This is the central repository for the Debian mirror scripts. The scripts in this repository are written for the purposes of maintaining a Debian archive mirror (and shortly, a Debian bug mirror), but they should be easily generalizable.
Currently the following scripts are available:
- ftpsync - Used to sync an archive using rsync
- runmirrors - Used to notify leaf nodes of available updates
For impatient people, short usage instruction:
- Create a dedicated user for the whole mirror.
- Create a seperate directory for the mirror, writeable by the new user.
- Place the ftpsync script in the mirror user's $HOME/bin (or just $HOME)
- Place the ftpsync.conf.sample into $HOME/etc as ftpsync.conf and edit it to suit your system. You should at the very least change the TO= and RSYNC_HOST lines.
- Create $HOME/log (or wherever you point $LOGDIR to)
- If only you receive an update trigger,
Setup the .ssh/authorized_keys for the mirror user and place the public key of
your upstream mirror into it. Preface it with
no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty,command="~/bin/ftpsync",from="IPADDRESS"and replace $IPADDRESS with that of your upstream mirror. - You are finished
In order to receive different pushes or syncs from different archives, name the config file ftpsync-$ARCHIVE.conf and call the ftpsync script with the commandline "sync:archive:$ARCHIVE". Replace $ARCHIVE with a sensible value. If your upstream mirror pushes you using runmirrors bundled together with this sync script, you do not need to add the "sync:archive" parameter to the commandline, the scripts deal with it automatically.
Common names used in the Debian mirror network are:
- standard debian archive: default empty $ARCHIVE (ftpsync.conf)
- debian-ports archive: ARCHIVE=ports (ftpsync-ports.conf)
- debian-security archive: ARCHIVE=security (ftpsync-security.conf)
As always, you may use whatever scripts you want for your Debian mirror, but we STRONGLY recommend you to not invent your own. However, if you want to be listed as a mirror it MUST support the following minimal functionality:
-
Must perform a 2-stage sync The archive mirroring must be done in 2 stages. The first rsync run must ignore the index files. The correct exclude options for the first rsync run are:
--exclude Packages* --exclude Sources* --exclude Release* --exclude=InRelease --include=i18n/by-hash/** --exclude=i18n/* --exclude ls-lR*The first stage must not delete any files.
The second stage should then transfer the above excluded files and delete files that no longer belong on the mirror.
Rationale: If archive mirroring is done in a single stage, there will be periods of time during which the index files will reference files not yet mirrored.
-
Must not ignore pushes whil(e|st) running. If a push is received during a run of the mirror sync, it MUST NOT be ignored. The whole synchronization process must be rerun.
Rationale: Most implementations of Debian mirror scripts will leave the mirror in an inconsistent state in the event of a second push being received while the first sync is still running. It is likely that in the near future, the frequency of pushes will increase.
-
Should understand multi-stage pushes. The script should parse the arguments it gets via ssh, and if they contain a hint to only sync stage1 or stage2, then ONLY those steps SHOULD be performed.
Rationale: This enables us to coordinate the timing of the first and second stage pushes and minimize the time during which the archive is desynchronized. This is especially important for mirrors that are involved in a round robin or GeoDNS setup.
The minimum arguments the script has to understand are:
sync:stage1: Only sync stage1sync:stage2: Only sync stage2sync:all: Do everything. Default if none of stage1/2 are present.
There are more possible arguments, for a complete list see the ftpsync script in our git repository.
This script is based on the old anonftpsync script. It has been rewritten to add flexibilty and fix a number of outstanding issues.
Some of the advantages of the new version are:
- Nearly every aspect is configurable
- Correct support for multiple pushes
- Support for multi-stage archive synchronisations
- Support for hook scripts at various points
- Support for multiple archives, even if they are pushed using one ssh key
- Support for multi-hop, multi-stage archive synchronisations
When the script receives a second push while it is running and syncing the archive it won't ignore it. Instead it will rerun the synchronisation step to ensure the archive is correctly synchronised.
Scripts that fail to do that risk ending up with an inconsistent archive.
The script can be told to only perform the first or second stage of the archive synchronisation.
This enables us to send all the binary packages and sources to a number of mirrors, and then tell all of them to sync the Packages/Release files at once. This will keep the timeframe in which the mirrors are out of sync very small and will greatly help things like DNS RR entries or even the planned GeoDNS setup.
The script can be told to perform a multi-hop multi-stage archive synchronisation.
This is basically the same as the multi-stage synchronisation explained above, but enables the downstream mirror to push his own staged/multi-hop downstreams before returning. This has the same advantage than the multi-stage synchronisation but allows us to do this over multiple level of mirrors. (Imagine one push going from Europe to Australia, where then locally 3 others get updated before stage2 is sent out. Instead of 4times transferring data from Europe to Australia, just to have them all updated near instantly).
ftpsync currently allows 5 hook scripts to run at various points of the mirror sync run.
