +1
   
7. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter update-pip-constraints#7
   Bug 🔨 Maintenance +2
   
8. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter polarimetry#308
   🔨 Maintenance +1
   
9. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter sphinx-hep-pdgref#28
   🔨 Maintenance +1
   
10. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter benchmarks#17
    🔨 Maintenance +1
    
11. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter redeboer/pawian-tools#36
    🔨 Maintenance +1
    
12. DX!: switch to Ruff as linter redeboer/bossdoc#44
    🔨 Maintenance +1