From 17926229cd46f9ea8ba6e2600de6d76084c938a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:37:24 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 01/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 442 +++++++++++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 288 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 77367e156..84a9a66d4 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -1,315 +1,449 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-05-19 07:07-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../Glossary.md:1 msgid "Glossary" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Glossaire" -#: ../../Glossary.md +#: ../../Glossary.md:0 msgid "Blocking" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Blocage" #: ../../Glossary.md:5 msgid "" -"During the immunostaining procedure, it is important to minimize " -"nonspecific binding of the primary or secondary antibodies. In most " -"cases, this is achieved by blocking, which typically involves adding " -"substances such as normal sera, gelatin, or albumin before immunostaining" -" in order to \"occupy\" all the non-specific binding sites in the sample." -msgstr "" +"During the immunostaining procedure, it is important to minimize nonspecific" +" binding of the primary or secondary antibodies. In most cases, this is " +"achieved by blocking, which typically involves adding substances such as " +"normal sera, gelatin, or albumin before immunostaining in order to " +"\"occupy\" all the non-specific binding sites in the sample." +msgstr "" +"Au cours de la procédure d'immunomarquage, il est important de minimiser la " +"liaison non spécifique des anticorps primaires ou secondaires. Dans la " +"plupart des cas, ceci est réalisé par blocage, qui consiste généralement à " +"ajouter des substances telles que des sérums normaux, de la gélatine ou de " +"l'albumine avant l'immunocoloration afin « d'occuper » tous les sites de " +"liaison non spécifiques de l'échantillon." #: ../../Glossary.md:3 msgid "Deconvolution" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Déconvolution" #: ../../Glossary.md:8 msgid "" -"The process of computationally removing blur from microscopy images by " -"using the known optical properties of the light path to \"reassign\" " -"pixel intensity away from where it hit the camera and back onto the " -"structure that emitted the light." +"The process of computationally removing blur from microscopy images by using" +" the known optical properties of the light path to \"reassign\" pixel " +"intensity away from where it hit the camera and back onto the structure that" +" emitted the light." msgstr "" +"Le processus de suppression informatique du flou des images de microscopie " +"en utilisant les propriétés optiques connues du chemin lumineux pour " +"\"réaffecter\" l'intensité des pixels loin de l'endroit où il a frappé la " +"caméra et revenir sur la structure qui a émis la lumière." #: ../../Glossary.md:6 msgid "Ex-Vivo imaging" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Imagerie ex-vivo" #: ../../Glossary.md:11 -#, python-format msgid "" "Refers to imaging performed on live animal tissue in an external " -"controllable environment (e.g., tissue explant on a petri dish). It " -"enables high-resolution imaging of live tissue that may be otherwise " -"inaccessible within the animal. The tissue is maintained alive on the " -"imaging system through perfusion of oxygenated (95% oxygen and 5% CO2), " -"temperature-controlled media using peristaltic pumps and microfluidics." -msgstr "" +"controllable environment (e.g., tissue explant on a petri dish). It enables " +"high-resolution imaging of live tissue that may be otherwise inaccessible " +"within the animal. The tissue is maintained alive on the imaging system " +"through perfusion of oxygenated (95% oxygen and 5% CO2), temperature-" +"controlled media using peristaltic pumps and microfluidics." +msgstr "" +"Fait référence à l'imagerie réalisée sur des tissus animaux vivants dans un " +"environnement contrôlable externe (par exemple, explantation de tissu sur " +"une boîte de Pétri). Il permet l'imagerie à haute résolution de tissus " +"vivants qui pourraient autrement être inaccessibles chez l'animal. Le tissu " +"est maintenu en vie sur le système d'imagerie par perfusion de milieux " +"oxygénés (95 % d'oxygène et 5 % de CO2), à température contrôlée à l'aide de" +" pompes péristaltiques et de microfluidique." #: ../../Glossary.md:9 msgid "Fiji" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Fidji" #: ../../Glossary.md:14 msgid "" -"[Fiji](https://imagej.net/software/fiji/) Is Just ImageJ. ImageJ2 plus a " -"lot of common plugins." +"[Fiji](https://imagej.net/software/fiji/) Is Just ImageJ. ImageJ2 plus a lot" +" of common plugins." msgstr "" +"[Fidji](https://imagej.net/software/fiji/) est juste ImageJ. ImageJ2 plus " +"beaucoup de plugins courants." #: ../../Glossary.md:12 msgid "Fixation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Fixation" #: ../../Glossary.md:17 msgid "" -"Fixation of a specimen refers to the stabilization of the " -"cellular/molecular components within the sample while at the same time " -"stopping any biological function in that sample. The fixative used (e.g.," -" paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, methanol), concentration and " -"conditions (e.g., buffer, temperature) determine the extent of " -"preservation of the cellular and/or molecular structures within a sample," -" and needs to be optimized depending on the sample or structure that is " -"being imaged." -msgstr "" +"Fixation of a specimen refers to the stabilization of the cellular/molecular" +" components within the sample while at the same time stopping any biological" +" function in that sample. The fixative used (e.g., paraformaldehyde, " +"glutaraldehyde, methanol), concentration and conditions (e.g., buffer, " +"temperature) determine the extent of preservation of the cellular and/or " +"molecular structures within a sample, and needs to be optimized depending on" +" the sample or structure that is being imaged." +msgstr "" +"La fixation d'un échantillon fait référence à la stabilisation des " +"composants cellulaires/moléculaires dans l'échantillon tout en arrêtant en " +"même temps toute fonction biologique dans cet échantillon. Le fixateur " +"utilisé (par exemple, paraformaldéhyde, glutaraldéhyde, méthanol), la " +"concentration et les conditions (par exemple, tampon, température) " +"déterminent le degré de préservation des structures cellulaires et/ou " +"moléculaires dans un échantillon et doivent être optimisés en fonction de " +"l'échantillon ou structure qui est imagée." #: ../../Glossary.md:15 msgid "Image processing" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Traitement d'image" #: ../../Glossary.md:20 msgid "" "Is an operation that can be performed on an image, resulting in another " -"image. Image processing operations can be simple (e.g. resizing or " -"rotating) or more advanced (e.g. enhancing particular features of an " -"image like circles or lines)." +"image. Image processing operations can be simple (e.g. resizing or rotating)" +" or more advanced (e.g. enhancing particular features of an image like " +"circles or lines)." msgstr "" +"Est une opération qui peut être effectuée sur une image, résultant en une " +"autre image. Les opérations de traitement d'image peuvent être simples (par " +"exemple, redimensionner ou faire pivoter) ou plus avancées (par exemple, " +"améliorer des caractéristiques particulières d'une image comme des cercles " +"ou des lignes)." #: ../../Glossary.md:18 msgid "Immersion media" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Média d'immersion" #: ../../Glossary.md:23 msgid "" -"The immersion media is the medium that fills the gap between your " -"objective lens and the glass coverslip or sample. It impacts the " -"numerical aperture of the objective lens {math}`NA=RI * sin(θ)`, thus " -"impacting lateral and axial resolution. It is critical to match the RI of" -" the immersion media with that of the mounting media to minimize " -"aberrations and improve image quality. Immersion media can be air, water," -" silicone oil, glycerol or oil." -msgstr "" +"The immersion media is the medium that fills the gap between your objective " +"lens and the glass coverslip or sample. It impacts the numerical aperture of" +" the objective lens {math}`NA=RI * sin(θ)`, thus impacting lateral and axial" +" resolution. It is critical to match the RI of the immersion media with that" +" of the mounting media to minimize aberrations and improve image quality. " +"Immersion media can be air, water, silicone oil, glycerol or oil." +msgstr "" +"Le support d'immersion est le support qui comble l'espace entre votre " +"objectif et la lamelle de verre ou l'échantillon. Il a un impact sur " +"l'ouverture numérique de l'objectif {math}`NA=RI * sin(θ)`, impactant ainsi " +"la résolution latérale et axiale. Il est essentiel de faire correspondre le " +"RI du support d'immersion avec celui du support de montage pour minimiser " +"les aberrations et améliorer la qualité de l'image. Les milieux d'immersion " +"peuvent être de l'air, de l'eau, de l'huile de silicone, du glycérol ou de " +"l'huile." #: ../../Glossary.md:21 msgid "Immunolabeling" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Immunomarquage" #: ../../Glossary.md:26 msgid "" "Immunolabeling is one of the most common labeling techniques for fixed " -"samples. You can use fluorescently conjugated primary antibodies to " -"detect the protein of interest or a two-step labeling with a primary " -"antibody and a fluorescently conjugated secondary antibody. Primary-" -"secondary labeling tends to result in signal amplification. The main " -"issue with immunolabeling is the size of the antibodies, which require " -"extensive permeabilization. Another good option is to use nano-bodies, " -"which only have the heavy-chain and are significantly smaller than " -"regular antibodies." -msgstr "" +"samples. You can use fluorescently conjugated primary antibodies to detect " +"the protein of interest or a two-step labeling with a primary antibody and a" +" fluorescently conjugated secondary antibody. Primary-secondary labeling " +"tends to result in signal amplification. The main issue with immunolabeling " +"is the size of the antibodies, which require extensive permeabilization. " +"Another good option is to use nano-bodies, which only have the heavy-chain " +"and are significantly smaller than regular antibodies." +msgstr "" +"L'immunomarquage est l'une des techniques de marquage les plus courantes " +"pour les échantillons fixes. Vous pouvez utiliser des anticorps primaires " +"conjugués par fluorescence pour détecter la protéine d'intérêt ou un " +"marquage en deux étapes avec un anticorps primaire et un anticorps " +"secondaire conjugué par fluorescence. Le marquage primaire-secondaire a " +"tendance à entraîner une amplification du signal. Le principal problème avec" +" l'immunomarquage est la taille des anticorps, qui nécessitent une " +"perméabilisation importante. Une autre bonne option consiste à utiliser des " +"nano-corps, qui n'ont que la chaîne lourde et sont nettement plus petits que" +" les anticorps ordinaires." #: ../../Glossary.md:24 msgid "Intravital imaging" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Imagerie intravitale" #: ../../Glossary.md:29 msgid "" "It refers to the imaging of cellular structures or biological processes " -"inside a live animal in real time, without extracting the organs or " -"fixing the sample. In general, it requires specific instrumentation or " -"modalities with improved light penetration, such as multiphoton " -"microscopy and is limited to the ability to access the specific organ, " -"often through optical windows. Intravital imaging is overseen by " -"bioethical committees and needs to be approved by IACUC and/or other " -"institutional committees." -msgstr "" +"inside a live animal in real time, without extracting the organs or fixing " +"the sample. In general, it requires specific instrumentation or modalities " +"with improved light penetration, such as multiphoton microscopy and is " +"limited to the ability to access the specific organ, often through optical " +"windows. Intravital imaging is overseen by bioethical committees and needs " +"to be approved by IACUC and/or other institutional committees." +msgstr "" +"Il fait référence à l'imagerie des structures cellulaires ou des processus " +"biologiques à l'intérieur d'un animal vivant en temps réel, sans extraire " +"les organes ni fixer l'échantillon. En général, cela nécessite une " +"instrumentation ou des modalités spécifiques avec une meilleure pénétration " +"de la lumière, comme la microscopie multiphotonique et se limite à la " +"capacité d'accéder à l'organe spécifique, souvent à travers des fenêtres " +"optiques. L'imagerie intravitale est supervisée par des comités de " +"bioéthique et doit être approuvée par l'IACUC et/ou d'autres comités " +"institutionnels." #: ../../Glossary.md:27 msgid "Mounting media" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Support de montage" #: ../../Glossary.md:32 msgid "" -"Is the solution in which your specimen is placed in (mounted). Its " -"purpose is to preserve the sample, including the fluorophores in it, and" -" enhance the imaging quality during acquisition, by buffering the pH, " -"matching the refractive index throughout the sample (ideally matching it " -"to that of glass) and minimizing photobleaching (depending on the " -"medium). Mounting media prevents the sample from drying out allowing " -"long-term storage." -msgstr "" +"Is the solution in which your specimen is placed in (mounted). Its purpose " +"is to preserve the sample, including the fluorophores in it, and enhance " +"the imaging quality during acquisition, by buffering the pH, matching the " +"refractive index throughout the sample (ideally matching it to that of " +"glass) and minimizing photobleaching (depending on the medium). Mounting " +"media prevents the sample from drying out allowing long-term storage." +msgstr "" +"Est la solution dans laquelle votre échantillon est placé (monté). Son but " +"est de préserver l'échantillon, y compris les fluorophores qu'il contient, " +"et d'améliorer la qualité de l'imagerie lors de l'acquisition, en tamponnant" +" le pH, en faisant correspondre l'indice de réfraction dans tout " +"l'échantillon (idéalement en le faisant correspondre à celui du verre) et en" +" minimisant le photoblanchiment (en fonction de la moyen). Le support de " +"montage empêche l'échantillon de se dessécher, ce qui permet un stockage à " +"long terme." #: ../../Glossary.md:30 msgid "Object detection" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Détection d'objet" #: ../../Glossary.md:35 msgid "" "Is the image processing technique to detect objects within an image. It " -"would not give you a mask of the objects but it could give you a bounding" -" box, or and x,y position." +"would not give you a mask of the objects but it could give you a bounding " +"box, or and x,y position." msgstr "" +"Est la technique de traitement d'image pour détecter des objets dans une " +"image. Cela ne vous donnerait pas un masque des objets, mais cela pourrait " +"vous donner une boîte englobante ou une position x, y." #: ../../Glossary.md:33 msgid "Oxygen scavengers" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Épurateurs d'oxygène" #: ../../Glossary.md:38 msgid "" "Oxygen tends to induce photobleaching of organic dyes and other " "fluorophores. Addition of oxygen scavengers to the imaging media such as " "glucose oxidase or pyranose 2-oxidase can significantly reduce " -"photobleaching of the fluorophores present in the sample. It is important" -" to understand that the use of oxygen scavengers may affect live cell " -"imaging, as these scavengers can affect the ATP and oxygen levels within " -"the sample, compromising its health and therefore biological function." -msgstr "" +"photobleaching of the fluorophores present in the sample. It is important to" +" understand that the use of oxygen scavengers may affect live cell imaging, " +"as these scavengers can affect the ATP and oxygen levels within the sample, " +"compromising its health and therefore biological function." +msgstr "" +"L'oxygène a tendance à induire le photoblanchiment des colorants organiques " +"et d'autres fluorophores. L'ajout de désoxygénants aux supports d'imagerie " +"tels que la glucose oxydase ou la pyranose 2-oxydase peut réduire " +"considérablement le photoblanchiment des fluorophores présents dans " +"l'échantillon. Il est important de comprendre que l'utilisation de piégeurs " +"d'oxygène peut affecter l'imagerie des cellules vivantes, car ces piégeurs " +"peuvent affecter les niveaux d'ATP et d'oxygène dans l'échantillon, " +"compromettant sa santé et donc sa fonction biologique." #: ../../Glossary.md:36 msgid "Permeabilization" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Perméabilisation" #: ../../Glossary.md:41 msgid "" -"In order for the antibodies used during immunostaining or other " -"fluorophores to penetrate and bind to their antigen within a cell or " -"tissue, the membrane integrity (holes) needs to be challenged with a mild" -" detergent. The permeabilization step needs to be carefully optimized " -"depending on the antigen of interest, as it can result in a loss of " -"cytoplasm or a degradation of the signal." -msgstr "" +"In order for the antibodies used during immunostaining or other fluorophores" +" to penetrate and bind to their antigen within a cell or tissue, the " +"membrane integrity (holes) needs to be challenged with a mild detergent. The" +" permeabilization step needs to be carefully optimized depending on the " +"antigen of interest, as it can result in a loss of cytoplasm or a " +"degradation of the signal." +msgstr "" +"Pour que les anticorps utilisés pendant l'immunomarquage ou d'autres " +"fluorophores pénètrent et se lient à leur antigène dans une cellule ou un " +"tissu, l'intégrité de la membrane (trous) doit être contestée avec un " +"détergent doux. L'étape de perméabilisation doit être soigneusement " +"optimisée en fonction de l'antigène d'intérêt, car elle peut entraîner une " +"perte de cytoplasme ou une dégradation du signal." #: ../../Glossary.md:39 msgid "Refractive index" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Indice de réfraction" #: ../../Glossary.md:44 msgid "" "It's a measure of how light travels through a specific medium. It is an " "important value when calculating the numerical aperture of an objective, " "Ideally, a mismatch in refractive index between the sample (mounting " -"medium), the coverslip and immersion media should be minimized in order " -"to enhance the image quality. [See an interactive demo of refactive index" -" at MicroscopyU](https://www.microscopyu.com/microscopy-basics" -"/refractive-index-index-of-refraction)" -msgstr "" +"medium), the coverslip and immersion media should be minimized in order to " +"enhance the image quality. [See an interactive demo of refactive index at " +"MicroscopyU](https://www.microscopyu.com/microscopy-basics/refractive-index-" +"index-of-refraction)" +msgstr "" +"C'est une mesure de la façon dont la lumière se déplace à travers un milieu " +"spécifique. C'est une valeur importante lors du calcul de l'ouverture " +"numérique d'un objectif. Idéalement, une inadéquation de l'indice de " +"réfraction entre l'échantillon (milieu de montage), la lamelle et le support" +" d'immersion doit être minimisée afin d'améliorer la qualité de l'image. " +"[Voir une démo interactive de l'indice de réfraction sur " +"MicroscopyU](https://www.microscopyu.com/microscopy-basics/refractive-index-" +"index-of-refraction)" #: ../../Glossary.md:42 msgid "ROIs" -msgstr "" +msgstr "ROI" #: ../../Glossary.md:47 msgid "" "Regions Of Interest. Pixels in your image that you care about (e.g., a " "region in tissue, a cell, a tumor, etc.)" msgstr "" +"Régions d'intérêt. Les pixels de votre image qui vous intéressent (par " +"exemple, une région d'un tissu, une cellule, une tumeur, etc.)" #: ../../Glossary.md:45 msgid "Segmentation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Segmentation" #: ../../Glossary.md:50 msgid "" -"Method of dividing an image into multiple parts or regions. There are " -"three different types of segmentation." +"Method of dividing an image into multiple parts or regions. There are three " +"different types of segmentation." msgstr "" +"Méthode de division d'une image en plusieurs parties ou régions. Il existe " +"trois types de segmentation différents." #: ../../Glossary.md:51 msgid "" "Semantic segmentation, where all parts of an image are part of a class, " -"common in cell biology will be detecting cells and background on an " -"image." +"common in cell biology will be detecting cells and background on an image." msgstr "" +"La segmentation sémantique, où toutes les parties d'une image font partie " +"d'une classe, courante en biologie cellulaire sera la détection des cellules" +" et de l'arrière-plan sur une image." #: ../../Glossary.md:52 msgid "" -"Instance segmentation, the segmentation is object based, not just " -"detecting were the cells are but diving each cell as a separate object." +"Instance segmentation, the segmentation is object based, not just detecting " +"were the cells are but diving each cell as a separate object." msgstr "" +"Segmentation d'instance, la segmentation est basée sur l'objet, non " +"seulement pour détecter où se trouvent les cellules, mais pour plonger " +"chaque cellule en tant qu'objet séparé." #: ../../Glossary.md:53 msgid "" -"Panoptic Segmentation, it can be defined as a combination of the prior " -"two, because it