- Hook1: After lock is acquired, before first rsync
- Hook2: After first rsync, if successful
- Hook3: After second rsync, if successful
- Hook4: Right before leaf mirror triggering
- Hook5: After leaf mirror trigger (only if we have slave mirrors; HUB=true)
Note that Hook3 and Hook4 are likely to be called directly after each other. The difference is that Hook3 is called every time the second rsync succeeds even if the mirroring needs to re-run due to a second push. Hook4 is only executed if mirroring is completed.
If you get multiple archives from your upstream mirror (say Debian, Debian-Backports and Volatile), previously you had to use 3 different ssh keys to be able to automagically synchronize them. This script can do it all with just one key, if your upstream mirror tells you which archive. See "Commandline/SSH options" below for further details.
For details of all available options, please see the extensive documentation in the sample configuration file.
Script options may be set either on the local command line, or passed by specifying an ssh "command". Local commandline options always have precedence over the SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND ones.
Currently this script understands the options listed below. To make them take effect they MUST be prepended by "sync:".
| Option | Behaviour |
|---|---|
| stage1 | Only do stage1 sync |
| stage2 | Only do stage2 sync |
| all | Do a complete sync (default) |
| mhop | Do a multi-hop sync |
| archive:foo | Sync archive foo (if the file $HOME/etc/ftpsync-foo.conf exists and is configured) |
| callback | Call back when done (needs proper ssh setup for this to work). It will always use the "command" callback:$HOSTNAME where $HOSTNAME is the one defined in config and will happen before slave mirrors are triggered. |
So, to get the script to sync all of the archive behind bpo and call back when it is complete, use an upstream trigger of ssh $USER@$HOST sync:all sync:archive:bpo sync:callback
Every mirror needs to have a 'trace' file under project/trace. The filename has to be the full hostname (eg. hostname -f), or in the case of a mirror participating in RR DNS (where users will never use the hostname) the name of the DNS RR entry, eg. security.debian.org for the security rotation.). (Note: ftp.$COUNTRY.debian.org is always wrong, don't use that).
The contents are defined as:
First line is always the output of "date -u", ideally run with LANG and LC_ALL set to POSIX.
Lines two to the end of file follow a RFC822 style format, though the field names can have spaces. Currently the following fields are defined, listed in the order as output by ftpsync, though the order is not mandantory:
| Field | Content | Example |
|---|---|---|
Date |
Date in RFC822 Format when the tracefile got generated, ie. end of mirror run. | Sun, 28 Feb 2016 09:40:29 +0000 |
Date-Started |
As Date, but the time the mirror run started. | Sun, 28 Feb 2016 09:33:55 +0000 |
Archive Serial |
Archive serial for mirror run, taken from main archives tracefile. | 2016022802 |
Creator |
Name and version of used software | ftpsync 20170204 |
Running on host |
FQDN of mirror host. This may not match the actual mirror name, its the real hostname. | klecker.debian.org |
Maintainer |
Groups and people responsible for this mirror. | Admins <[email protected]> |
Sponsor |
Organizations sponsoring this mirror. | Example <https://example.com> |
Country |
The ISO 3361-1 code of the country hosting this mirror. | DE |
Location |
The location this mirror is hosted in. | Example |
Throughput |
Available throughput for this mirror per second. | 10Gb |
Trigger |
Trigger used for this run.` | cron, ssh (comment) |
Architectures |
List of architectures included in the mirror. | all amd64 i386 source |
Architectures-Configuration |
Architecture list as specified in config. | ALL, INCLUDE amd64 i386 source, EXCLUDE armel |
Upstream-Mirror |
From where does the mirror get its data. | ftp-master.debian.org |
Rsync-Transport |
Transport to connect to upstream used by rsync | plain |
Total bytes received in rsync |
rsync --stats output, bytes received | 1109846675 |
Total time spent in stage1 rsync |
Seconds of runtime for stage1 | 347 |
Total time spent in stage2 rsync |
Seconds of runtime for stage2 | 47 |
Total time spent in rsync |
How long in total for rsync | 394 |
Average rate |
How fast did the sync go | 2816869 B/s |
The third line in the legacy format and the hostname for the "Running on Host" line for the new format MUST NOT be the DNS RR name, even if the mirror is part of it. It MUST BE the hosts own name. This is in contrast to the filename, which SHOULD be the DNS RR name.
This script is used to tell leaf mirrors that it is time to synchronize their copy of the archive. This is done by parsing a mirror list and using ssh to "push" the leaf nodes. You can read much more about the principle behind the push, essentially it tells the receiving end to run a pre-defined script. As the whole setup is extremely limited and the ssh key is not usable for anything else than the pre-defined script this is the most secure method for such an action.
This script supports two types of pushes: The normal single stage push, as well as the newer multi-stage push.
The normal push, as described above, will simply push the leaf node and then go on with the other nodes.
The multi-staged push first pushes a mirror and tells it to only do a stage1 sync run. Then it waits for the mirror (and all others being pushed in the same run) to finish that run, before it tells all of the staged mirrors to do the stage2 sync.
This way you can do a nearly-simultaneous update of multiple hosts. This is useful in situations where periods of desynchronization should be kept as small as possible. Examples of scenarios where this might be useful include multiple hosts in a DNS Round Robin entry.
For details on the mirror list please see the documented runmirrors.mirror.sample file.