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JDBC-以OOP编写JDBC程序
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<p>以OOP(即面向对象编程)编写 JDBC 程序</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="1-JDBC工具类">1.JDBC工具类</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>将一些常用的 JDBC 方法封装成一个 JDBC 工具类, 方便管理及调用.</p>
<p>下面程序中的配置文件 jdbc.properties 必须在当前项目的 src 目录下.</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.io.InputStream;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.Connection;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.DriverManager;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.ResultSet;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.SQLException;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.Statement;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.Properties;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 操作 JDBC 的工具类,封装了一些常用的方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">JDBCTools</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 获取数据库连接:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 通过读取配置文件,根据配置信息从数据库服务器获取一个连接</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@return</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@throws</span> Exception </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Connection <span class="title">getConnection</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> InputStream is = JDBCTools.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(<span class="string">"jdbc.properties"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> Properties pro = <span class="keyword">new</span> Properties();</span><br><span class="line"> pro.load(is);</span><br><span class="line"> String url = pro.getProperty(<span class="string">"jdbc"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> String user = pro.getProperty(<span class="string">"user"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> String password = pro.getProperty(<span class="string">"password"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> Class.forName(pro.getProperty(<span class="string">"driver"</span>));</span><br><span class="line"> Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> conn;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 通用的执行SQL更新语句,包括: Insert Delete Update语句, 不能执行select语句</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> sql</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">update</span><span class="params">(String sql)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> Connection conn = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> Statement state = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">try</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> conn = JDBCTools.getConnection();</span><br><span class="line"> state = conn.createStatement();</span><br><span class="line"> state.executeUpdate(sql);</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {</span><br><span class="line"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line"> }<span class="keyword">finally</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> JDBCTools.release(<span class="keyword">null</span>,state, conn);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 关闭 ResultSet 和 Statement 和 Connection</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> rs</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> state</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param</span> conn</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">release</span><span class="params">(ResultSet rs,Statement state,Connection conn)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(rs != <span class="keyword">null</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">try</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> rs.close();</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) {</span><br><span class="line"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(state != <span class="keyword">null</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">try</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> state.close();</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) {</span><br><span class="line"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(conn != <span class="keyword">null</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">try</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> conn.close();</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) {</span><br><span class="line"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="2-操作Student数据表中的数据">2.操作Student数据表中的数据</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>利用 Java 的对象操作数据表中的记录, 这里的 Java 对象之后会有个专业名词: JavaBean</p>
<p>处理表的记录时, 不再一个字段一个字段的处理, 而是把它们封装成一个对象, 统一处理.</p>
<p>可以称为 O-R映射 即 对象与关系(也可以说数据表)之间的映射, 对象的属性与数据表的字段一一对应.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="A-DB中的Student表">A.DB中的Student表</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>email</th>
<th>birth</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Bob</td>
<td><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></td>
<td>1997-01-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jane</td>
<td><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></td>
<td>1999-09-09</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Jhon</td>
<td><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></td>
<td>2000-10-01</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="B-Java中的Student对象">B.Java中的Student对象</h3>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.Date;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Student</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> id;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String name;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String email;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> Date date;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">Student</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">Student</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> id, String name, String email, Date date)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.id = id;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.name = name;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.email = email;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.date = date;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">getId</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> id;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">setId</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> id)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.id = id;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> name;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">setName</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.name = name;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">getEmail</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> email;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">setEmail</span><span class="params">(String email)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.email = email;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Date <span class="title">getDate</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> date;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">setDate</span><span class="params">(Date date)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.date = date;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">toString</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"Student [id="</span> + id + <span class="string">", name="</span> + name + <span class="string">", email="</span> + email + <span class="string">", date="</span> + date + <span class="string">"]"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="C-插入一条Student记录">C.