identifies the object but also classifies them. An " -"example in biology might be detecting all the cells on an image and " -"classifying them as dividing vs not." +"Panoptic Segmentation, it can be defined as a combination of the prior two, " +"because it identifies the object but also classifies them. An example in " +"biology might be detecting all the cells on an image and classifying them as" +" dividing vs not." msgstr "" +"Segmentation panoptique, elle peut être définie comme une combinaison des " +"deux précédentes, car elle identifie l'objet mais aussi les classe. Un " +"exemple en biologie pourrait être de détecter toutes les cellules sur une " +"image et de les classer comme se divisant ou non." #: ../../Glossary.md:51 msgid "Thresholding" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Seuil" #: ../../Glossary.md:56 msgid "" -"The easiest form of image segmentation, it divides the image into two " -"part the background and the foreground (or signal). It creates a binary " -"image where usually the background pixels would be change to a 0 value " -"and the foreground pixels values would be 1." +"The easiest form of image segmentation, it divides the image into two part " +"the background and the foreground (or signal). It creates a binary image " +"where usually the background pixels would be change to a 0 value and the " +"foreground pixels values would be 1." msgstr "" +"La forme la plus simple de segmentation d'image, elle divise l'image en deux" +" parties, l'arrière-plan et le premier plan (ou signal). Il crée une image " +"binaire où généralement les pixels d'arrière-plan seraient changés en une " +"valeur 0 et les valeurs des pixels de premier plan seraient 1." #: ../../Glossary.md:54 msgid "Tissue clearing" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Nettoyage des tissus" #: ../../Glossary.md:59 msgid "" "Fluorescence imaging of the whole thickness of a piece of tissue is very " "challenging due to light absorption and scattering induced by the " -"inhomogeneities in refractive indexes within the tissue itself, resulting" -" in poor light penetration. Additionally, light coming from different " -"parts of the sample contribute to fluorescence blur, drastically reducing" -" contrast and resolution in any given plane. As a result, researchers " -"tend to use tissue sectioning techniques to extract information about " -"cellular components and their spatial distribution or relationships from " -"a thin two-dimensional volume. However, most components in any complex " -"biological system such as an organ are not contained within this two-" -"dimensional volume, and therefore, this approach compromises the " -"understanding of the spatial relationships among cellular components. " -"Tissue clearing focused on reducing the inhomogeneities in the tissue by " -"equilibrating the refractive index throughout the sample. This allows " -"light to pass through the tissue and therefore enables high resolution, " -"volumetric imaging of whole organs and tissues using conventional " -"microscopy techniques such as confocal microscopy without the need to " -"physically section the sample." -msgstr "" +"inhomogeneities in refractive indexes within the tissue itself, resulting in" +" poor light penetration. Additionally, light coming from different parts of " +"the sample contribute to fluorescence blur, drastically reducing contrast " +"and resolution in any given plane. As a result, researchers tend to use " +"tissue sectioning techniques to extract information about cellular " +"components and their spatial distribution or relationships from a thin two-" +"dimensional volume. However, most components in any complex biological " +"system such as an organ are not contained within this two-dimensional " +"volume, and therefore, this approach compromises the understanding of the " +"spatial relationships among cellular components. Tissue clearing focused on " +"reducing the inhomogeneities in the tissue by equilibrating the refractive " +"index throughout the sample. This allows light to pass through the tissue " +"and therefore enables high resolution, volumetric imaging of whole organs " +"and tissues using conventional microscopy techniques such as confocal " +"microscopy without the need to physically section the sample." +msgstr "" +"L'imagerie par fluorescence de toute l'épaisseur d'un morceau de tissu est " +"très difficile en raison de l'absorption et de la diffusion de la lumière " +"induites par les inhomogénéités des indices de réfraction dans le tissu lui-" +"même, ce qui entraîne une mauvaise pénétration de la lumière. De plus, la " +"lumière provenant de différentes parties de l'échantillon contribue au flou " +"de fluorescence, réduisant considérablement le contraste et la résolution " +"dans un plan donné. En conséquence, les chercheurs ont tendance à utiliser " +"des techniques de sectionnement de tissus pour extraire des informations sur" +" les composants cellulaires et leur distribution spatiale ou leurs relations" +" à partir d'un volume bidimensionnel mince. Cependant, la plupart des " +"composants de tout système biologique complexe tel qu'un organe ne sont pas " +"contenus dans ce volume bidimensionnel et, par conséquent, cette approche " +"compromet la compréhension des relations spatiales entre les composants " +"cellulaires. La compensation des tissus s'est concentrée sur la réduction " +"des inhomogénéités dans le tissu en équilibrant l'indice de réfraction dans " +"tout l'échantillon. Cela permet à la lumière de traverser le tissu et permet" +" donc une imagerie volumétrique à haute résolution d'organes et de tissus " +"entiers à l'aide de techniques de microscopie conventionnelles telles que la" +" microscopie confocale sans qu'il soit nécessaire de sectionner physiquement" +" l'échantillon." #: ../../Glossary.md:57 msgid "Tissue sectioning" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Sectionnement des tissus" #: ../../Glossary.md:62 msgid "" -"Light penetration and fluorescence imaging is negatively impacted by " -"light scattering within a thick specimen. This scattering is due to the " -"different refractive indexes present within a tissue. To facilitate " -"imaging of tissues, researchers often cut thick tissues into slices of " -"different thicknesses. This process is called tissue sectioning. In most " -"cases the samples are fixed and embedded in paraffin or frozen in tissue " -"freezing medium and later cut into thin slices by a machine like a " -"cryostat, microtome, or vibratome and sections collected into a tube or " -"onto a slide." -msgstr "" - +"Light penetration and fluorescence imaging is negatively impacted by light " +"scattering within a thick specimen. This scattering is due to the different " +"refractive indexes present within a tissue. To facilitate imaging of " +"tissues, researchers often cut thick tissues into slices of different " +"thicknesses. This process is called tissue sectioning. In most cases the " +"samples are fixed and embedded in paraffin or frozen in tissue freezing " +"medium and later cut into thin slices by a machine like a cryostat, " +"microtome, or vibratome and sections collected into a tube or onto a slide." +msgstr "" +"La pénétration de la lumière et l'imagerie par fluorescence sont " +"négativement affectées par la diffusion de la lumière dans un échantillon " +"épais. Cette diffusion est due aux différents indices de réfraction présents" +" au sein d'un tissu. Pour faciliter l'imagerie des tissus, les chercheurs " +"coupent souvent les tissus épais en tranches d'épaisseurs différentes. Ce " +"processus est appelé sectionnement des tissus. Dans la plupart des cas, les " +"échantillons sont fixés et inclus dans de la paraffine ou congelés dans un " +"milieu de congélation tissulaire, puis coupés en fines tranches par une " +"machine telle qu'un cryostat, un microtome ou un vibratome et des sections " +"collectées dans un tube ou sur une lame." From 9d61d36f5c406a70dbcac26ec16f9fc9d9d84bc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:37:38 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 02/76] Translate 03_Image_analysis.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '03_Image_analysis.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po | 1726 +++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 1176 insertions(+), 550 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po index 80f054648..c26404f35 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po @@ -1,122 +1,195 @@ - -msgid "" -msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2023 +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-06-15 11:57-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:1 msgid "Object classification" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Classement des objets" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:3 msgid "What is classification?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que le classement ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:4 msgid "" "Simply put, phenotypic classification is about categorizing objects into " "different groups based on their features (aka measurements)." msgstr "" +"En termes simples, la classification phénotypique consiste à classer les " +"objets en différents groupes en fonction de leurs caractéristiques (ou " +"mesures)." -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:0 ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:0 msgid "📏 How do I measure it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📏 Comment le mesurer ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:10 msgid "" -"Phenotypic classification can be performed a few different ways. One way " -"to break this down is by unsupervised vs. supervised classification." +"Phenotypic classification can be performed a few different ways. One way to " +"break this down is by unsupervised vs. supervised classification." msgstr "" +"La classification phénotypique peut être effectuée de différentes manières. " +"Une façon de décomposer cela consiste à utiliser une classification non " +"supervisée ou supervisée." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:12 msgid "" -"In **supervised classification**, a human also provides information on " -"what the different groups of objects should look like by providing " -"representative examples of each group in a training dataset. The computer" -" then learns how to assign objects to groups based on their measurements " -"by testing models against the ground truth training dataset." +"In **supervised classification**, a human also provides information on what " +"the different groups of objects should look like by providing representative" +" examples of each group in a training dataset. The computer then learns how " +"to assign objects to groups based on their measurements by testing models " +"against the ground truth training dataset." msgstr "" +"Dans la **classification supervisée**, un humain fournit également des " +"informations sur ce à quoi les différents groupes d'objets devraient " +"ressembler en fournissant des exemples représentatifs de chaque groupe dans " +"un ensemble de données d'entraînement. L'ordinateur apprend ensuite à " +"affecter des objets à des groupes en fonction de leurs mesures en testant " +"des modèles par rapport à l'ensemble de données de formation de vérité " +"terrain." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:14 msgid "" -"For example, you could classify cells based on a visual phenotype and " -"train a machine learning classifier to derive which measurement ranges " -"are associated with different classes. This is supervised classification " -"because a person is providing instruction of how many classes there " -"should be and examples of what each class should look like for the " -"computer to learn from. An example of this could be annotating a subset " -"of cells that are in different stages of mitosis and training a " -"classifier to use your labels to find other cells in those stages." -msgstr "" +"For example, you could classify cells based on a visual phenotype and train " +"a machine learning classifier to derive which measurement ranges are " +"associated with different classes. This is supervised classification because" +" a person is providing instruction of how many classes there should be and " +"examples of what each class should look like for the computer to learn from." +" An example of this could be annotating a subset of cells that are in " +"different stages of mitosis and training a classifier to use your labels to " +"find other cells in those stages." +msgstr "" +"Par exemple, vous pouvez classer les cellules en fonction d'un phénotype " +"visuel et former un classificateur d'apprentissage automatique pour " +"déterminer les plages de mesure associées aux différentes classes. Il s'agit" +" d'une classification supervisée, car une personne fournit des instructions " +"sur le nombre de classes qu'il devrait y avoir et des exemples de ce à quoi " +"chaque classe devrait ressembler pour que l'ordinateur puisse apprendre. Un " +"exemple de ceci pourrait être l'annotation d'un sous-ensemble de cellules " +"qui sont à différents stades de la mitose et la formation d'un " +"classificateur à utiliser vos étiquettes pour trouver d'autres cellules à " +"ces stades." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:16 msgid "" "In **unsupervised classification**, you group objects based on their " -"measurements, but without any top-down human-defined guidance into how " -"many groups there are or what the groups should look like." +"measurements, but without any top-down human-defined guidance into how many " +"groups there are or what the groups should look like." msgstr "" +"Dans la **classification non supervisée**, vous regroupez des objets en " +"fonction de leurs mesures, mais sans aucune indication humaine descendante " +"sur le nombre de groupes ou à quoi les groupes devraient ressembler." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:18 msgid "" -"For example, you could measure hundreds or thousands of features of cells" -" from many treatments, as is typical in large-scale cell profiling " +"For example, you could measure hundreds or thousands of features of cells " +"from many treatments, as is typical in large-scale cell profiling " "experiments. Next you could let the computer cluster the cells into some " -"number of different groups based on having similar measurements. This is " -"a form of unsupervised clustering, where you observe what groups emerge " -"from a computer considering their measurements only, and not class labels" -" we impose as researchers. These sorts of clustering experiments can " -"provide novel results but may also be harder to interpret; see this " +"number of different groups based on having similar measurements. This is a " +"form of unsupervised clustering, where you observe what groups emerge from a" +" computer considering their measurements only, and not class labels we " +"impose as researchers. These sorts of clustering experiments can provide " +"novel results but may also be harder to interpret; see this " "protocol{cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023` for more information." msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md +"Par exemple, vous pouvez mesurer des centaines ou des milliers de " +"caractéristiques de cellules à partir de nombreux traitements, comme c'est " +"généralement le cas dans les expériences de profilage cellulaire à grande " +"échelle. Ensuite, vous pouvez laisser l'ordinateur regrouper les cellules en" +" un certain nombre de groupes différents en fonction de mesures similaires. " +"Il s'agit d'une forme de regroupement non supervisé, où vous observez quels " +"groupes émergent d'un ordinateur en tenant compte uniquement de leurs " +"mesures, et non des étiquettes de classe que nous imposons en tant que " +"chercheurs. Ces types d'expériences de regroupement peuvent fournir de " +"nouveaux résultats, mais peuvent également être plus difficiles à " +"interpréter ; voir ce protocole{cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023` pour plus " +"d'informations." + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:0 ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:0 msgid "⚠️ Where can things go wrong?" msgstr "" +" ⚠️ Où les choses peuvent-elles mal " +"tourner ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:23 msgid "" -"**Valid measurements are still important** Classification can be simple " -"or complex, but results always depend on the validity of your " -"measurements. For this reason, all the caveats of earlier measurement " -"sections also apply here." +"**Valid measurements are still important** Classification can be simple or " +"complex, but results always depend on the validity of your measurements. For" +" this reason, all the caveats of earlier measurement sections also apply " +"here." msgstr "" +"**Les mesures valides sont toujours importantes** La classification peut " +"être simple ou complexe, mais les résultats dépendent toujours de la " +"validité de vos mesures. Pour cette raison, toutes les mises en garde des " +"sections de mesure précédentes s'appliquent également ici." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:24 msgid "" -"**Machines are lazy** Machine learning classifiers aren’t necessarily " -"going to learn the biologically relevant features that distinguish " -"objects from distinct groups. Confounding features, or features that vary" -" with your phenotype but are not biologically related to it, can limit " -"the usefulness of your classifier and lead to incorrect conclusions. For " -"instance, if clinicians often put rulers next to malignant looking moles " -"and not next to benign moles and try to train a machine learning " -"classifier to distinguish malignant vs. benign, the model might learn to " -"classify images with rulers as malignant without tapping into any of the " -"relevant features of the moles. This is a [real " -"example](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244720/) {cite}`Narla2018-qh`." -" If possible, examining which features your model is relying on to " -"classify objects can be a way to check for this. It’s also important to " -"standardize how you capture images of your different classes of objects " -"and include a large enough training set with images with lots of " -"variation. You wouldn’t want all your positive cells to come from samples" -" you imaged in March and all your negative cells from samples you imaged " -"in January, for example." -msgstr "" +"**Machines are lazy** Machine learning classifiers aren’t necessarily going " +"to learn the biologically relevant features that distinguish objects from " +"distinct groups. Confounding features, or features that vary with your " +"phenotype but are not biologically related to it, can limit the usefulness " +"of your classifier and lead to incorrect conclusions. For instance, if " +"clinicians often put rulers next to malignant looking moles and not next to " +"benign moles and try to train a machine learning classifier to distinguish " +"malignant vs. benign, the model might learn to classify images with rulers " +"as malignant without tapping into any of the relevant features of the moles." +" This is a [real example](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244720/) " +"{cite}`Narla2018-qh`. If possible, examining which features your model is " +"relying on to classify objects can be a way to check for this. It’s also " +"important to standardize how you capture images of your different classes of" +" objects and include a large enough training set with images with lots of " +"variation. You wouldn’t want all your positive cells to come from samples " +"you imaged in March and all your negative cells from samples you imaged in " +"January, for example." +msgstr "" +"**Les machines sont paresseuses** Les classificateurs d'apprentissage " +"automatique ne vont pas nécessairement apprendre les caractéristiques " +"biologiquement pertinentes qui distinguent les objets de groupes distincts. " +"Des caractéristiques confusionnelles, ou des caractéristiques qui varient " +"avec votre phénotype mais qui ne sont pas biologiquement liées à celui-ci, " +"peuvent limiter l'utilité de votre classificateur et conduire à des " +"conclusions incorrectes. Par exemple, si les cliniciens placent souvent des " +"règles à côté de taupes d'apparence maligne et non à côté de taupes bénignes" +" et essaient de former un classificateur d'apprentissage automatique pour " +"distinguer les malins des bénins, le modèle pourrait apprendre à classer les" +" images avec des règles comme malignes sans puiser dans aucun des les " +"caractéristiques pertinentes des grains de beauté. Ceci est un [exemple " +"réel](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244720/) {cite}`Narla2018-qh`. Si " +"possible, l'examen des fonctionnalités sur lesquelles votre modèle s'appuie " +"pour classer les objets peut être un moyen de vérifier cela. Il est " +"également important de normaliser la façon dont vous capturez des images de " +"vos différentes classes d'objets et d'inclure un ensemble d'entraînement " +"suffisamment grand avec des images avec beaucoup de variation. Vous ne " +"voudriez pas que toutes vos cellules positives proviennent d'échantillons " +"que vous avez imagés en mars et toutes vos cellules négatives d'échantillons" +" que vous avez imagés en janvier, par exemple." