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There are a series of well-known OWL models that are used for concepts relevant to Loc-I. These include both the technical, structural, models of how to represent data elements generally and also the conceptual models of particular domains' concepts. The following models are used by Loc-I:
Table M1: Background models used in LongSpine
| Ontology | Description | Role in Loc-I |
|---|---|---|
| Resource Description Framework (RDF) | The fundamental data model used for Semantic Web and Linked Data applications. It models objects and relations. | Required for any RDF-based system |
| RDF Schema (RDFS) | A schema on top of RDF for modelling types of things and specailisations | Required for most RDF-based systems |
| Web Ontology Language (OWL) | An extension to RDFS that uses set theory to describe detailed relationships between things | Allows for nuanced classes of object, like different Organisations |
| Dublin Core Terms | A vocabulary of basic annotation properties for things like title, description, source, created date etc. | Allows for basic annotations on many LongSpine objects |
| schema.org | A large, general-purpose, OWL model of common classes of objects and relations | Used for basic object types like Person and properties like birthDate |
| Time Ontology in OWL (TIME) | An OWL ontology of temporal concepts, for describing the temporal properties of resources | Used for all LongSpine real-world temporality |
| The Dataset Catalogue Vocabulary (DCAT) | An OWL ontology designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web | Used to describe LongSpine Datasets at the whole-of-dataset level |
| Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets (VoID) | An OWL ontology for expressing metadata about RDF datasets, particularly relations between them | Used primarily for its definition of a Linkset |
| The Organization Ontology (ORG) | An OWL core ontology for organizational structures | Used as the basis for LongSpine organisations modelling |
| Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) | An OWL model for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, folksonomies | Used to structure the vocabularies and thesauri of government functions |
All of these models are loaded into the Loc-I reference cache, i.e. individual Datasets and Linksets, as a series of Named Graphs which means, they can be selected for use, or excluded, within individual queries against the Loc-I reference cache.