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Ubuntu安装OpenGL
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<p>在Ubuntu上安装并使用OpenGL库。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="1-简介">1.简介</h2>
<blockquote>
<p> OpenGL主要包括三个函数库，它们是核心库(gl)、实用函数库(glu)和编程辅助库(aux)。</p>
<p>目前AUX编程辅助库已经很大程度上被GLUT库取代了。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="2-安装">2.安装</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>按照：<btn><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenGL_Programming/Installation/Linux" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官网</a></btn><br>
说明的步骤安装：</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install build-essential libgl1-mesa-dev</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install libglew-dev libsdl2-dev libsdl2-image-dev libglm-dev libfreetype6-dev</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install libglfw3-dev libglfw3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>这样安装完即可使用。但是，这里我安装了一些其他的库：</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="OpenGL核心库，GL">OpenGL核心库，GL</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="OpenGL实用函数库，GLU">OpenGL实用函数库，GLU</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa-dev</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="OpenGL实用工具包，GLUT">OpenGL实用工具包，GLUT</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 上面的命令若不行，就用如下命令：</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install libglut-dev</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="查看OpenGL的安装情况">查看OpenGL的安装情况</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt install mesa-utils</span><br><span class="line">glxinfo | grep OpenGL</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="3-简单的CPP测试程序">3.简单的CPP测试程序</h2>
<figure class="highlight cpp"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// test.cpp</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span><span class="meta-string"><GL/glut.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">include</span><span class="meta-string"><stdlib.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 初始化材料属性、光源属性、光照模型，打开深度缓冲区</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">init</span><span class="params">()</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> GLfloat mat_specular [] = { <span class="number">1.0</span>, <span class="number">1.0</span>, <span class="number">1.0</span>, <span class="number">1.0</span> };</span><br><span class="line"> GLfloat mat_shininess [] = { <span class="number">50.0</span> };</span><br><span class="line"> GLfloat light_position [] = { <span class="number">1.0</span>, <span class="number">1.0</span>, <span class="number">1.0</span>, <span class="number">0.0</span> };</span><br><span class="line"> glClearColor(<span class="number">0.0</span>, <span class="number">0.0</span>, <span class="number">0.0</span>, <span class="number">0.0</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);</span><br><span class="line"> glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);</span><br><span class="line"> glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_shininess);</span><br><span class="line"> glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);</span><br><span class="line"> glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);</span><br><span class="line"> glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);</span><br><span class="line"> glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 调用GLUT函数，绘制一个球</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">display</span><span class="params">()</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);</span><br><span class="line"> glutSolidSphere(<span class="number">1.0</span>, <span class="number">40</span>, <span class="number">50</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> glFlush();</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> argc, <span class="keyword">char</span>** argv)</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// GLUT环境初始化</span></span><br><span class="line"> glutInit(&argc, argv);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 显示模式初始化</span></span><br><span class="line"> glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 定义窗口大小</span></span><br><span class="line"> glutInitWindowSize(<span class="number">300</span>, <span class="number">300</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 定义窗口位置</span></span><br><span class="line"> glutInitWindowPosition(<span class="number">100</span>, <span class="number">100</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 显示窗口，窗口标题为执行函数名 */</span></span><br><span class="line"> glutCreateWindow(argv[<span class="number">0</span>]);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 调用OpenGL初始化函数</span></span><br><span class="line"> init();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 注册OpenGL绘图函数</span></span><br><span class="line"> glutDisplayFunc(display);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 进入GLUT消息循环，开始执行程序</span></span><br><span class="line"> glutMainLoop();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-测试执行">4.测试执行</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>编译并链接，生成可执行文件：</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>g++ -o test test.cpp -lGL -lGLU -lglut</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>执行可执行文件：</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>./test</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>说明：</p>
<blockquote>
<p> 后面的-l命令之前很少用，因为没有用过动态库。-l+动态库名，表示链接时链接该库，相当于windows下的添加dll库文件。</p>
<ul>
<li>-lGL：就是链接到gl库</li>
<li>-lGLU：就是链接到glu库</li>
<li>-lglut：就是链接到glut库</li>
</ul>
<p>编译并链接，生成可执行文件，就可以执行了。</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="warning">
<p>注意：这里的GL和GLU必须大写，glut必须小写。</p>
</div>
<p>执行结果如图：</p>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/crainyday/blog@master/lazyload.svg" data-original="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/crainyday/blog@master/imgs/ubuntu/Ubuntu_004_01.png" alt="Ubuntu_004_01"></p>
<h2 id="5-在Sublime中配置OpenGL">5.在Sublime中配置OpenGL</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>在Sublime中依次选择：<code>Tools</code>→<code>Build System</code>→<code>New Build System</code>，之后输入下列配置并保存即可：</p>
<p>我这里是保存的文件名为<code>OpenGL.sublime-build</code>。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"shell_cmd"</span>: <span class="string">"g++ \"${file}\" -o \"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" \"-lGL\" \"-lGLU\" \"-lglut\""</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"file_regex"</span>: <span class="string">"^(..[^:]*):([0-9]+):?([0-9]+)?:? (.*)$"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"working_dir"</span>: <span class="string">"${file_path}"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"selector"</span>: <span class="string">"source.c, source.c++"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"variants"</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> [</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"name"</span>: <span class="string">"Run"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">"shell_cmd"</span>: <span class="string">"./\"${file_base_name}\""</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> ]</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>之后，依次选择：<code>Tools</code>→<code>Build With...</code>→<code>OpenGL </code>即可编译并链接生成可执行文件。</li>
<li>依次选择：<code>Tools</code>→<code>Build With...</code>→<code>OpenGL - Run</code>即可运行。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/crainyday/blog@master/lazyload.svg" data-original="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/crainyday/blog@master/imgs/ubuntu/Ubuntu_004_02.png" alt="Ubuntu_004_02"></p>
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<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-简介"><span class="toc-text">1.简介</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-安装"><span class="toc-text">2.安装</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#OpenGL核心库，GL"><span class="toc-text">OpenGL核心库，GL</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#OpenGL实用函数库，GLU"><span class="toc-text">OpenGL实用函数库，GLU</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#OpenGL实用工具包，GLUT"><span class="toc-text">OpenGL实用工具包，GLUT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#查看OpenGL的安装情况"><span class="toc-text">查看OpenGL的安装情况</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-简单的CPP测试程序"><span class="toc-text">3.简单的CPP测试程序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-测试执行"><span class="toc-text">4.测试执行</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-在Sublime中配置OpenGL"><span class="toc-text">5.在Sublime中配置OpenGL</span></a></li></ol>
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