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:25 msgid "" @@ -128,39 +201,61 @@ msgid "" " {cite}`Stirling2021-ov` and [Piximi](https://www.piximi.app/) that make " "training a classifier easier, especially if you don’t know how to code." msgstr "" +"**Non-respect des hypothèses du modèle** Si vous utilisez un classificateur " +"d'apprentissage automatique, différents modèles sont livrés avec différentes" +" hypothèses intégrées. Si vous débutez, il peut être difficile de savoir " +"lequel choisir. Il existe des outils interactifs tels que [CellProfiler " +"Analyst](https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/32/20/3210/2196630)" +" {cite}`Stirling2021-ov` et [Piximi](https://www. piximi.app/) qui " +"facilitent la formation d'un classificateur, surtout si vous ne savez pas " +"coder." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:26 msgid "" -"**Messy boundaries** Most methods of supervised classification, where the" -" user assigns objects to a score or to a bin, ultimately treat each bin " -"as a totally separate entity; biology is rarely so neat. For example, a " -"supervised classifier for cell cycle phase must assign a cell to one " -"phase, but in fact progression through the cell cycle is not a perfectly " -"switch-like process, as can be visualized by measurements of individual " -"cells (colored by their class given by a human observer). More " -"sophisticated methods may be needed to classify more continuous " -"phenotypes" -msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md +"**Messy boundaries** Most methods of supervised classification, where the " +"user assigns objects to a score or to a bin, ultimately treat each bin as a " +"totally separate entity; biology is rarely so neat. For example, a " +"supervised classifier for cell cycle phase must assign a cell to one phase, " +"but in fact progression through the cell cycle is not a perfectly switch-" +"like process, as can be visualized by measurements of individual cells " +"(colored by their class given by a human observer). More sophisticated " +"methods may be needed to classify more continuous phenotypes" +msgstr "" +"** Limites désordonnées ** La plupart des méthodes de classification " +"supervisée, où l'utilisateur attribue des objets à un score ou à un bac, " +"traitent finalement chaque bac comme une entité totalement distincte ; la " +"biologie est rarement aussi soignée. Par exemple, un classificateur " +"supervisé pour la phase du cycle cellulaire doit attribuer une cellule à une" +" phase, mais en fait la progression dans le cycle cellulaire n'est pas un " +"processus parfaitement semblable à un interrupteur, comme on peut le " +"visualiser par des mesures de cellules individuelles (colorées par leur " +"classe donnée par un observateur humain). Des méthodes plus sophistiquées " +"peuvent être nécessaires pour classer des phénotypes plus continus" + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 msgid "a continuous distribution of cell cycle states" -msgstr "" +msgstr "une distribution continue des états du cycle cellulaire" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:35 msgid "" "**Strict division into supervised classes can be tricky for continuous " -"biological processes**. Adapted from Eulenberg, P., Köhler, N., Blasi, T." -" _et al_. Reconstructing cell cycle and disease progression using deep " +"biological processes**. Adapted from Eulenberg, P., Köhler, N., Blasi, T. " +"_et al_. Reconstructing cell cycle and disease progression using deep " "learning. _Nat Commun_ **8**, 463 (2017) {cite}`Eulenberg2017-ax`" msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md +"**La division stricte en classes supervisées peut être délicate pour les " +"processus biologiques continus**. Adapté de Eulenberg, P., Köhler, N., " +"Blasi, T. _et al_. Reconstruire le cycle cellulaire et la progression de la " +"maladie à l'aide de l'apprentissage en profondeur. _Nat Commun_ **8**, 463 " +"(2017) {cite}`Eulenberg2017-ax`" + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:0 ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:0 msgid "📚🤷‍♀️ Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📚🤷‍♀️ Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:41 msgid "" @@ -168,6 +263,8 @@ msgid "" "profiling](https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.4397) " "{cite}`Caicedo2017-ks`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Stratégies d'analyse de données pour le profilage cellulaire basé sur " +"l'image] (https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.4397) {cite}`Caicedo2017-ks`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:42 msgid "" @@ -176,279 +273,398 @@ msgid "" "learning](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0808843106) " "{cite}`Jones2009-zz`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Score de diverses morphologies cellulaires sur des écrans basés sur des " +"images avec rétroaction itérative et apprentissage " +"automatique](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0808843106) " +"{cite}`Jones2009-zz`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:43 msgid "" "🎥 [iBiology video series: Measurement and Phenotype " "Classification](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odi9pIerT7I)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Série de vidéos iBiology : Mesure et classification des " +"phénotypes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odi9pIerT7I)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:44 msgid "" -"📄 [Interpreting Image-based Profiles using Similarity Clustering and " -"Single-Cell Visualization](https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.713) " +"📄 [Interpreting Image-based Profiles using Similarity Clustering and Single-" +"Cell Visualization](https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.713) " "{cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Interprétation des profils basés sur des images à l'aide du clustering de" +" similarité et de la visualisation à cellule unique] " +"(https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.713) {cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:1 msgid "Colocalization" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Colocalisation" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:4 msgid "What is colocalization?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que la colocalisation ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:6 msgid "" -"Colocalization is when two or more different labels (e.g., eGFP and " -"mCherry) spatially overlap in your image (also called co-occurrence). " -"Another component of colocalization is that the fluorescent labels often " -"correlate in intensity (i.e., pixels with brighter eGFP also have " -"brighter mCherry). It is very important to measure colocalization " -"quantitatively–**do not just trust your eyes!**" -msgstr "" +"Colocalization is when two or more different labels (e.g., eGFP and mCherry)" +" spatially overlap in your image (also called co-occurrence). Another " +"component of colocalization is that the fluorescent labels often correlate " +"in intensity (i.e., pixels with brighter eGFP also have brighter mCherry). " +"It is very important to measure colocalization quantitatively–**do not just " +"trust your eyes!**" +msgstr "" +"La colocalisation se produit lorsque deux ou plusieurs étiquettes " +"différentes (par exemple, eGFP et mCherry) se chevauchent spatialement dans " +"votre image (également appelée co-occurrence). Une autre composante de la " +"colocalisation est que les étiquettes fluorescentes sont souvent corrélées " +"en intensité (c'est-à-dire que les pixels avec un eGFP plus lumineux ont " +"également un mCherry plus lumineux). Il est très important de mesurer " +"quantitativement la colocalisation - ** ne vous fiez pas seulement à vos " +"yeux ! **" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:8 msgid "" -"It is also important to recognize that co-ocurrence does not " -"_necessarily_ imply interaction." +"It is also important to recognize that co-ocurrence does not _necessarily_ " +"imply interaction." msgstr "" +"Il est également important de reconnaître que la cooccurrence n'implique pas" +" _nécessairement_ une interaction." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:11 msgid "" -"As an example, it is possible for two people to work in the same building" -" an never interact." +"As an example, it is possible for two people to work in the same building an" +" never interact." msgstr "" +"Par exemple, il est possible que deux personnes travaillent dans le même " +"bâtiment sans jamais interagir." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:21 msgid "degrees of colocalization" -msgstr "" +msgstr "degrés de colocalisation" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:21 msgid "**Colocalization is about intensity and spatial overlap of labels**" msgstr "" +"**La colocalisation concerne l'intensité et le chevauchement spatial des " +"étiquettes**" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:28 msgid "" -"There are two main branches for how to look at colocalization: Object-" -"based and correlation-based." +"There are two main branches for how to look at colocalization: Object-based " +"and correlation-based." msgstr "" +"Il existe deux branches principales pour examiner la colocalisation : basée " +"sur les objets et basée sur la corrélation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:30 -#, python-format msgid "" -"**Object-based colocalization** is appropriate when you want to be able " -"to say something about a fraction of objects being positive for multiple " -"labels (e.g., 99% of eGFP+ cells were also mCherry+). Here’s a sample " -"workflow:" +"**Object-based colocalization** is appropriate when you want to be able to " +"say something about a fraction of objects being positive for multiple labels" +" (e.g., 99% of eGFP+ cells were also mCherry+). Here’s a sample workflow:" msgstr "" +"La **colocalisation basée sur des objets** est appropriée lorsque vous " +"souhaitez pouvoir dire quelque chose sur une fraction d'objets positifs pour" +" plusieurs étiquettes (par exemple, 99 % des cellules eGFP+ étaient " +"également mCherry+). Voici un exemple de flux de travail :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:51 msgid "" "**Correlation-based colocalization** is more appropriate when the labels " -"you’re measuring are not found in discrete objects or when you predict " -"that the signal in the labels should correlate. Correlation-based " -"colocalization is simpler to measure as it does not require any " -"{term}`segmentation` of objects. Pearson correlation coefficients are " -"readily measurable in most image analysis softwares (e.g., FIJI, " -"CellProfiler, etc.)." -msgstr "" +"you’re measuring are not found in discrete objects or when you predict that " +"the signal in the labels should correlate. Correlation-based colocalization " +"is simpler to measure as it does not require any {term}`segmentation` of " +"objects. Pearson correlation coefficients are readily measurable in most " +"image analysis softwares (e.g., FIJI, CellProfiler, etc.)." +msgstr "" +"La **colocalisation basée sur la corrélation** est plus appropriée lorsque " +"les étiquettes que vous mesurez ne se trouvent pas dans des objets discrets " +"ou lorsque vous prédisez que le signal dans les étiquettes doit être " +"corrélé. La colocalisation basée sur la corrélation est plus simple à " +"mesurer car elle ne nécessite aucune {term}`segmentation` des objets. Les " +"coefficients de corrélation de Pearson sont facilement mesurables dans la " +"plupart des logiciels d'analyse d'images (par exemple, FIJI, CellProfiler, " +"etc.)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:55 msgid "" -"**Not having adequate controls** (e.g., single label controls where only " -"one fluorescent label is present). Noise, uneven illumination, and other " +"**Not having adequate controls** (e.g., single label controls where only one" +" fluorescent label is present). Noise, uneven illumination, and other " "technical artifacts can cause correlation between two channels" msgstr "" +"**N'ayant pas de contrôles adéquats** (par exemple, des contrôles à " +"étiquette unique où une seule étiquette fluorescente est présente). Le " +"bruit, l'éclairage inégal et d'autres artefacts techniques peuvent provoquer" +" une corrélation entre deux canaux" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:56 msgid "" "**Not correcting for shift between channels** It’s common to have some " "degree of shift between different imaging channels due to differences in " -"optics (e.g., different filter cubes). Not correcting for this shift " -"(e.g., by measuring it and applying the corresponding correction to the " -"channels) can limit your ability to detect colocalization." +"optics (e.g., different filter cubes). Not correcting for this shift (e.g., " +"by measuring it and applying the corresponding correction to the channels) " +"can limit your ability to detect colocalization." msgstr "" +"**Pas de correction du décalage entre les canaux** Il est courant d'avoir un" +" certain degré de décalage entre les différents canaux d'imagerie en raison " +"des différences d'optique (par exemple, différents cubes de filtres). Ne pas" +" corriger ce décalage (par exemple, en le mesurant et en appliquant la " +"correction correspondante aux canaux) peut limiter votre capacité à détecter" +" la colocalisation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:57 msgid "" -"**Bleedthrough** Sometimes signal from one fluorescent channel bleeds " -"into another, which can falsely increase your detected colocalization. " -"This happens most commonly with fluorophores that are similar in spectra " -"(e.g., GFP and YFP). This is caused by fluorophore in one channel being " -"weakly excited by light used to excite a different fluorophore and the " -"resulting emitted fluorescence makes it through the emission filter " -"(e.g., your green objects show up in the yellow channel as well). Assess " -"this with single label controls." -msgstr "" +"**Bleedthrough** Sometimes signal from one fluorescent channel bleeds into " +"another, which can falsely increase your detected colocalization. This " +"happens most commonly with fluorophores that are similar in spectra (e.g., " +"GFP and YFP). This is caused by fluorophore in one channel being weakly " +"excited by light used to excite a different fluorophore and the resulting " +"emitted fluorescence makes it through the emission filter (e.g., your green " +"objects show up in the yellow channel as well). Assess this with single " +"label controls." +msgstr "" +"**Bleedthrough** Parfois, le signal d'un canal fluorescent se répand dans un" +" autre, ce qui peut faussement augmenter votre colocalisation détectée. Cela" +" se produit le plus souvent avec des fluorophores dont les spectres sont " +"similaires (par exemple, GFP et YFP). Cela est dû au fait que le fluorophore" +" dans un canal est faiblement excité par la lumière utilisée pour exciter un" +" fluorophore différent et la fluorescence émise qui en résulte passe à " +"travers le filtre d'émission (par exemple, vos objets verts apparaissent " +"également dans le canal jaune). Évaluez cela avec des contrôles à étiquette " +"unique." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:58 msgid "" -"**Improper interpretation of your colocalization metric** The details of " -"the metric chosen here are very important - they vary widely in terms of " -"their inclusion of background pixels, their sensitivity to signal-to-" -"noise, etc. Consultation with an expert and the inclusion of proper " -"controls can help you be assured that your measurement is truly what you " -"think it is." +"**Improper interpretation of your colocalization metric** The details of the" +" metric chosen here are very important - they vary widely in terms of their " +"inclusion of background pixels, their sensitivity to signal-to-noise, etc. " +"Consultation with an expert and the inclusion of proper controls can help " +"you be assured that your measurement is truly what you think it is." msgstr "" +"**Mauvaise interprétation de votre métrique de colocalisation** Les détails " +"de la métrique choisie ici sont très importants - ils varient " +"considérablement en termes d'inclusion de pixels d'arrière-plan, de " +"sensibilité au signal sur bruit, etc. Consultation avec un expert et le " +"l'inclusion de contrôles appropriés peut vous aider à être assuré que votre " +"mesure est vraiment ce que vous pensez qu'elle est." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:63 msgid "" "🔢 [Theoretical background on " "colocalization](https://svi.nl/ColocalizationTheory)" msgstr "" +"🔢 [Contexte théorique sur la " +"colocalisation](https://svi.nl/ColocalizationTheory)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:64 msgid "" "📄 [Image co-localization - co-occurrence versus " -"correlation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151" -"/Image-co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}`Aaron2018-qi`" +"correlation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151/Image-" +"co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}`Aaron2018-qi`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Co-localisation d'images - co-occurrence versus " +"corrélation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151/Image-" +"co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}` Aaron2018-qi`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:1 msgid "Common types of analysis" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Types d'analyse courants" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:3 msgid "" "In this section, we detail information and tips about some common, very " "useful types of image analysis. We first describe two aspects of " -"morphological analysis. **Morphology** is the study of the appearance, " -"form, and structure of an object and morphological measurements include " -"those based on object **shape** (e.g. cell area) as well as **intensity**" -" (e.g. mean brightness of GFP). After describing shape-based and " -"intensity-based analyses, we also present tips for measuring " -"**colocalization**, **tracking objects**, and **classifying objects**." -msgstr "" +"morphological analysis. **Morphology** is the study of the appearance, form," +" and structure of an object and morphological measurements include those " +"based on object **shape** (e.g. cell area) as well as **intensity** (e.g. " +"mean brightness of GFP). After describing shape-based and intensity-based " +"analyses, we also present tips for measuring **colocalization**, **tracking " +"objects**, and **classifying objects**." +msgstr "" +"Dans cette section, nous détaillons des informations et des conseils sur " +"certains types d'analyse d'image courants et très utiles. Nous décrivons " +"d'abord deux aspects de l'analyse morphologique. La **morphologie** est " +"l'étude de l'apparence, de la forme et de la structure d'un objet. Les " +"mesures morphologiques incluent celles basées sur la **forme** de l'objet " +"(par exemple, la zone cellulaire) ainsi que sur l'**intensité** (par " +"exemple, la luminosité moyenne de GFP). Après avoir décrit les analyses " +"basées sur la forme et sur l'intensité, nous présentons également des " +"conseils pour mesurer la **colocalisation**, le **suivi d'objets** et la " +"**classification d'objets**." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:1 msgid "Data management and sharing" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Gestion et partage des données" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:3 msgid "What is it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que c'est?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:5 msgid "" "Both journals and scientific funders have placed more emphasis in recent " -"years on the fact that it is critical to save both the raw data generated" -" during the course of scientific discovery as well as the workflows used " -"to process such data. While mandates to publicly deposit raw image data " -"have recently gone into place in several countries, it can be difficult " -"for researchers to know where to store images, code, and metadata " -"associated with their bioimaging experiments." -msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md +"years on the fact that it is critical to save both the raw data generated " +"during the course of scientific discovery as well as the workflows used to " +"process such data. While mandates to publicly deposit raw image data have " +"recently gone into place in several countries, it can be difficult for " +"researchers to know where to store images, code, and metadata associated " +"with their bioimaging experiments." +msgstr "" +"Les revues et les bailleurs de fonds scientifiques ont mis davantage " +"l'accent ces dernières années sur le fait qu'il est essentiel de sauvegarder" +" à la fois les données brutes générées au cours de la découverte " +"scientifique ainsi que les flux de travail utilisés pour traiter ces " +"données. Bien que des mandats de dépôt public de données d'images brutes " +"aient récemment été mis en place dans plusieurs pays, il peut être difficile" +" pour les chercheurs de savoir où stocker les images, le code et les " +"métadonnées associées à leurs expériences de bioimagerie." + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 msgid "🤔 What are my options?