插入一条Student记录</h3>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.Date;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.Scanner;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.junit.Test;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">TestJDBCOOP</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Test</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">testAddStudent</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> Student stu = getStudentFromConsole();</span><br><span class="line"> addStudent(stu);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> Student <span class="title">getStudentFromConsole</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> Student stu = <span class="keyword">new</span> Student();</span><br><span class="line"> Scanner scanner = <span class="keyword">new</span> Scanner(System.in);</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.print(<span class="string">"请输入学生ID:"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> stu.setId(scanner.nextInt());</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.print(<span class="string">"请输入学生Name:"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> stu.setName(scanner.next());</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.print(<span class="string">"请输入学生Email:"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> stu.setEmail(scanner.next());</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.print(<span class="string">"请输入学生Birth:"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> stu.setDate(Date.valueOf(scanner.next()));</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(stu.getDate());</span><br><span class="line"> scanner.close();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> stu;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">addStudent</span><span class="params">(Student stu)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> String sql = <span class="string">"INSERT INTO Student VALUES("</span></span><br><span class="line"> + stu.getId() +<span class="string">",'"</span></span><br><span class="line"> + stu.getName() + <span class="string">"','"</span></span><br><span class="line"> + stu.getEmail() + <span class="string">"','"</span></span><br><span class="line"> + stu.getDate() + <span class="string">"')"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(sql);</span><br><span class="line"> JDBCTools.update(sql);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="D-查询数据表">D.查询数据表</h3>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.io.FilterInputStream;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.io.IOException;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.Connection;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.Date;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.ResultSet;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.sql.Statement;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.Scanner;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.junit.Test;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">TestJDBCOOP</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Test</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">testSearchStudent</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> type = getSearchType();</span><br><span class="line"> Student stu = searchStudent(type);</span><br><span class="line"> showMsg(stu);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">showMsg</span><span class="params">(Student stu)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(stu == <span class="keyword">null</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"查无此人!"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }<span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(stu);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">getSearchType</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.print(<span class="string">"请输入查询类型:1.id查询 2.姓名查询"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/*这里注意,若仍采用 Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *当 scanner.close()时 System.in流也会被关闭,之后再用到该流时,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *会报 java.util.nosuchelementexception 异常</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> Scanner scanner = <span class="keyword">new</span> Scanner(<span class="keyword">new</span> FilterInputStream(System.in){</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">close</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> type = scanner.nextInt();</span><br><span class="line"> scanner.close();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(type != <span class="number">1</span> && type != <span class="number">2</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"输入的查询类型有误!"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> RuntimeException();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> type;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Student <span class="title">searchStudent</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> type)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> String sql = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> Scanner scanner = <span class="keyword">new</span> Scanner(System.in);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(type == <span class="number">1</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.print(<span class="string">"请输入要查询的id:"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> id = scanner.nextInt();</span><br><span class="line"> sql = <span class="string">"SELECT * FROM Student WHERE id = "</span> + id;</span><br><span class="line"> }<span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.print(<span class="string">"请输入要查询的Name:"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> String name = scanner.next();</span><br><span class="line"> sql = <span class="string">"SELECT * FROM Student WHERE name = '"</span> + name +<span class="string">"'"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> scanner.close();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> getStudent(sql);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> Student <span class="title">getStudent</span><span class="params">(String sql)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> Connection conn = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> Statement state = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> ResultSet rs = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> Student stu = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">try</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> conn = JDBCTools.getConnection();</span><br><span class="line"> state = conn.createStatement();</span><br><span class="line"> rs = state.executeQuery(sql);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(rs.next()) {</span><br><span class="line"> stu = <span class="keyword">new</span> Student(</span><br><span class="line"> rs.getInt(<span class="number">1</span>),</span><br><span class="line"> rs.getString(<span class="number">2</span>).trim(),</span><br><span class="line"> rs.getString(<span class="number">3</span>).trim(),</span><br><span class="line"> rs.getDate(<span class="number">4</span>));</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {</span><br><span class="line"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">finally</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> JDBCTools.release(rs, state, conn);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> stu;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> <font style="color:red;">注意: 一个方法A中使用了Scanner, 且在里面把它关闭了, 然后又在方法B里再用Scanner时Scanner in = new Scanner(<a href="http://System.in" target="_blank" rel="noopener">System.in</a>); 会报 java.util.nosuchelementexception 异常.</font></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Java提供的IO包中, 一般都会处理资源级联关闭, 即关闭最外层包装的流, 内层被包被的流也会被关闭.</p>
<p>在Scanner类中使用了一个InputStreamReader()输入流, 对System.in进行再次包装. 当调用Scanner的close()方法时, 会执行InputStreamReader的关闭操作, 即调用用该包装类的close(). 该操作又会调用其内部包装的Sysetm.in的close操作.</p>
<p><a href="http://xn--ScannerSystem-o50uh90bia29h012r7q7gj5lby9alm9cka.in" target="_blank" rel="noopener">若想解决关闭Scanner而不关闭System.in</a>, 只需要对传入Scanner构造方法的System.in做下包装就可以了, 新包装的流要注意: 1.不产生新的流资源 2.是一个InputStream的实现类 3.close方法为空实现</p>
<p>你也可以利用上述方法, 解决其他类似的问题.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Scanner scanner = <span class="keyword">new</span> Scanner(<span class="keyword">new</span> FilterInputStream(System.in){</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//当关闭到 FilterInputStream 对应的流时, 便不再向内层流关闭</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">close</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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