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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<a title='DOM操作网页样式' href='/JSDOM1-4.html'><img class='thumbnail' src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/crainyday/blog@master/imgs/more/more01.png'></a>
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DOM操作网页样式
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<p>发布于：2019年4月15日</p>
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<p>通过JS的DOM操作网页的样式</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="一-JS操作元素内联样式">一.JS操作元素内联样式</h2>
<ul>
<li>语法: <font style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>元素.style.样式名 = 样式值;</font></li>
<li>注意: 若CSS样式名中含有-, 例: background-color(即背景)</li>
<li> 这种名称在JS中不允许, 需要将其改为驼峰命名, 例: backgroundColor</li>
<li> 即, 去掉样式名中的-, 并将-后的字母改为大写.</li>
<li>忘记的话, 可以查看W3School手册中的CSS样式</li>
</ul>
<p><font style='font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;'>注意: 通过JSDOM操作元素的style属性读取或修改的样式都是内联样式, 不能读或改CSS的样式, 内联样式拥有较高的优先级, 所以通过JS修改的样式会立即执行.</font></p>
<p> <font style='font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold;'>但是, 若在样式中写了 !important ,则此时样式会有最高的优先级, 无法用JS覆盖该样式. 所以尽量不要用 !important 声明样式.</font></p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">html</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">head</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"UTF-8"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">title</span>></span>index<span class="tag"></<span class="name">title</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>></span><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="built_in">window</span>.onload = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> box = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementsByClassName(<span class="string">"box"</span>)[<span class="number">0</span>];</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> btn = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">"btn01"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> btn.onclick = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">()</span></span>{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> box.style.width = <span class="string">"300px"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> box.style.height = <span class="string">"300px"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> box.style.backgroundColor = <span class="string">"yellow"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> };</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> };</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> </span><span class="tag"></<span class="name">script</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">style</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/css"</span>></span><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css"> <span class="selector-class">.box</span>{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> width: 100px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> height: 100px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> /*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> *若在red后加!important,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> *JS不能通过style修改背景颜色</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> background-color: red !important;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> }</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> </span><span class="tag"></<span class="name">style</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">head</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">body</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">button</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"btn01"</span>></span>修改样式<span class="tag"></<span class="name">button</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"box"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">div</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">body</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">html</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="二-读取元素的生效样式">二.读取元素的生效样式</h2>
<ul>
<li>语法: <font style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>元素.currentStyle.样式名;</font></li>
<li>currentStyle只有IE和Opera支持, 通过currentStyle读取元素样式, 若改样式没有值, 则返回其默认值, 如: currentStyle.width 为auto</li>
<li>别的浏览器(IE9+)可以用window的getComputeStyle方法</li>
<li> 该方法返回一个对象, 该对象封装了指定元素对应的样式</li>
<li> 参数: ①要获取样式的元素②可以传递一个伪元素, 一般传null</li>
<li> 通过该对象读取的样式没有值, 也会返回默认值, 但有点不一样, 它返回的为具体的值.</li>
</ul>
<p> <font style="color:red;font-size:1.2em;">注意: 通过currentStyle和getComputeStyle()方式只能读取元素的样式, 不能修改.要想修改样式, 必须使用style属性</font></p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">html</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">head</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"UTF-8"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">title</span>></span>index<span class="tag"></<span class="name">title</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>></span><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="built_in">window</span>.onload = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> box = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementsByClassName(<span class="string">"box"</span>)[<span class="number">0</span>];</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> btn = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">"btn01"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> btn.onclick = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> css = <span class="built_in">window</span>.getComputedStyle(box, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> w = css.width;<span class="comment">//w为多少px</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> h = css.height;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="comment">//正常浏览器的方式(IE8及一下):</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> bgc = css.backgroundColor;<span class="comment">//bgc为rgb值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> alert(<span class="string">"宽:"</span> + w + <span class="string">";高:"</span> + h + <span class="string">";背景色:"</span> + bgc);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> w = box.currentStyle.with;<span class="comment">//w为auto</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="comment">//IE浏览器的方式:</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> bgc = box.currentStyle.backgroundColor;<span