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🤔 Quelles sont mes options ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:9 msgid "" -"There are many options for storing image data in online repositories. " -"These services make it easy to share and reuse data. The best option will" -" depend on the size of the dataset, the budget for storage, whether there" -" is related non-image data, and how much metadata is available for the " -"dataset. Some options are summarized below:" +"There are many options for storing image data in online repositories. These " +"services make it easy to share and reuse data. The best option will depend " +"on the size of the dataset, the budget for storage, whether there is related" +" non-image data, and how much metadata is available for the dataset. Some " +"options are summarized below:" msgstr "" +"Il existe de nombreuses options pour stocker des données d'image dans des " +"référentiels en ligne. Ces services facilitent le partage et la " +"réutilisation des données. La meilleure option dépendra de la taille de " +"l'ensemble de données, du budget de stockage, de l'existence ou non de " +"données liées à des images et de la quantité de métadonnées disponibles pour" +" l'ensemble de données. Certaines options sont résumées ci-dessous :" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 msgid "Comparison of various data respositories" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comparaison de différents référentiels de données" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:18 msgid "" "**Options for storing bioimaging data** Figure by Beth Cimini (2023) " "[Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7628604)" msgstr "" +"**Options de stockage des données de bioimagerie** Figure de Beth Cimini " +"(2023) [Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7628604)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:24 msgid "" "**Not storing original versions of images**. It is critical that the raw " -"image data be saved and stored. It is very important that these files are" -" not compressed formats (e.g., '.jpeg') or modified from the original " -"files on which analysis was performed. If files are modified, " -"measurements will change and the analysis pipeline will not be " -"reproducible to anyone else." -msgstr "" +"image data be saved and stored. It is very important that these files are " +"not compressed formats (e.g., '.jpeg') or modified from the original files " +"on which analysis was performed. If files are modified, measurements will " +"change and the analysis pipeline will not be reproducible to anyone else." +msgstr "" +"**Ne stocke pas les versions originales des images**. Il est essentiel que " +"les données d'image brutes soient enregistrées et stockées. Il est très " +"important que ces fichiers ne soient pas des formats compressés (par " +"exemple, '.jpeg') ou modifiés à partir des fichiers originaux sur lesquels " +"l'analyse a été effectuée. Si les fichiers sont modifiés, les mesures " +"changeront et le pipeline d'analyse ne pourra être reproduit par personne " +"d'autre." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:26 msgid "" "**Necessary imaging metadata is unavailable**. In order to properly " -"calibrate measurement data, it's critical that information like pixel " -"size (e.g., in microns), the microscope manufacturer and model, and " -"acquisition settings are included alongside the data. If this isn't " -"included, it will be very difficult to reproduce results or use the " -"combine the data with other datasets." -msgstr "" +"calibrate measurement data, it's critical that information like pixel size " +"(e.g., in microns), the microscope manufacturer and model, and acquisition " +"settings are included alongside the data. If this isn't included, it will be" +" very difficult to reproduce results or use the combine the data with other " +"datasets." +msgstr "" +"**Les métadonnées d'imagerie nécessaires ne sont pas disponibles**. Afin de " +"calibrer correctement les données de mesure, il est essentiel que des " +"informations telles que la taille des pixels (par exemple, en microns), le " +"fabricant et le modèle du microscope et les paramètres d'acquisition soient " +"incluses à côté des données. Si cela n'est pas inclus, il sera très " +"difficile de reproduire les résultats ou d'utiliser la combinaison des " +"données avec d'autres ensembles de données." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:32 msgid "🌐 [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:33 msgid "🌐 [Figshare](https://figshare.com)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Figshare](https://figshare.com)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:34 msgid "🌐 [Dryad](https://datadryad.org)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Dryade](https://datadryad.org)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:35 msgid "" "🌐 [Bioimage Archive](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/bioimage-archive/) " "{cite}`Hartley2022-mt`" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Archive Bioimage](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/bioimage-archive/) " +"{cite}`Hartley2022-mt`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:36 msgid "" "🌐 [Image Data Resource (IDR)](https://idr.openmicroscopy.org/) " "{cite}`Williams2017-yy`" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Ressource de données d'image (IDR)] (https://idr.openmicroscopy.org/) " +"{cite}`Williams2017-yy`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:37 msgid "🌐 [BBBC](https://bbbc.broadinstitute.org/) {cite}`Ljosa2012-fr`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [BBBC](https://bbbc.broadinstitute.org/) {cite}`Ljosa2012-fr`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:38 msgid "" "🌐 [Cell Painting Gallery](https://registry.opendata.aws/cellpainting-" "gallery/)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Galerie de peinture cellulaire] " +"(https://registry.opendata.aws/cellpainting-gallery/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:1 msgid "General Use Software" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Logiciel à usage général" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:3 msgid "" -"Tools on this page tend to be relatively multipurpose across a lot of " -"kinds of analyses and/or images. For tools that specialize in certain " -"analysis steps, see the [Specific Use Software](./SpecificUseSoftware.md)" -" page." +"Tools on this page tend to be relatively multipurpose across a lot of kinds " +"of analyses and/or images. For tools that specialize in certain analysis " +"steps, see the [Specific Use Software](./SpecificUseSoftware.md) page." msgstr "" +"Les outils de cette page ont tendance à être relativement polyvalents pour " +"de nombreux types d'analyses et/ou d'images. Pour les outils spécialisés " +"dans certaines étapes d'analyse, consultez la page [Logiciel à usage " +"spécifique](./SpecificUseSoftware.md)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:6 msgid "" "\"logo\" ImageJ" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" ImageJ" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:9 msgid "" "[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) " "{cite}`Schneider2012-gs,Schindelin2012-kk,Rueden2017-ku` is an imaging " "processing program that is capable of operating on a variety of images " -"including multichannel, 3D and time series. It provides a variety of " -"basic imaging processing operations, but it can be complemented with a " -"variety of plugins for more complex tasks." +"including multichannel, 3D and time series. It provides a variety of basic " +"imaging processing operations, but it can be complemented with a variety of " +"plugins for more complex tasks." msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md +"[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) " +"{cite}`Schneider2012-gs,Schindelin2012-kk,Rueden2017-ku` est un programme de" +" traitement d'image capable de fonctionner sur une variété d'images, y " +"compris multicanaux, 3D et séries chronologiques. Il fournit une variété " +"d'opérations de traitement d'image de base, mais il peut être complété par " +"une variété de plugins pour des tâches plus complexes." + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:0 msgid "What are its disadvantages?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Quels sont ses inconvénients ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:14 msgid "" @@ -456,36 +672,46 @@ msgid "" "capability of batch processing and creating macros it does require some " "understanding of coding." msgstr "" +"Les opérations de traitement d'image sont effectuées une à la fois, bien " +"qu'il ait la capacité de traiter par lots et de créer des macros, il " +"nécessite une certaine compréhension du codage." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:15 msgid "" -"But while it can open large images, there is a size limit to the size it " -"can handle based on the available memory. And even if it can open large " -"images it can slow down performance." +"But while it can open large images, there is a size limit to the size it can" +" handle based on the available memory. And even if it can open large images " +"it can slow down performance." msgstr "" +"Mais bien qu'il puisse ouvrir de grandes images, il existe une limite de " +"taille à la taille qu'il peut gérer en fonction de la mémoire disponible. Et" +" même s'il peut ouvrir de grandes images, il peut ralentir les performances." -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:0 msgid "How to download/install and learn more?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comment télécharger/installer et en savoir plus ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:20 msgid "To download ImageJ or its “batteries-included” distribution Fiji go to" msgstr "" +"Pour télécharger ImageJ ou sa distribution \"piles incluses\" Fidji, rendez-" +"vous sur" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:24 msgid "🌐 [ImageJ download](https://imagej.net/downloads)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement ImageJ](https://imagej.net/downloads)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:26 msgid "" -"For documentation and tutorials on how to use ImageJ as well as a list of" -" available plugins" +"For documentation and tutorials on how to use ImageJ as well as a list of " +"available plugins" msgstr "" +"Pour de la documentation et des tutoriels sur l'utilisation d'ImageJ ainsi " +"qu'une liste des plugins disponibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:30 msgid "🌐 [ImageJ basics](https://imagej.net/learn/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Les bases d'ImageJ](https://imagej.net/learn/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:34 msgid "" @@ -493,42 +719,63 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/original/2X/b/bcdcd5ba157e07e74dd1964ec81765e708455ed9.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> CellProfiler" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" CellProfiler" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:36 msgid "" "[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) {cite}`Stirling2021-sg` is a " -"software designed for biologists by biologists; it creates a bridge " -"between image analysis and scientist with no need of computational " -"expertise. It was designed with the idea of an image analysis pipeline in" -" mind: it allows you to take a series of interoperable modules to design " -"your own custom analysis pipeline that can be applied to one or thousands" -" of images, making it suitable for high throughput image analysis." -msgstr "" +"software designed for biologists by biologists; it creates a bridge between " +"image analysis and scientist with no need of computational expertise. It was" +" designed with the idea of an image analysis pipeline in mind: it allows you" +" to take a series of interoperable modules to design your own custom " +"analysis pipeline that can be applied to one or thousands of images, making " +"it suitable for high throughput image analysis." +msgstr "" +"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) {cite}`Stirling2021-sg` est un " +"logiciel conçu pour les biologistes par des biologistes ; il crée un pont " +"entre l'analyse d'images et le scientifique sans avoir besoin d'expertise " +"informatique. Il a été conçu avec l'idée d'un pipeline d'analyse d'images à " +"l'esprit : il vous permet de prendre une série de modules interopérables " +"pour concevoir votre propre pipeline d'analyse personnalisé qui peut être " +"appliqué à une ou des milliers d'images, ce qui le rend adapté à l'analyse " +"d'images à haut débit. ." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:42 msgid "" "CellProfiler can’t handle large images, like whole tissue sections from " -"histology experiments. The image size is currently limited by the " -"available memory on your computer." +"histology experiments. The image size is currently limited by the available " +"memory on your computer." msgstr "" +"CellProfiler ne peut pas gérer de grandes images, comme des sections de " +"tissus entiers provenant d'expériences d'histologie. La taille de l'image " +"est actuellement limitée par la mémoire disponible sur votre ordinateur." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:43 msgid "" -"While CellProfiler can perform analysis on 3D images the visualization is" -" limited to a one z-plane at a time via a slider on the viewing window." +"While CellProfiler can perform analysis on 3D images the visualization is " +"limited to a one z-plane at a time via a slider on the viewing window." msgstr "" +"Alors que CellProfiler peut effectuer une analyse sur des images 3D, la " +"visualisation est limitée à un plan z à la fois via un curseur sur la " +"fenêtre de visualisation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:44 -msgid "Also several features of CellProfiler are only available for 2D images." +msgid "" +"Also several features of CellProfiler are only available for 2D images." msgstr "" +"De plus, plusieurs fonctionnalités de CellProfiler ne sont disponibles que " +"pour les images 2D." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:49 msgid "To download CellProfiler" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger Cell Profiler" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:53 msgid "🌐 [CellProfiler download](https://cellprofiler.org/releases)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [téléchargement de CellProfiler] (https://cellprofiler.org/releases)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:55 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:84 @@ -537,27 +784,31 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:172 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:59 msgid "For documentation examples and tutorials." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour des exemples de documentation et des tutoriels." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:59 msgid "" "🌐 [CellProfiler user manual](https://cellprofiler-" "manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/index.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Manuel d'utilisation de CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" +"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:60 msgid "🌐 [Examples](https://cellprofiler.org/examples)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Exemples](https://cellprofiler.org/examples)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:61 msgid "🌐 [Tutorials](https://tutorials.cellprofiler.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Tutoriels](https://tutorials.cellprofiler.org/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:62 msgid "" "🎥 [Video tutorials and " "workshops](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXSm9cHbSZBBy7JkChB32_e3lURUcT3RL)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Tutoriels vidéo et " +"ateliers](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXSm9cHbSZBBy7JkChB32_e3lURUcT3RL)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:66 msgid "" @@ -565,39 +816,52 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/optimized/3X/6/0/6039b2daa4b6b1c32943f63f464cf3c477898bfe_2_750x750.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> QuPath" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" QuPath" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:68 msgid "" -"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) {cite}`Bankhead2017-kz` offers a wide" -" set of image analysis tools that can be applied to whole slide images. " -"For that reason it is widely utilized with pathology images, but it can " -"be used with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel " -"classification tools and can integrate with ImageJ (e.g., for sending " -"{term}`ROIs` between the programs, or for accessing ImageJ plugins)." -msgstr "" +"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) {cite}`Bankhead2017-kz` offers a wide " +"set of image analysis tools that can be applied to whole slide images. For " +"that reason it is widely utilized with pathology images, but it can be used " +"with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel classification tools " +"and can integrate with ImageJ (e.g., for sending {term}`ROIs` between the " +"programs, or for accessing ImageJ plugins)." +msgstr "" +"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) {cite}`Bankhead2017-kz` propose un large" +" éventail d'outils d'analyse d'image pouvant être appliqués à des images de " +"diapositives entières. Pour cette raison, il est largement utilisé avec des " +"images de pathologie, mais il peut également être utilisé avec d'autres " +"images. QuPath contient également des outils de classification de pixels et " +"peut s'intégrer à ImageJ (par exemple, pour envoyer des {term}`ROIs` entre " +"les programmes ou pour accéder aux plugins ImageJ)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:73 msgid "" -"To get the most out of QuPath (especially when analyzing many images), " -"some scripting and knowledge of coding (or adapting other’s code) is " -"necessary" +"To get the most out of QuPath (especially when analyzing many images), some " +"scripting and knowledge of coding (or adapting other’s code) is necessary" msgstr "" +"Pour tirer le meilleur parti de QuPath (en particulier lors de l'analyse de " +"nombreuses images), des scripts et une connaissance du codage (ou de " +"l'adaptation du code d'un autre) sont nécessaires" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:78 msgid "To download QuPath" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger QuPath" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:82 msgid "🌐 [QuPath download](https://qupath.github.io/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement QuPath] (https://qupath.github.io/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:88 msgid "🌐 [QuPath user manual](https://qupath.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Manuel d'utilisation de QuPath](https://qupath.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:89 msgid "🎥 [Video tutorials and workshops](https://www.youtube.com/c/qupath)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🎥 [Tutoriels vidéo et ateliers](https://www.youtube.com/c/qupath)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:93 msgid "" @@ -605,35 +869,45 @@ msgid "" "content/uploads/2018/07/logo_full_notext600px.png\" alt=\"logo\" " "width=\"30px\"> Icy" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" Glacé" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:95 msgid "" -"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) {cite}`De_Chaumont2012-pe` is an" -" out of the box image analysis tools, it utilizes plugins to create " -"visual image analysis protocols that can be shared with other users." +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) {cite}`De_Chaumont2012-pe` is an " +"out of the box image analysis tools, it utilizes plugins to create visual " +"image analysis protocols that can be shared with other users." msgstr "" +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) {cite}`De_Chaumont2012-pe` est un " +"outil d'analyse d'image prêt à l'emploi, il utilise des plugins pour créer " +"des protocoles d'analyse d'image visuelle qui peuvent être partagés avec " +"d'autres utilisateurs." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:102 msgid "Icy interoperability with other softwares is limited to ImageJ" -msgstr "" +msgstr "L'interopérabilité d'Icy avec d'autres logiciels est limitée à ImageJ" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:107 msgid "To download Icy" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger Glacé" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:111 msgid "🌐 [Icy download](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/download/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement glacé](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/download/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:117 -msgid "🌐 [Icy course and tutorial](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/trainings/)" +msgid "" +"🌐 [Icy course and tutorial](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/trainings/)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Cours et tutoriel Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/trainings/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:118 msgid "" -"🎥 [Bioimage analysis with Icy " -"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myal9BD6J-k)" +"🎥 [Bioimage analysis with Icy ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myal9BD6J-k)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Analyse de bioimages avec Icy " +"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myal9BD6J-k)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:122 msgid "" @@ -641,44 +915,58 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/optimized/3X/7/4/74273a1f9a663b52053d44c9767ed49193f2170f_2_787x750.