Add inheritance exercise

Author: AliQassab

prep-exercises/inheritance.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+class Parent:
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        self.first_name = first_name
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_name(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}"
+
+
+class Child(Parent):
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
+        self.previous_last_names: list[str] = []
+
+    def change_last_name(self, last_name: str) -> None:
+        self.previous_last_names.append(self.last_name)
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_full_name(self) -> str:
+        suffix = ""
+        if len(self.previous_last_names) > 0:
+            suffix = f" (née {self.previous_last_names[0]})"
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}{suffix}"
+
+
+print("Creating Child instance:")
+person1 = Child("Sarah", "Johnson")
+print(f"Name: {person1.get_name()}")
+print(f"Full name: {person1.get_full_name()}")
+
+print("\nChanging last name to Smith:")
+person1.change_last_name("Smith")
+print(f"Name: {person1.get_name()}")
+print(f"Full name: {person1.get_full_name()}")
+
+print("\nCreating Parent instance:")
+person2 = Parent("Emma", "Wilson")
+print(f"Name: {person2.get_name()}")
+
+# person2.change_last_name("Brown")  # Error: Parent doesn't have change_last_name method