class="comment">//bgc为样式的值</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> };</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> };</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> </span><span class="tag"></<span class="name">script</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">style</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/css"</span>></span><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css"> <span class="selector-class">.box</span>{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> height: 100px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> }</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> </span><span class="tag"></<span class="name">style</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">head</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">body</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">button</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"btn01"</span>></span>显示样式值<span class="tag"></<span class="name">button</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"box"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">div</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">body</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">html</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="三-getStyle">三.getStyle()</h2>
<ul>
<li>二中提到的获取元素样式的方式, currentStyle只支持IE, 而getComputedStyle()方式不支持IE8及一下.</li>
<li>我们可以自己定义一个函数getStyle(), 用来获取指定元素的样式</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">head</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">style</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/css"</span>></span><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css"> <span class="selector-class">.box</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> height: 100px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> }</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> </span><span class="tag"></<span class="name">style</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">head</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">body</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">button</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"btn01"</span>></span>显示样式值<span class="tag"></<span class="name">button</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"box"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">div</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>></span><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getStyle</span><span class="params">(obj, name)</span> </span>{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(<span class="built_in">window</span>.getComputedStyle) {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="comment">//一般浏览器调用</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="keyword">return</span> getComputedStyle(obj, <span class="literal">null</span>)[name];</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="comment">//IE8及一下时调用</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="keyword">return</span> obj.currentStyle[name];</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> }</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> }</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> box = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementsByClassName(<span class="string">"box"</span>)[<span class="number">0</span>];</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> btn = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">"btn01"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> btn.onclick = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> w = getStyle(box,<span class="string">"width"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> h = getStyle(box,<span class="string">"height"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> <span class="keyword">var</span> bgc = getStyle(box,<span class="string">"backgroundColor"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"> alert(<span class="string">"宽:"</span> + w + <span class="string">";高:"</span> + h + <span class="string">";背景色:"</span> + bgc);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> };</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"> </span><span class="tag"></<span class="name">script</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">body</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="四-其他样式相关属性">四.其他样式相关属性</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>属性</th>
<th>描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>element.clientHeight</td>
<td>返回元素的可见高度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.clientWidth</td>
<td>返回元素的可见宽度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.offsetHeight</td>
<td>返回元素的高度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.offsetWidth</td>
<td>返回元素的宽度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.offsetParent</td>
<td>返回元素的偏移容器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.offsetLeft</td>
<td>返回元素的水平偏移位置</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.offsetTop</td>
<td>返回元素的垂直偏移位置</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.scrollHeight</td>
<td>返回元素的整体高度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.scrollWidth</td>
<td>返回元素的整体宽度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.scrollLeft</td>
<td>返回元素左边缘与视图之间的距离</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>element.scrollTop</td>
<td>返回元素上边缘与视图之间的距离</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote>
<p>clientHeight、clientWidth: 获取元素可见宽度、高度值(返回数字, 不包括px), 不能修改<br>
可见高度和宽度指内容区和内边距(width/height+padding)</p>
<p>offsetHeight、offsetWidth: 获取元素整个的宽度、高度(可见+boder)</p>
<p>offsetParent: 获取当前元素的定位父元素, 即距当前元素最近的开启了定位的祖先元素, 若所有的祖先元素都没开启定位, 则返回body.</p>
<p>offsetLeft、offsetTop: 获取当前元素相对于定位父元素的偏移量</p>
<p>scrollHeight、scrollWidth: 获取元素整个滚动区域的高度、宽度</p>
<p>scrollLeft、scrollTop: 获取滚动条滚动的距离, 注意: chrome认为浏览器的滚动条是body的, 火狐等浏览器认为浏览器的滚动条是html的.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>当scrollHeight - scrollTop == clientHeight时, 说明垂直滚动条已经滚动到底<br>
当scrollWidth - scrollLeft == clientWidth时, 说明水平滚动条已经滚动到底</p>
</blockquote>
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一.事件对象
事件对象: 当事件对应的响应函数被触发时, 浏览器每次都会将一个事件对象作为实参传递进响应函数, 在事件对象中封装了当前事件相关的一切信息, 比如: 鼠标坐标、键盘...</p>
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body
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