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> MIB (Microscopy Image Browser)" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" MIB (Navigateur d'images de microscopie)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:124 msgid "" -"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) {cite}`Belevich2016-vi` is a " -"user-friendly software for image analysis of multidimensional datasets " -"for both light and electron microscopy. It allows you to use the whole " -"acquired data for its analysis and extraction of morphological features." +"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) {cite}`Belevich2016-vi` is a user-" +"friendly software for image analysis of multidimensional datasets for both " +"light and electron microscopy. It allows you to use the whole acquired data " +"for its analysis and extraction of morphological features." msgstr "" +"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) {cite}`Belevich2016-vi` est un " +"logiciel convivial pour l'analyse d'images d'ensembles de données " +"multidimensionnelles pour la microscopie optique et électronique. Il vous " +"permet d'utiliser l'ensemble des données acquises pour son analyse et " +"l'extraction de caractéristiques morphologiques." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:131 msgid "" -"It was created using MATLAB, a standalone packaged version exist, but " -"they do not use the most up-to-date MATLAB releases" +"It was created using MATLAB, a standalone packaged version exist, but they " +"do not use the most up-to-date MATLAB releases" msgstr "" +"Il a été créé à l'aide de MATLAB, une version packagée autonome existe, mais" +" ils n'utilisent pas les versions MATLAB les plus récentes" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:136 msgid "To download MIB" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger MIB" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:140 msgid "🌐 [MIB download](http://mib.helsinki.fi/downloads.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement MIB] (http://mib.helsinki.fi/downloads.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:146 msgid "" "🌐 [MIB user " "guide](http://mib.helsinki.fi/help/main2/im_browser_user_guide.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Guide de l'utilisateur MIB] " +"(http://mib.helsinki.fi/help/main2/im_browser_user_guide.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:147 msgid "🌐 [Tutorials](http://mib.helsinki.fi/tutorials.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Tutoriels](http://mib.helsinki.fi/tutorials.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:148 msgid "" "🎥 [Video " "tutorials](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGkFvW985wz8cj8CWmXOFkXpvoX_HwXzj)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Tutoriels vidéo] " +"(https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGkFvW985wz8cj8CWmXOFkXpvoX_HwXzj)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:152 msgid "" @@ -686,41 +974,56 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/optimized/3X/7/7/775e83f70639e1cb7cb299d8681d272e18718089_2_750x750.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> napari" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" napari" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:154 msgid "" -"[napari](https://napari.org/) {cite}`Sofroniew2022-nd` is being developed" -" as a multi-dimensional image viewer that can be expanded via a variety " -"of plugins to perform basic and complex image analysis tasks." +"[napari](https://napari.org/) {cite}`Sofroniew2022-nd` is being developed as" +" a multi-dimensional image viewer that can be expanded via a variety of " +"plugins to perform basic and complex image analysis tasks." msgstr "" +"[napari](https://napari.org/) {cite}`Sofroniew2022-nd` est en cours de " +"développement en tant que visionneuse d'images multidimensionnelle qui peut " +"être étendue via une variété de plug-ins pour effectuer des tâches d'analyse" +" d'images de base et complexes." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:161 msgid "" -"napari is still in the development stages, but it is a very popular " -"platform and already has a variety of plugins and use cases with " -"tutorials available." +"napari is still in the development stages, but it is a very popular platform" +" and already has a variety of plugins and use cases with tutorials " +"available." msgstr "" +"napari est encore en phase de développement, mais c'est une plate-forme très" +" populaire et dispose déjà d'une variété de plugins et de cas d'utilisation " +"avec des tutoriels disponibles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:166 msgid "To download napari" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger napari" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:170 msgid "" "🌐 [napari bundled app download " -"](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/installation.html" -"#install-as-a-bundled-app)" +"](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/installation.html#install-" +"as-a-bundled-app)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [téléchargement de l'application groupée napari] " +"(https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/installation.html#install-" +"as-a-bundled-app)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:176 msgid "" "🌐 [New to napari guide " "](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/getting_started.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Nouveau dans le guide napari] " +"(https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/getting_started.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:177 msgid "🌐 [Tutorials](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/index.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Tutoriels](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:178 msgid "" @@ -728,100 +1031,156 @@ msgid "" "series](https://focalplane.biologists.com/category/blog-series/bio-image-" "analysis-with-napari/)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Analyse de bioimage avec Napari - Une série de blogs " +"FocalPlane](https://focalplane.biologists.com/category/blog-series/bio-" +"image-analysis-with-napari/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:1 msgid "Intensity measurements" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Mesures d'intensité" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:3 msgid "What are intensity measurements?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Que sont les mesures d'intensité ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:4 msgid "" -"Intensity refers to the brightness of signal for a fluorescent label. " -"Using intensity measurements, we can infer a relative amount of " -"fluorophore or stain. So for instance, if you have a protein tagged with " -"a fluorophore, you can measure the intensity of that fluorophore to get a" -" relative measure of how much protein is present in your sample. " -"Intensity measurements include the following (non-exhaustive) and can be " -"measured within an image, in a object like a cell, in subregions of an " -"object:" -msgstr "" +"Intensity refers to the brightness of signal for a fluorescent label. Using " +"intensity measurements, we can infer a relative amount of fluorophore or " +"stain. So for instance, if you have a protein tagged with a fluorophore, you" +" can measure the intensity of that fluorophore to get a relative measure of " +"how much protein is present in your sample. Intensity measurements include " +"the following (non-exhaustive) and can be measured within an image, in a " +"object like a cell, in subregions of an object:" +msgstr "" +"L'intensité fait référence à la luminosité du signal pour un marqueur " +"fluorescent. En utilisant des mesures d'intensité, nous pouvons déduire une " +"quantité relative de fluorophore ou de tache. Ainsi, par exemple, si vous " +"avez une protéine marquée avec un fluorophore, vous pouvez mesurer " +"l'intensité de ce fluorophore pour obtenir une mesure relative de la " +"quantité de protéine présente dans votre échantillon. Les mesures " +"d'intensité comprennent les éléments suivants (non exhaustifs) et peuvent " +"être mesurées dans une image, dans un objet comme une cellule, dans des " +"sous-régions d'un objet :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:5 msgid "**Mean intensity**: the average intensity across all pixels" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Intensité moyenne** : intensité moyenne sur tous les pixels" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:6 msgid "" "**Integrated intensity**: the sum of pixel intensities, a proxy for the " "total amount of that marker in an object" msgstr "" +"**Intensité intégrée** : la somme des intensités de pixels, un indicateur de" +" la quantité totale de ce marqueur dans un objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:7 msgid "**Texture measurements**: the smoothness of the intensities" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Mesures de texture** : la finesse des intensités" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:13 msgid "" -"Intensity is relatively straightforward to measure, but can be quite " -"tricky to do _correctly_ (see below). We strongly suggest you contact an " -"image analysis expert before proceeding with this type of analysis " -"because there are so many places things can go wrong. In general, you " -"want to measure on either raw images, or illumination-corrected images, " -"but in general with minimal {term}`image processing`. Illumination-" -"correction is a form of {term}`image processing` to compensate for the " -"uneven pattern of illumination produced by most light sources where the " -"middle of the field of illumination is brighter than the edges. Then " -"intensity measurements can be made in any standard image analysis " -"software, either across the whole image or in identified objects. See " -"below for an example workflow:" -msgstr "" +"Intensity is relatively straightforward to measure, but can be quite tricky " +"to do _correctly_ (see below). We strongly suggest you contact an image " +"analysis expert before proceeding with this type of analysis because there " +"are so many places things can go wrong. In general, you want to measure on " +"either raw images, or illumination-corrected images, but in general with " +"minimal {term}`image processing`. Illumination-correction is a form of " +"{term}`image processing` to compensate for the uneven pattern of " +"illumination produced by most light sources where the middle of the field of" +" illumination is brighter than the edges. Then intensity measurements can be" +" made in any standard image analysis software, either across the whole image" +" or in identified objects. See below for an example workflow:" +msgstr "" +"L'intensité est relativement simple à mesurer, mais peut être assez " +"difficile à faire _correctement_ (voir ci-dessous). Nous vous suggérons " +"fortement de contacter un expert en analyse d'images avant de procéder à ce " +"type d'analyse car il y a tellement d'endroits où les choses peuvent mal " +"tourner. En général, vous souhaitez mesurer soit sur des images brutes, soit" +" sur des images corrigées par l'éclairage, mais en général avec un " +"{term}`traitement d'image` minimal. La correction d'éclairage est une forme " +"de \"traitement d'image\" pour compenser le motif d'éclairage irrégulier " +"produit par la plupart des sources lumineuses où le milieu du champ " +"d'éclairage est plus lumineux que les bords. Ensuite, des mesures " +"d'intensité peuvent être effectuées dans n'importe quel logiciel d'analyse " +"d'image standard, soit sur l'ensemble de l'image, soit sur des objets " +"identifiés. Voir ci-dessous pour un exemple de flux de travail :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:35 msgid "" "To understand saturation another way, imagine you’re trying to measure " -"average male height with a 2 meter tape measure. If our sample contains " -"men that are taller than 2 meters, we can’t tell _how much taller_ than 6" -" feet they are; they’re like saturated pixels that exceed the intensity " -"we can detect. This saturation of our measurement tool means we can’t " -"accurately report average height." -msgstr "" +"average male height with a 2 meter tape measure. If our sample contains men " +"that are taller than 2 meters, we can’t tell _how much taller_ than 6 feet " +"they are; they’re like saturated pixels that exceed the intensity we can " +"detect. This saturation of our measurement tool means we can’t accurately " +"report average height." +msgstr "" +"Pour comprendre la saturation d'une autre manière, imaginez que vous essayez" +" de mesurer la taille moyenne d'un homme avec un ruban à mesurer de 2 " +"mètres. Si notre échantillon contient des hommes qui mesurent plus de 2 " +"mètres, nous ne pouvons pas dire combien ils mesurent plus de 6 pieds ; ils " +"sont comme des pixels saturés qui dépassent l'intensité que nous pouvons " +"détecter. Cette saturation de notre outil de mesure signifie que nous ne " +"pouvons pas rapporter avec précision la taille moyenne." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:38 msgid "" -"**Saturation** Saturated pixels are so bright their intensity values max " -"out our detector (camera). If you have saturated pixels in the cells " -"you’re trying to measure, you really can’t do most intensity " -"measurements. This is because for saturated pixels, you don’t know how " -"bright they really are, just that they’re brighter than you can detect. " -"There are some intensity measurements that are robust to some saturation." -" For example, the median intensity of an image won’t be affected by " -"saturation unless you have >½ the image saturated. But measurements like " -"mean intensity will be affected by saturation." -msgstr "" +"**Saturation** Saturated pixels are so bright their intensity values max out" +" our detector (camera). If you have saturated pixels in the cells you’re " +"trying to measure, you really can’t do most intensity measurements. This is " +"because for saturated pixels, you don’t know how bright they really are, " +"just that they’re brighter than you can detect. There are some intensity " +"measurements that are robust to some saturation. For example, the median " +"intensity of an image won’t be affected by saturation unless you have >½ the" +" image saturated. But measurements like mean intensity will be affected by " +"saturation." +msgstr "" +"**Saturation** Les pixels saturés sont si brillants que leurs valeurs " +"d'intensité maximisent notre détecteur (caméra). Si vous avez des pixels " +"saturés dans les cellules que vous essayez de mesurer, vous ne pouvez " +"vraiment pas faire la plupart des mesures d'intensité. En effet, pour les " +"pixels saturés, vous ne savez pas à quel point ils sont réellement lumineux," +" mais simplement qu'ils sont plus lumineux que vous ne pouvez le détecter. " +"Certaines mesures d'intensité sont robustes à une certaine saturation. Par " +"exemple, l'intensité médiane d'une image ne sera pas affectée par la " +"saturation à moins que vous ayez> ½ l'image saturée. Mais des mesures comme " +"l'intensité moyenne seront affectées par la saturation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:40 msgid "" -"**Inadequate controls** In most cases, the exact intensity measures you " -"get don’t mean anything biologically in isolation. It’s only by " -"comparison of conditions that we can generate some biological insight. A " -"control condition is therefore **very** important to compare to your " -"experimental condition." +"**Inadequate controls** In most cases, the exact intensity measures you get " +"don’t mean anything biologically in isolation. It’s only by comparison of " +"conditions that we can generate some biological insight. A control condition" +" is therefore **very** important to compare to your experimental condition." msgstr "" +"** Contrôles inadéquats ** Dans la plupart des cas, les mesures d'intensité " +"exactes que vous obtenez ne signifient rien biologiquement isolément. Ce " +"n'est qu'en comparant les conditions que nous pouvons générer des " +"informations biologiques. Une condition de contrôle est donc **très** " +"importante à comparer à votre condition expérimentale." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:42 msgid "" -"**Not matching imaging conditions across experimental conditions** " -"Because intensity measures are affected by exposure time, light source " -"intensity, and other factors, it’s very important to match imaging " -"settings across your samples. Relatedly, you should make sure you don’t " -"separate imaging your experimental and control conditions to different " -"days if this can be in any way avoided. Fluorophores can become dimmer " -"over time in samples, which complicates interpretation if different " -"sample types were imaged on different days." -msgstr "" +"**Not matching imaging conditions across experimental conditions** Because " +"intensity measures are affected by exposure time, light source intensity, " +"and other factors, it’s very important to match imaging settings across your" +" samples. Relatedly, you should make sure you don’t separate imaging your " +"experimental and control conditions to different days if this can be in any " +"way avoided. Fluorophores can become dimmer over time in samples, which " +"complicates interpretation if different sample types were imaged on " +"different days." +msgstr "" +"**Ne correspond pas aux conditions d'imagerie dans les conditions " +"expérimentales** Étant donné que les mesures d'intensité sont affectées par " +"le temps d'exposition, l'intensité de la source lumineuse et d'autres " +"facteurs, il est très important de faire correspondre les paramètres " +"d'imagerie de vos échantillons. De même, vous devez vous assurer de ne pas " +"séparer l'imagerie de vos conditions expérimentales et de contrôle à des " +"jours différents si cela peut être évité de quelque manière que ce soit. Les" +" fluorophores peuvent devenir plus sombres au fil du temps dans les " +"échantillons, ce qui complique l'interprétation si différents types " +"d'échantillons ont été imagés à des jours différents." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:48 msgid "" @@ -829,78 +1188,103 @@ msgid "" "measures](https://neubias.github.io/training-" "resources/measure_intensities/index.html)" msgstr "" +"🎓 [Ressource de formation Neubias sur les mesures " +"d'intensité](https://neubias.github.io/training-" +"resources/measure_intensities/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Introduction.md:1 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:3 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_processing.md:3 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_segmentation.md:3 msgid "Introduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Introduction" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Introduction.md:3 msgid "" "Microscopy images are inherently quantitative, which makes them a very " -"powerful data source. As a biologist, image analysis allows you to " -"translate these numbers into insights that answer biological questions. " -"For our purposes, **image analysis** is the process of measuring aspects " -"of biological phenomena captured in microscopy images. Microscopy images " -"are already _inherently quantitative_ in that they are matrices (i.e., " -"grids) of numbers. However, image analysis is the process of turning " -"these raw numbers into biologically interpretable measurements. Image " -"analysis typically involves a series of steps that can be collected into " -"a pipeline or analysis workflow. A simple example workflow is shown " -"below:" -msgstr "" +"powerful data source. As a biologist, image analysis allows you to translate" +" these numbers into insights that answer biological questions. For our " +"purposes, **image analysis** is the process of measuring aspects of " +"biological phenomena captured in microscopy images. Microscopy images are " +"already _inherently quantitative_ in that they are matrices (i.e., grids) of" +" numbers. However, image analysis is the process of turning these raw " +"numbers into biologically interpretable measurements. Image analysis " +"typically involves a series of steps that can be collected into a pipeline " +"or analysis workflow. A simple example workflow is shown below:" +msgstr "" +"Les images de microscopie sont intrinsèquement quantitatives, ce qui en fait" +" une source de données très puissante. En tant que biologiste, l'analyse " +"d'images vous permet de traduire ces chiffres en informations qui répondent " +"à des questions biologiques. Pour nos besoins, l'**analyse d'image** est le " +"processus de mesure des aspects des phénomènes biologiques capturés dans les" +" images de microscopie. Les images de microscopie sont déjà _intrinsèquement" +" quantitatives_ en ce qu'elles sont des matrices (c'est-à-dire des grilles) " +"de nombres. Cependant, l'analyse d'image est le processus de transformation " +"de ces nombres bruts en mesures biologiquement interprétables. L'analyse " +"d'images implique généralement une série d'étapes qui peuvent être " +"rassemblées dans un pipeline ou un workflow d'analyse. Un exemple de flux de" +" travail simple est illustré ci-dessous :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Introduction.md:26 msgid "" -"The specifics of your workflow depend on your biological question. Below " -"we present a few common types of analysis for fluorescence microscopy " +"The specifics of your workflow depend on your biological question. Below we " +"present a few common types of analysis for fluorescence microscopy " "experiments. For each, we’ll explain key ideas to understand before you " -"begin, common pitfalls, and links to a few key resources to learn more. " -"We encourage you to think about your analysis strategy even before " -"beginning sample preparation. While not always possible, speaking with an" -" image analysis expert in your local core facility or asking a question " -"on the [image.sc](https://image.sc) forum _before you begin_ can save you" -" a ton of time and headache when it comes to designing an image analysis " -"strategy." -msgstr "" +"begin, common pitfalls, and links to a few key resources to learn more. We " +"encourage you to think about your analysis strategy even before beginning " +"sample preparation. While not always possible, speaking with an image " +"analysis expert in your local core facility or asking a question on the " +"[image.sc](https://image.sc) forum _before you begin_ can save you a ton of " +"time and headache when it comes to designing an image analysis strategy." +msgstr "" +"Les spécificités de votre flux de travail dépendent de votre question " +"biologique. Ci-dessous, nous présentons quelques types courants d'analyse " +"pour les expériences de microscopie à fluorescence. Pour chacun, nous " +"expliquerons les idées clés à comprendre avant de commencer, les pièges " +"courants et des liens vers quelques ressources clés pour en savoir plus. " +"Nous vous encourageons à réfléchir à votre stratégie d'analyse avant même de" +" commencer la préparation des échantillons. Bien que cela ne soit pas " +"toujours possible, parler à un expert en analyse d'images de votre " +"plateforme locale ou poser une question sur le forum " +"[image.sc](https://image.sc) _avant de commencer_ peut vous faire gagner " +"beaucoup de temps et vous éviter des maux de tête lorsque il s'agit de " +"concevoir une stratégie d'analyse d'images." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:1 msgid "Resources for learning more" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Des ressources pour en savoir plus" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:7 msgid "**Resource Name**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:8 msgid "**Link**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Lien**" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:9 msgid "**Brief description**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Brève description**" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:10 msgid "🌐 Image.sc {cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Image.sc {cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:11 msgid "[link](https://forum.image.sc/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://forum.image.sc/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:12 msgid "Discussion forum for bioimage analysis software" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Forum de discussion sur les logiciels d'analyse de bioimages" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:13 msgid "🌐 Peter Bankhead’s Intro to Bioimage Analysis" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Introduction de Peter Bankhead à l'analyse de bioimage" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:14 msgid "[link](https://bioimagebook.github.io/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://bioimagebook.github.io/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:15 msgid "" @@ -908,86 +1292,110 @@ msgid "" "questions/answers, exercises with Python and ImageJ, and videos to check " "understanding" msgstr "" +"Guide pour les débutants absolus en analyse d'images, comprenant des " +"questions/réponses intégrées, des exercices avec Python et ImageJ, et des " +"vidéos pour vérifier la compréhension" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:16 msgid "📖 Bioimage Data Analysis {cite}`Miura2016-wq`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📖 Analyse des données Bioimage {cite}`Miura2016-wq`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:17 -msgid "[link](https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00050003/full/bioimagedataanalysis.pdf)" +msgid "" +"[link](https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00050003/full/bioimagedataanalysis.pdf)" msgstr "" +"[lien](https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00050003/full/bioimagedataanalysis.pdf)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:18 msgid "" "A free online textbook introducing various topics by Bioimage Analysis " "experts, edited by Kota Miura" msgstr "" +"Un manuel en ligne gratuit présentant divers sujets par des experts en " +"analyse de bioimage, édité par Kota Miura" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:19 msgid "📄 Reproducible image handling and analysis {cite}`Miura2021-mb`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📄 Traitement et analyse d'images reproductibles {cite}`Miura2021-mb`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:20 msgid "[link](https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embj.2020105889)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embj.2020105889)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:21 msgid "" -"An article reviewing major pitfalls in image handling and how to avoid " -"them and create reproducible analysis workflows" +"An article reviewing major pitfalls in image handling and how to avoid them " +"and create reproducible analysis workflows" msgstr "" +"Un article passant en revue les principaux pièges de la gestion des images " +"et comment les éviter et créer des workflows d'analyse reproductibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:22 -msgid "📄 Made to measure: an introduction to quantification in microscopy data" +msgid "" +"📄 Made to measure: an introduction to quantification in microscopy data" msgstr "" +"📄 Sur mesure : une introduction à la quantification dans les données de " +"microscopie" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:23 msgid "[link](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01657#) {cite}`Culley2023-dj`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01657#) {cite}`Culley2023-dj`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:24 msgid "" "An article describing several common classes of measurements made in " "microscopy data, as well as technical factors that may affect the results" msgstr "" +"Un article décrivant plusieurs classes courantes de mesures effectuées dans " +"les données de microscopie, ainsi que les facteurs techniques pouvant " +"affecter les résultats" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:25 msgid "" "📄 A Hitchhiker's guide through the bio-image analysis software universe " "{cite}`Haase2022-ad`" msgstr "" +"📄 Un guide de l'auto-stoppeur à travers l'univers du logiciel d'analyse " +"d'images bio {cite}`Haase2022-ad`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:26 -msgid "[link](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" +msgid "" +"[link](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" msgstr "" +"[lien](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:27 msgid "" -"An article that gives guidance and a glossary of available image analysis" -" software and packages" +"An article that gives guidance and a glossary of available image analysis " +"software and packages" msgstr "" +"Un article qui donne des conseils et un glossaire des logiciels et packages " +"d'analyse d'images disponibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:28 msgid "🌐 BioImage Informatics Index" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Index informatique BioImage" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:29 msgid "[link](https://biii.eu/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://biii.eu/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:30 msgid "" "Repository platform for searching bioimage analysis tools and workflows " "based on the problem, method or software of choice" msgstr "" +"Plateforme de référentiel pour la recherche d'outils d'analyse d'images " +"biographiques et de flux de travail en fonction du problème, de la méthode " +"ou du logiciel de choix" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:31 msgid "🎥 iBiology Bioimage Analysis video series" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🎥 Série de vidéos iBiology Bioimage Analysis" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:32 msgid "[link](https://youtu.be/1xo4vi6Ub4I)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://youtu.be/1xo4vi6Ub4I)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:33 msgid "" @@ -995,148 +1403,189 @@ msgid "" "{term}`image processing`, {term}`segmentation`, tracking, making and " "interpreting measurements, tips and pitfalls" msgstr "" +"Série de vidéos présentant l'analyse Bioimage, y compris des aperçus du " +"traitement d'images {term}, de la segmentation {term}, du suivi, de la " +"réalisation et de l'interprétation des mesures, des conseils et des pièges" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:34 msgid "🌐 Bioimage ANalysis Desktop (BAND)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Bureau d'Analyse Bioimage (BAND)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:35 msgid "[link](https://band.embl.de)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://band.embl.de)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:36 msgid "" "Access to virtual desktops allowing access to bioimage analysis software " "from a browser" msgstr "" +"Accès à des bureaux virtuels permettant d'accéder à un logiciel d'analyse de" +" bioimages à partir d'un navigateur" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:37 msgid "🌐 Galaxy Imaging Node" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Nœud d'imagerie Galaxy" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:38 msgid "[link](https://imaging.usegalaxy.eu/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://imaging.usegalaxy.eu/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:39 msgid "" -"A Galaxy node prepopulated with a number of open-source image analysis " -"tools and workflows, making it easy to create and share reproducible FAIR" -" workflows" +"A Galaxy node prepopulated with a number of open-source image analysis tools" +" and workflows, making it easy to create and share reproducible FAIR " +"workflows" msgstr "" +"Un nœud Galaxy prérempli avec un certain nombre d'outils d'analyse d'images " +"et de flux de travail open source, ce qui facilite la création et le partage" +" de flux de travail FAIR reproductibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:40 msgid "🌐 Image Analysis Training Resources" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Ressources de formation à l'analyse d'images" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:41 msgid "[link](https://neubias.github.io/training-resources/index.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://neubias.github.io/training-resources/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:42 msgid "" -"Image analysis traning resources collected by NEUBIAS, styled based on " -"The Carpentries" +"Image analysis traning resources collected by NEUBIAS, styled based on The " +"Carpentries" msgstr "" +"Ressources de formation à l'analyse d'images collectées par NEUBIAS, " +"stylisées d'après The Carpentries" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:43 msgid "🌐 Bioimage Analysis AwesomeList" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Analyse Bioimage AwesomeList" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:44 msgid "[link](https://github.com/hallvaaw/awesome-biological-image-analysis)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://github.com/hallvaaw/awesome-biological-image-analysis)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:45 msgid "" "A curated [AwesomeList](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome) of " "resources related to bioimage analysis" msgstr "" +"Une [AwesomeList](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome) organisée de " +"ressources liées à l'analyse de bioimages" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:46 msgid "🌐 Bioimage Analysis Notebooks" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Cahiers d'analyse Bioimage" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:47 msgid "[link](https://haesleinhuepf.github.io/BioImageAnalysisNotebooks/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://haesleinhuepf.github.io/BioImageAnalysisNotebooks/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:48 msgid "" "A collection of Python Jupyter notebooks for BioImageAnalysis, GPU-" "accelerated image processing, bio-image data science and more" msgstr "" +"Une collection de blocs-notes Python Jupyter pour BioImageAnalysis, le " +"traitement d'images accéléré par GPU, la science des données bio-image et " +"plus encore" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:1 msgid "Size and Shape measurements" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Mesures de taille et de forme" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:3 msgid "What are size measurements?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Quelles sont les mesures de taille?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:4 msgid "" -"Size measurements describe the dimensions of objects in your image. " -"Common size measurements include:" +"Size measurements describe the dimensions of objects in your image. Common " +"size measurements include:" msgstr "" +"Les mesures de taille décrivent les dimensions des objets dans votre image. " +"Les mesures de taille courantes incluent :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:6 msgid "" "**Area**: the 2D space an object takes up in the image or the 3D surface " "area of an object" msgstr "" +"**Zone** : l'espace 2D occupé par un objet dans l'image ou la surface 3D " +"d'un objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:7 msgid "**Volume**: the 3D space an object takes up in a 3D image" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Volume** : l'espace 3D occupé par un objet dans une image 3D" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:8 msgid "**Perimeter**: the distance around the edge of an object" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Périmètre** : la distance autour du bord d'un objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:10 msgid "What are shape measurements?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Que sont les mesures de forme ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:11 msgid "" "Shape measurements describe the 2D or 3D form of objects in our sample. " "Common shape measurements include:" msgstr "" +"Les mesures de forme décrivent la forme 2D ou 3D des objets de notre " +"échantillon. Les mesures de forme courantes incluent :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:13 msgid "" -"**Circularity**: How round vs. elongated an object is. Formally defined " -"as $circularity = 4pi*{area}/{perimeter}^2$ where 1 is a perfect circle " -"and circularity <1 is a more elongated polygon." +"**Circularity**: How round vs. elongated an object is. Formally defined as " +"$circularity = 4pi*{area}/{perimeter}^2$ where 1 is a perfect circle and " +"circularity <1 is a more elongated polygon." msgstr "" +"**Circularité** : mesure dans laquelle un objet est rond ou allongé. " +"Formellement défini comme $circularity = 4pi*{area}/{perimeter}^2$ où 1 est " +"un cercle parfait et circularity <1 est un polygone plus allongé." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:14 msgid "" -"**Solidity**: how dense vs. wispy/holey an object is. Formally defined as" -" $solidity = area/convex area$ where _convex area_ is akin to the area " -"inside a shape formed by stretching a rubber band around the object." +"**Solidity**: how dense vs. wispy/holey an object is. Formally defined as " +"$solidity = area/convex area$ where _convex area_ is akin to the area inside" +" a shape formed by stretching a rubber band around the object." msgstr "" +"**Solidité** : la densité d'un objet par rapport à sa forme " +"vaporeuse/trouée. Formellement défini comme $solidité = aire/aire convexe$ " +"où _aire convexe_ s'apparente à l'aire à l'intérieur d'une forme formée en " +"étirant un élastique autour de l'objet." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:20 msgid "" "After segmenting an image to locate the pixels belonging to different " "objects, morphology can be measured readily in many image analysis " -"softwares, like FIJI and CellProfiler. For example, in {term}`Fiji`, " -"after identifying your objects as {term}`ROIs`, be sure to **Analyze > " -"Set Measurements…** and select “Shape Descriptors” then simply measure " -"your {term}`ROIs` with **Analyze > Measure**. In CellProfiler, this is " +"softwares, like FIJI and CellProfiler. For example, in {term}`Fiji`, after " +"identifying your objects as {term}`ROIs`, be sure to **Analyze > Set " +"Measurements…** and select “Shape Descriptors” then simply measure your " +"{term}`ROIs` with **Analyze > Measure**. In CellProfiler, this is " "accomplished using the module MeasureObjectSizeShape." msgstr "" +"Après avoir segmenté une image pour localiser les pixels appartenant à " +"différents objets, la morphologie peut être mesurée facilement dans de " +"nombreux logiciels d'analyse d'images, comme FIJI et CellProfiler. Par " +"exemple, dans {term}`Fiji`, après avoir identifié vos objets comme " +"{term}`ROIs`, assurez-vous de **Analyser> Définir les mesures…** et " +"sélectionnez «Descripteurs de forme», puis mesurez simplement vos " +"{term}`ROIs` avec **Analyser> Mesure**. Dans CellProfiler, cela s'effectue à" +" l'aide du module MeasureObjectSizeShape." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:25 msgid "" "**Not understanding the limitations of your images**. All biological " -"structures are 3D, but we often analyze 2D images. Often this is still " -"very useful! But the larger and more complex your objects (e.g., neurons " -"in a tissue section), the more limited a 2D view becomes." +"structures are 3D, but we often analyze 2D images. Often this is still very " +"useful! But the larger and more complex your objects (e.g., neurons in a " +"tissue section), the more limited a 2D view becomes." msgstr "" +"**Ne pas comprendre les limites de vos images**. Toutes les structures " +"biologiques sont en 3D, mais nous analysons souvent des images en 2D. Cela " +"reste souvent très utile ! Mais plus vos objets sont grands et complexes " +"(par exemple, des neurones dans une section de tissu), plus une vue 2D " +"devient limitée." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:26 msgid "" @@ -1145,6 +1594,11 @@ msgid "" "measuring 3D images, be sure to take into account the z-step, which is " "likely larger than the xy pixel size." msgstr "" +"** À défaut d'utiliser des unités calibrées **. Assurez-vous de calibrer " +"correctement vos images et de présenter les mesures finales en microns (ou " +"unités similaires). Si vous mesurez des images 3D, assurez-vous de prendre " +"en compte le pas z, qui est probablement plus grand que la taille de pixel " +"xy." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:31 msgid "" @@ -1153,56 +1607,87 @@ msgid "" "Abnormalities](https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/3/347/htm) " "{cite}`Janssen2022-bm`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Méthodes et pipelines actuels pour la quantification basée sur l'image de" +" la forme nucléaire et des anomalies de l'enveloppe nucléaire] " +"(https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/3/347/htm) {cite}`Janssen2022-bm`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:32 msgid "" -"🌐 [Description of morphological measurements made by CellProfiler](https" -"://cellprofiler-" +"🌐 [Description of morphological measurements made by " +"CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" "manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/modules/measurement.html#id20)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Description des mesures morphologiques réalisées par " +"CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" +"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/modules/measurement.html#id20)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:33 msgid "" -"🎓 [Plain language description of various morphological measures by " -"Michael " +"🎓 [Plain language description of various morphological measures by Michael " "Wirth](http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/micro2/content/education/wirth10.pdf)" msgstr "" +"🎓 [Description en langage clair de diverses mesures morphologiques par " +"Michael " +"Wirth](http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/micro2/content/education/wirth10.pdf)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:1 msgid "Open source software" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Logiciels open source" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:5 msgid "" "When it comes time to select a software program for your image analysis, " -"there are many options, some more general and others highly specialized " -"to specific image modalities or types of experiments. In general, a good " -"place to start exploring is by examining papers in your field and seeing " -"what others have used to analyze similar experiments to your own. It’s " -"important to note that there isn’t one correct answer to \"Which program " -"should I use?\" Depending on your biological question, your images, and " -"your own comfort with coding, there are many options available." -msgstr "" +"there are many options, some more general and others highly specialized to " +"specific image modalities or types of experiments. In general, a good place " +"to start exploring is by examining papers in your field and seeing what " +"others have used to analyze similar experiments to your own. It’s important " +"to note that there isn’t one correct answer to \"Which program should I " +"use?\" Depending on your biological question, your images, and your own " +"comfort with coding, there are many options available." +msgstr "" +"Lorsque vient le temps de sélectionner un logiciel pour votre analyse " +"d'image, il existe de nombreuses options, certaines plus générales et " +"d'autres hautement spécialisées pour des modalités d'image ou des types " +"d'expériences spécifiques. En général, un bon endroit pour commencer à " +"explorer est d'examiner des articles dans votre domaine et de voir ce que " +"d'autres ont utilisé pour analyser des expériences similaires aux vôtres. Il" +" est important de noter qu'il n'y a pas une seule réponse correcte à \"Quel " +"programme dois-je utiliser ?\" En fonction de votre question biologique, de " +"vos images et de votre propre confort avec le codage, de nombreuses options " +"sont disponibles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:7 msgid "" "Below, we summarize the use-cases and limitations of some of the most " -"common, free and open-source software for image analysis, this is a small" -" list and more extensive ones exist like the [A Hitchhiker's guide " -"through the bio-image analysis software " +"common, free and open-source software for image analysis, this is a small " +"list and more extensive ones exist like the [A Hitchhiker's guide through " +"the bio-image analysis software " "universe](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" -" {cite}`Haase2022-ad` and the [BioImage Informatics " -"Index](https://biii.eu) {cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`." +" {cite}`Haase2022-ad` and the [BioImage Informatics Index](https://biii.eu) " +"{cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`." msgstr "" +"Ci-dessous, nous résumons les cas d'utilisation et les limites de certains " +"des logiciels les plus courants, gratuits et open-source pour l'analyse " +"d'images, il s'agit d'une petite liste et des plus complètes existent comme " +"le [A Hitchhiker's guide through the bio-image analysis software universel] " +"(https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451) " +"{cite}`Haase2022-ad` et [l'index informatique BioImage](https://biii.eu) " +"{cite}`Paul -Gilloteaux2021-vw`." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:9 msgid "" -"Whatever software you choose, be sure to include a detailed description " -"of your analysis in your methods, with pipeline or workflow files if " -"possible, so others can reproduce your work. Also be sure to cite the " -"analysis software you use! This helps developers of the software get " -"grant funding and helps others find useful tools." +"Whatever software you choose, be sure to include a detailed description of " +"your analysis in your methods, with pipeline or workflow files if possible, " +"so others can reproduce your work. Also be sure to cite the analysis " +"software you use! This helps developers of the software get grant funding " +"and helps others find useful tools." msgstr "" +"Quel que soit le logiciel que vous choisissez, assurez-vous d'inclure une " +"description détaillée de votre analyse dans vos méthodes, avec des fichiers " +"de pipeline ou de flux de travail si possible, afin que d'autres puissent " +"reproduire votre travail. Veillez également à citer le logiciel d'analyse " +"que vous utilisez ! Cela aide les développeurs du logiciel à obtenir des " +"subventions et aide les autres à trouver des outils utiles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:17 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:26 @@ -1214,110 +1699,149 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:80 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:89 msgid "card-img-top" -msgstr "" +msgstr "carte-img-top" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "ImageJ" -msgstr "" +msgstr "ImageJ" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:21 msgid "" "[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) is an imaging processing program that is " -"capable of operating on a variety of images including multichannel, 3D " -"and time series. It provides basic imaging processing operations and has " -"a variety of plugins for more complex tasks. [Read " -"more...](content/imagej)" +"capable of operating on a variety of images including multichannel, 3D and " +"time series. It provides basic imaging processing operations and has a " +"variety of plugins for more complex tasks. [Read more...](content/imagej)" msgstr "" +"[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) est un programme de traitement d'images " +"capable de fonctionner sur une variété d'images, y compris multicanaux, 3D " +"et séries chronologiques. Il fournit des opérations de traitement d'image de" +" base et dispose d'une variété de plug-ins pour des tâches plus complexes. " +"[Lire la suite...](contenu/imagej)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "CellProfiler" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Cell Profiler" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:30 msgid "" -"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) was designed with the idea of " -"an image analysis pipeline in mind; it allows you to take a series of " -"interoperable modules to design your own custom analysis pipeline that " -"can be applied to one or thousands of images, making it suitable for high" -" throughput image analysis. [Read more...](content/cellprofiler)" +"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) was designed with the idea of an " +"image analysis pipeline in mind; it allows you to take a series of " +"interoperable modules to design your own custom analysis pipeline that can " +"be applied to one or thousands of images, making it suitable for high " +"throughput image analysis. [Read more...](content/cellprofiler)" msgstr "" +"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) a été conçu avec l'idée d'un " +"pipeline d'analyse d'images à l'esprit ; il vous permet de prendre une série" +" de modules interopérables pour concevoir votre propre pipeline d'analyse " +"personnalisé qui peut être appliqué à une ou des milliers d'images, ce qui " +"le rend adapté à l'analyse d'images à haut débit. [Lire la " +"suite...](content/cellprofiler)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "QuPath" -msgstr "" +msgstr "QuPath" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:39 msgid "" "[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) offers a wide set of image analysis " -"tools that can be applied to whole slide images like pathology images, " -"but it can be used with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel " +"tools that can be applied to whole slide images like pathology images, but " +"it can be used with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel " "classification tools and can integrate with ImageJ. [Read " "more...](content/qupath)" msgstr "" +"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) offre un large éventail d'outils " +"d'analyse d'images qui peuvent être appliqués à des images de diapositives " +"entières comme des images de pathologie, mais il peut également être utilisé" +" avec d'autres images. QuPath contient également des outils de " +"classification de pixels et peut s'intégrer à ImageJ. [Lire la " +"suite...](contenu/qupath)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "Icy" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Glacé" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:48 msgid "" -"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) is an out of the box image " -"analysis tools, it utilizes plugins to create visual image analysis " -"protocols that can be shared with other users. [Read " -"more...](content/icy)" +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) is an out of the box image analysis" +" tools, it utilizes plugins to create visual image analysis protocols that " +"can be shared with other users. [Read more...](content/icy)" msgstr "" +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) est un outil d'analyse d'images " +"prêt à l'emploi, il utilise des plugins pour créer des protocoles d'analyse " +"d'images visuelles qui peuvent être partagés avec d'autres utilisateurs. " +"[Lire la suite...](contenu/glacé)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "MIB" -msgstr "" +msgstr "MIB" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:57 msgid "" "[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) is a user-friendly software for " "image analysis of multidimensional datasets for both light and electron " -"microscopy. It allows you to use the whole acquired data for its analysis" -" and extraction of morphological features. [Read more...](content/mib)" +"microscopy. It allows you to use the whole acquired data for its analysis " +"and extraction of morphological features. [Read more...](content/mib)" msgstr "" +"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) est un logiciel convivial pour " +"l'analyse d'images d'ensembles de données multidimensionnelles pour la " +"microscopie optique et électronique. Il vous permet d'utiliser l'ensemble " +"des données acquises pour son analyse et l'extraction de caractéristiques " +"morphologiques. [Lire la suite...](contenu/mib)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "napari" -msgstr "" +msgstr "napari" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:66 msgid "" "[napari](https://napari.org/) is being developed as a multi-dimensional " -"image viewer that can be expanded via a variety of plugins to perform " -"basic and complex image analysis tasks. [Read more...](content/napari)" +"image viewer that can be expanded via a variety of plugins to perform basic " +"and complex image analysis tasks. [Read more...](content/napari)" msgstr "" +"[napari](https://napari.org/) est en cours de développement en tant que " +"visualiseur d'images multidimensionnel qui peut être étendu via une variété " +"de plug-ins pour effectuer des tâches d'analyse d'images de base et " +"complexes. [Lire la suite...](contenu/napari)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "Cellpose" -msgstr "" +msgstr "pose de cellule" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:75 msgid "" -"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) is a {term}`segmentation` " -"algorithm, it provides a graphical user interface that allows users to " -"use trained models or train their own using their images and annotations." -" [Read more...](content/cellpose)" +"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) is a {term}`segmentation` algorithm, " +"it provides a graphical user interface that allows users to use trained " +"models or train their own using their images and annotations. [Read " +"more...](content/cellpose)" msgstr "" +"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) est un algorithme de \"segmentation\" " +"{term}, il fournit une interface utilisateur graphique qui permet aux " +"utilisateurs d'utiliser des modèles formés ou de former les leurs en " +"utilisant leurs images et leurs annotations. [Lire la " +"suite...](content/cellpose)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "ilastik" -msgstr "" +msgstr "ilastik" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:84 msgid "" "[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) is a tool for interactive image " "classification, {term}`segmentation` and analysis. It leverages machine-" -"learning algorithms to perform pixel and object-level classification. " -"Using it requires no experience in {term}`image processing`. [Read " +"learning algorithms to perform pixel and object-level classification. Using " +"it requires no experience in {term}`image processing`. [Read " "more...](content/ilastik)" msgstr "" +"[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) est un outil interactif de " +"classification, de segmentation et d'analyse d'images. Il exploite des " +"algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique pour effectuer une classification au" +" niveau des pixels et des objets. Son utilisation ne nécessite aucune " +"expérience en {term}`traitement d'image`. [Lire la " +"suite...](contenu/ilastik)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "Piximi" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Piximi" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:93 msgid "" @@ -1325,64 +1849,86 @@ msgid "" "classification that runs entirely from your browser and requires no " "installation and minimal setup. [Read more...](content/piximi)" msgstr "" +"[Piximi](https://www.piximi.app/) est une application d'annotation et de " +"classification qui s'exécute entièrement depuis votre navigateur et ne " +"nécessite aucune installation ni configuration minimale. [Lire la " +"suite...](content/piximi)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:1 msgid "Specific Use Software" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Logiciel à usage spécifique" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:3 msgid "" -"Tools on this page tend to be extremely good at certain tasks, but are " -"less intended for a wide range of use cases. For tools with broader areas" -" of focus, see the [General Use Software](./GeneralUseSoftware.md) page." +"Tools on this page tend to be extremely good at certain tasks, but are less " +"intended for a wide range of use cases. For tools with broader areas of " +"focus, see the [General Use Software](./GeneralUseSoftware.md) page." msgstr "" +"Les outils de cette page ont tendance à être extrêmement bons pour certaines" +" tâches, mais sont moins destinés à un large éventail de cas d'utilisation. " +"Pour les outils avec des domaines d'intérêt plus larges, consultez la page " +"[Logiciels à usage général](./GeneralUseSoftware.md)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:6 msgid "" -" Cellpose" +"\"logo\" Cellpose" msgstr "" +" Pose de cellule" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:8 msgid "" "[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) {cite}`Stringer2021-uq` is a " -"{term}`segmentation` algorithm, it provides a graphical user interface " -"that allows users to use trained models or train their own using their " -"images and annotations." +"{term}`segmentation` algorithm, it provides a graphical user interface that " +"allows users to use trained models or train their own using their images and" +" annotations." msgstr "" +"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) {cite}`Stringer2021-uq` est un " +"algorithme de segmentation {term}, il fournit une interface utilisateur " +"graphique qui permet aux utilisateurs d'utiliser des modèles formés ou de " +"former les leurs en utilisant leur images et annotations." -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:0 msgid "What type of image analysis problem is it best at?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "À quel type de problème d'analyse d'image convient-il le mieux ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:13 msgid "" "Object {term}`segmentation`, most trained models are for cell " -"{term}`segmentation` but could be applied to segment other similar " -"objects" +"{term}`segmentation` but could be applied to segment other similar objects" msgstr "" +"Objet {term}`segmentation`, la plupart des modèles formés sont pour la " +"cellule {term}`segmentation` mais pourraient être appliqués pour segmenter " +"d'autres objets similaires" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:20 msgid "Its use requires some computational knowledge." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Son utilisation nécessite des connaissances informatiques." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:21 msgid "" -"Training a new model requires manual annotation correction that can be " -"time consuming, but is likely less time consuming than other methods of " -"training models." +"Training a new model requires manual annotation correction that can be time " +"consuming, but is likely less time consuming than other methods of training " +"models." msgstr "" +"La formation d'un nouveau modèle nécessite une correction manuelle des " +"annotations qui peut prendre du temps, mais qui prend probablement moins de " +"temps que d'autres méthodes de formation de modèles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:28 msgid "" "🌐 [Installation " "instructions](https://cellpose.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Instructions d'installation] " +"(https://cellpose.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:29 msgid "🎥 [How to use tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qANHWoubZU)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Tutoriel d'utilisation] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qANHWoubZU)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:33 msgid "" @@ -1390,15 +1936,22 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/original/3X/9/f/9f5be5e138c63bc6a50be0bb0027b8eef0194935.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> ilastik" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" ilastik" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:35 msgid "" "[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) {cite}`Berg2019-no` is a tool for " "interactive image classification, {term}`segmentation` and analysis. It " "leverages machine-learning algorithms to perform pixel and object-level " -"classification. Using it requires no experience in {term}`image " -"processing`." +"classification. Using it requires no experience in {term}`image processing`." msgstr "" +"[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) {cite}`Berg2019-no` est un outil de " +"classification interactive d'images, {term}`segmentation` et d'analyse. Il " +"exploite des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique pour effectuer une " +"classification au niveau des pixels et des objets. Son utilisation ne " +"nécessite aucune expérience en {term}`traitement d'image`." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:40 msgid "" @@ -1407,32 +1960,44 @@ msgid "" "tracking, though with somewhat fewer tunable parameters than some other " "tools offer." msgstr "" +"Il peut être utilisé à la fois pour l'instance {term}`segmentation` et pour " +"la sémantique {term}`segmentation`. Il effectue également une " +"\"segmentation\" et un suivi, mais avec un peu moins de paramètres réglables" +" que certains autres outils." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:47 msgid "" -"Sometimes loading or exporting images can require a bit of " -"troubleshooting to get the dimensions correct." +"Sometimes loading or exporting images can require a bit of troubleshooting " +"to get the dimensions correct." msgstr "" +"Parfois, le chargement ou l'exportation d'images peut nécessiter un peu de " +"dépannage pour obtenir les dimensions correctes." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:48 msgid "" -"ilastik is limited by your computer’s RAM so training a model with lots " -"of features or working with very large images is likely to slow you down." +"ilastik is limited by your computer’s RAM so training a model with lots of " +"features or working with very large images is likely to slow you down." msgstr "" +"ilastik est limité par la RAM de votre ordinateur, donc l'entraînement d'un " +"modèle avec de nombreuses fonctionnalités ou le travail avec de très grandes" +" images risque de vous ralentir." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:53 msgid "To download ilastik:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger ilastik :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:57 msgid "🌐 [ilastik download ](https://www.ilastik.org/download.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [téléchargement ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/download.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:63 msgid "" "🌐 [User guide](https://www.ilastik.org/documentation/index.html#user-" "documentation)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Guide " +"d'utilisation](https://www.ilastik.org/documentation/index.html#user-" +"documentation)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:67 msgid "" @@ -1440,6 +2005,9 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/original/3X/3/f/3fe4d974194caabdb61a5574e24402db8484ab9b.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> Piximi" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" Piximi" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:70 msgid "" @@ -1447,134 +2015,192 @@ msgid "" "classification that runs entirely from your browser and requires no " "installation and minimal setup." msgstr "" +"[Piximi](https://www.piximi.app/) est une application d'annotation et de " +"classification qui s'exécute entièrement depuis votre navigateur et ne " +"nécessite aucune installation ni configuration minimale." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:75 msgid "Piximi can do image classification using machine learning" msgstr "" +"Piximi peut effectuer une classification d'images à l'aide de " +"l'apprentissage automatique" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:82 msgid "" -"It is still in the developing phases and some of its proposed features " -"are not available yet" +"It is still in the developing phases and some of its proposed features are " +"not available yet" msgstr "" +"Il est encore en phase de développement et certaines de ses fonctionnalités " +"proposées ne sont pas encore disponibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:89 msgid "🌐 [Piximi website ](https://www.piximi.app/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Site Piximi ](https://www.piximi.app/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:90 msgid "🌐 [Piximi user guide ](https://documentation.piximi.app/intro.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Guide d'utilisation Piximi](https://documentation.piximi.app/intro.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:1 msgid "Object tracking" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Suivi d'objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:3 msgid "What is tracking?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que le suivi ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:4 msgid "" "Tracking, or _object tracking_, refers to the ability to estimate the " "location of objects in motion from one frame of video to the next. " -"Practically, object tracking in microscopy involves identifying your " -"objects in each frame of your video, then relating objects from frame to " -"frame to be able to identify the same cell as it moves in space." +"Practically, object tracking in microscopy involves identifying your objects" +" in each frame of your video, then relating objects from frame to frame to " +"be able to identify the same cell as it moves in space." msgstr "" +"Le suivi, ou _suivi d'objets_, fait référence à la capacité d'estimer " +"l'emplacement d'objets en mouvement d'une image vidéo à la suivante. " +"Pratiquement, le suivi d'objets en microscopie consiste à identifier vos " +"objets dans chaque image de votre vidéo, puis à relier les objets d'une " +"image à l'autre pour pouvoir identifier la même cellule lorsqu'elle se " +"déplace dans l'espace." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:10 msgid "" "There are several options for tracking objects, like the " -"[TrackMate](https://imagej.net/plugins/trackmate/) {cite}`Tinevez2017-fb`" -" plugin in Fiji, but tracking is somewhat more complex to setup than the " -"previous analyses. In addition to just identifying objects in the " -"movie/time series, tracking also allows you to identify splitting (e.g. " -"mitosis) and merging events. There are many measurements that come out of" -" tracking, including spatial measures like where the objects move to, " -"speed measurements, distance traveled (length of track), and rate of " -"splitting events (e.g., mitotic events) and merging events." -msgstr "" +"[TrackMate](https://imagej.net/plugins/trackmate/) {cite}`Tinevez2017-fb` " +"plugin in Fiji, but tracking is somewhat more complex to setup than the " +"previous analyses. In addition to just identifying objects in the movie/time" +" series, tracking also allows you to identify splitting (e.g. mitosis) and " +"merging events. There are many measurements that come out of tracking, " +"including spatial measures like where the objects move to, speed " +"measurements, distance traveled (length of track), and rate of splitting " +"events (e.g., mitotic events) and merging events." +msgstr "" +"Il existe plusieurs options pour le suivi des objets, comme le plug-in " +"[TrackMate](https://imagej.net/plugins/trackmate/) {cite}`Tinevez2017-fb` " +"aux Fidji, mais le suivi est un peu plus complexe à configurer que les " +"analyses précédentes. En plus d'identifier simplement les objets dans le " +"film/la série chronologique, le suivi vous permet également d'identifier les" +" événements de fractionnement (par exemple, la mitose) et de fusion. De " +"nombreuses mesures découlent du suivi, y compris des mesures spatiales " +"telles que l'endroit où les objets se déplacent, les mesures de vitesse, la " +"distance parcourue (longueur de la piste) et le taux d'événements de " +"fractionnement (par exemple, les événements mitotiques) et les événements de" +" fusion." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:15 msgid "" "**Poor {term}`segmentation`** If objects are dropping out from frame to " "frame, this makes it more difficult to track them over time. Accurate " -"{term}`segmentation` is the foundation of good tracking results. This can" -" become more difficult if your objects are also changing in shape or " -"intensity (due to things such as bleaching) over the course of the video." -" It’s important to find a {term}`segmentation` strategy that can work " -"well across your frames." -msgstr "" +"{term}`segmentation` is the foundation of good tracking results. This can " +"become more difficult if your objects are also changing in shape or " +"intensity (due to things such as bleaching) over the course of the video. " +"It’s important to find a {term}`segmentation` strategy that can work well " +"across your frames." +msgstr "" +"**Mauvaise {term}`segmentation`** Si les objets tombent d'une image à " +"l'autre, cela rend plus difficile leur suivi dans le temps. Une " +"\"segmentation\" précise {term} est la base de bons résultats de suivi. Cela" +" peut devenir plus difficile si vos objets changent également de forme ou " +"d'intensité (en raison de facteurs tels que le blanchiment) au cours de la " +"vidéo. Il est important de trouver une stratégie de \"segmentation\" {term} " +"qui peut bien fonctionner sur toutes vos images." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:16 msgid "" -"**Inadequate frame rate** If objects are highly dynamic but the images " -"were not taken at a high frequency, tracking can be difficult because " -"objects might have moved too much for the algorithm to relate them from " -"one frame to the next. It is important to match the image acquisition " -"frequency to how dynamic your cells or objects are." +"**Inadequate frame rate** If objects are highly dynamic but the images were " +"not taken at a high frequency, tracking can be difficult because objects " +"might have moved too much for the algorithm to relate them from one frame to" +" the next. It is important to match the image acquisition frequency to how " +"dynamic your cells or objects are." msgstr "" +"** Fréquence d'images inadéquate ** Si les objets sont très dynamiques mais " +"que les images n'ont pas été prises à une fréquence élevée, le suivi peut " +"être difficile car les objets peuvent avoir trop bougé pour que l'algorithme" +" puisse les relier d'une image à l'autre. Il est important de faire " +"correspondre la fréquence d'acquisition des images à la dynamique de vos " +"cellules ou objets." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:22 msgid "" "📄 [Computerized Cell " "Tracking](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468502X20300711)" msgstr "" +"📄 [Suivi informatisé des " +"cellules](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468502X20300711)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:23 msgid "" -"🌐 [TrackMate Manual](https://imagej.net/media/plugins/trackmate" -"/trackmate-manual.pdf)" +"🌐 [TrackMate Manual](https://imagej.net/media/plugins/trackmate/trackmate-" +"manual.pdf)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Manuel TrackMate](https://imagej.net/media/plugins/trackmate/trackmate-" +"manual.pdf)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:1 msgid "Common pitfalls" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pièges courants" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:3 msgid "" -"In addition to the mistakes we summarize for common image analysis tasks," -" here we present a general list of common mistakes for beginners to image" -" analysis. For each, we explain why this is a problem and make " -"suggestions for how to avoid these issues." +"In addition to the mistakes we summarize for common image analysis tasks, " +"here we present a general list of common mistakes for beginners to image " +"analysis. For each, we explain why this is a problem and make suggestions " +"for how to avoid these issues." msgstr "" +"En plus des erreurs que nous résumons pour les tâches courantes d'analyse " +"d'images, nous présentons ici une liste générale des erreurs courantes pour " +"les débutants en analyse d'images. Pour chacun, nous expliquons pourquoi il " +"s'agit d'un problème et faisons des suggestions pour éviter ces problèmes." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:5 msgid "Changing your image bit depth" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Modification de la profondeur de bit de votre image" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:7 msgid "" -"Let's say you've opened your image in {term}`Fiji` and you want to " -"process it in some way (e.g., maximum intensity projection, splitting " -"channels, etc.) before saving it out to measure somewhere else. You go to" -" `Image` > `Type` > `RGB (Color)` since you want a color image to import " -"into your next analysis software and then save the resulting image. " -"What's the problem with this? By making this change, even if the image " -"looks exactly the same to your eyes, you've actually inadvertently " -"changed the intensity values quite a bit! Let's take a look at an " -"example. In Fiji there are several built-in example images. Let's open " -"neuron.tif (you can follow along by going to `File` > `Open Samples...` >" -" `Neuron (5 channels)`." -msgstr "" +"Let's say you've opened your image in {term}`Fiji` and you want to process " +"it in some way (e.g., maximum intensity projection, splitting channels, " +"etc.) before saving it out to measure somewhere else. You go to `Image` > " +"`Type` > `RGB (Color)` since you want a color image to import into your next" +" analysis software and then save the resulting image. What's the problem " +"with this? By making this change, even if the image looks exactly the same " +"to your eyes, you've actually inadvertently changed the intensity values " +"quite a bit! Let's take a look at an example. In Fiji there are several " +"built-in example images. Let's open neuron.tif (you can follow along by " +"going to `File` > `Open Samples...` > `Neuron (5 channels)`." +msgstr "" +"Supposons que vous avez ouvert votre image dans {term}`Fiji` et que vous " +"souhaitez la traiter d'une manière ou d'une autre (par exemple, projection " +"d'intensité maximale, séparation des canaux, etc.) avant de l'enregistrer " +"pour la mesurer ailleurs. Vous allez dans `Image` > `Type` > `RGB (Couleur)`" +" car vous souhaitez importer une image couleur dans votre prochain logiciel " +"d'analyse, puis enregistrez l'image résultante. Quel est le problème avec ça" +" ? En effectuant ce changement, même si l'image est exactement la même à vos" +" yeux, vous avez en fait modifié un peu les valeurs d'intensité par " +"inadvertance ! Prenons un exemple. Aux Fidji, il existe plusieurs exemples " +"d'images intégrés. Ouvrons neuron.tif (vous pouvez suivre en allant dans " +"`File` > `Open Samples...` > `Neuron (5 channels)`." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:9 msgid "" -"Here's how the image opens. There are 5 channels, but let's just look at " -"the first one: ![image](https://user-" +"Here's how the image opens. There are 5 channels, but let's just look at the" +" first one: ![image](https://user-" "images.githubusercontent.com/28116530/206793825-364998d4-6043-4b1d-8438-0a5b37b97232.png)" msgstr "" +"Voici comment l'image s'ouvre. Il y a 5 chaînes, mais regardons juste la " +"première : ![image](https://user-" +"images.githubusercontent.com/28116530/206793825-364998d4-6043-4b1d-8438-0a5b37b97232.png)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:9 msgid "image" -msgstr "" +msgstr "image" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_processing.md:1 msgid "Image Processing" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Traitement d'image" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_segmentation.md:1 msgid "Image Segmentation" -msgstr "" - +msgstr "Segmentation des images" From 2b85c8816494ef7bf9182fd70d801a51d9605fa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:37:52 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 03/76] Translate 02_Sample_acquisition.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '02_Sample_acquisition.pot' on 'fr'. --- .../fr/LC_MESSAGES/02_Sample_acquisition.po | 508 ++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 340 insertions(+), 168 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/02_Sample_acquisition.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/02_Sample_acquisition.po index 8a32aabb6..12628ab9b 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/02_Sample_acquisition.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/02_Sample_acquisition.po @@ -1,154 +1,234 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-05-02 14:28-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:1 #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Picking.md:3 #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/_notinyet_Setting_up.md:3 msgid "Introduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Introduction" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:3 msgid "" "Microscopes are optical instruments, and as such, they are composed of " -"different optical components and devices. As a beginner, it is important " -"to recognize the experimental parameters that can affect the quality and " -"rigor of the imaging data, and by extension, its interpretation." +"different optical components and devices. As a beginner, it is important to " +"recognize the experimental parameters that can affect the quality and rigor " +"of the imaging data, and by extension, its interpretation." msgstr "" +"Les microscopes sont des instruments optiques et, en tant que tels, ils sont" +" composés de différents composants et dispositifs optiques. En tant que " +"débutant, il est important de reconnaître les paramètres expérimentaux qui " +"peuvent affecter la qualité et la rigueur des données d'imagerie, et par " +"extension, son interprétation." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:5 msgid "" -"A foundational concept is the “light path,” which can be used to trace " -"out light’s trajectory from the light source to the detector. When " -"working with microscopes, whether it is a cell culture microscope or a " -"cutting-edge superresolution system, it is important to take the time to " -"trace out the different light paths in the system. By approaching the " -"system as a sum of its parts means that optimizing and troubleshooting " -"become systematic processes compared to when the system is treated as a " -"black box. This [interactive tutorial at " -"MicroscopyU](https://www.microscopyu.com/tutorials/tepaths) shows the " -"light paths in a standard inverted microscope; [this " -"view](https://www.microscopyu.com/microscopy-basics/components) gives " -"more detail about the various parts." -msgstr "" +"A foundational concept is the “light path,” which can be used to trace out " +"light’s trajectory from the light source to the detector. When working with " +"microscopes, whether it is a cell culture microscope or a cutting-edge " +"superresolution system, it is important to take the time to trace out the " +"different light paths in the system. By approaching the system as a sum of " +"its parts means that optimizing and troubleshooting become systematic " +"processes compared to when the system is treated as a black box. This " +"[interactive tutorial at " +"MicroscopyU](https://www.microscopyu.com/tutorials/tepaths) shows the light " +"paths in a standard inverted microscope; [this " +"view](https://www.microscopyu.com/microscopy-basics/components) gives more " +"detail about the various parts." +msgstr "" +"Un concept fondamental est le \"chemin lumineux\", qui peut être utilisé " +"pour tracer la trajectoire de la lumière de la source lumineuse au " +"détecteur. Lorsque vous travaillez avec des microscopes, qu'il s'agisse d'un" +" microscope de culture cellulaire ou d'un système de superrésolution de " +"pointe, il est important de prendre le temps de tracer les différents " +"trajets lumineux dans le système. En abordant le système comme une somme de " +"ses parties, l'optimisation et le dépannage deviennent des processus " +"systématiques par rapport au moment où le système est traité comme une boîte" +" noire. Ce [tutoriel interactif chez " +"MicroscopyU](https://www.microscopyu.com/tutorials/tepaths) montre les " +"trajets lumineux dans un microscope inversé standard ; [cette " +"vue](https://www.microscopyu.com/microscopy-basics/components) donne plus de" +" détails sur les différentes parties." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:7 msgid "Types of microscopes" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Types de microscopes" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:9 msgid "" -"While far from a comprehensive list of what is available, a few of the " -"most common types of microscopes are listed below." +"While far from a comprehensive list of what is available, a few of the most " +"common types of microscopes are listed below." msgstr "" +"Bien que loin d'être une liste complète de ce qui est disponible, quelques-" +"uns des types de microscopes les plus courants sont énumérés ci-dessous." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:10 msgid "" -"**Widefield**, sometimes called _epifluorescence_, microscopes that take " -"in all the light available to them in a single light path; this approach " +"**Widefield**, sometimes called _epifluorescence_, microscopes that take in " +"all the light available to them in a single light path; this approach " "requires the least complex hardware, and also is often advantageous when " "imaging dim samples. {term}`Deconvolution` is sometimes performed after " "imaging on a widefield microscope to remove blur." msgstr "" +"**Widefield**, parfois appelés _épifluorescence_, des microscopes qui " +"captent toute la lumière dont ils disposent dans un seul trajet lumineux ; " +"cette approche nécessite le matériel le moins complexe et est également " +"souvent avantageuse lors de l'imagerie d'échantillons sombres. " +"{term}`Deconvolution` est parfois effectuée après l'imagerie sur un " +"microscope à champ large pour éliminer le flou." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:11 msgid "" -"**Confocal** - microscopes that remove out-of-focus light in the light " -"path, typically using one or many pinholes to physically block this " -"light. Several variants of confocal microscopy exist; spinning-disk " -"confocal microscopes are often preferred for live-cell imaging " -"applications as they tend to minimize toxicity to the sample." +"**Confocal** - microscopes that remove out-of-focus light in the light path," +" typically using one or many pinholes to physically block this light. " +"Several variants of confocal microscopy exist; spinning-disk confocal " +"microscopes are often preferred for live-cell imaging applications as they " +"tend to minimize toxicity to the sample." msgstr "" +"**Confocal** : microscopes qui éliminent la lumière floue dans le trajet de " +"la lumière, en utilisant généralement un ou plusieurs trous d'épingle pour " +"bloquer physiquement cette lumière. Plusieurs variantes de microscopie " +"confocale existent ; les microscopes confocaux à disque tournant sont " +"souvent préférés pour les applications d'imagerie de cellules vivantes car " +"ils ont tendance à minimiser la toxicité pour l'échantillon." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:12 msgid "" "**Multiphoton** microscopes utilize multiple pulses of longer-wavelength " -"(lower energy) light to penetrate deep into tissue, since tissues are " -"less likely to scatter these wavelengths; once there, multiple low-" -"engergy photons hitting the fluorphore at the same time will use their " -"combined energy to activate a fluorophore that each photon alone would be" -" too weak to do. Because the benefit of these systems is in their deeper " -"penetration, they are often used for performing live-animal imaging." -msgstr "" +"(lower energy) light to penetrate deep into tissue, since tissues are less " +"likely to scatter these wavelengths; once there, multiple low-engergy " +"photons hitting the fluorphore at the same time will use their combined " +"energy to activate a fluorophore that each photon alone would be too weak to" +" do. Because the benefit of these systems is in their deeper penetration, " +"they are often used for performing live-animal imaging." +msgstr "" +"Les microscopes **multiphotoniques** utilisent plusieurs impulsions de " +"lumière de longueur d'onde plus longue (moins d'énergie) pour pénétrer " +"profondément dans les tissus, car les tissus sont moins susceptibles de " +"diffuser ces longueurs d'onde ; une fois là-bas, plusieurs photons à faible " +"énergie frappant le fluorophore en même temps utiliseront leur énergie " +"combinée pour activer un fluorophore que chaque photon seul serait trop " +"faible pour faire. Parce que l'avantage de ces systèmes réside dans leur " +"pénétration plus profonde, ils sont souvent utilisés pour effectuer " +"l'imagerie d'animaux vivants." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:13 msgid "" "**Superresolution** microscopes that are designed to allows the user to " -"bypass the minimum optical resolution limit (typically 200 nm, depending " -"on sample consideration) to resolve very small structures. Sometimes this" -" is achieved with specialized hardware (such as in STED and SIM) and " -"sometimes with specialized probes (such as in PALM and STORM)." +"bypass the minimum optical resolution limit (typically 200 nm, depending on " +"sample consideration) to resolve very small structures. Sometimes this is " +"achieved with specialized hardware (such as in STED and SIM) and sometimes " +"with specialized probes (such as in PALM and STORM)." msgstr "" +"Microscopes **superrésolution** conçus pour permettre à l'utilisateur de " +"contourner la limite de résolution optique minimale (généralement 200 nm, en" +" fonction de l'échantillon) pour résoudre de très petites structures. " +"Parfois, cela est réalisé avec du matériel spécialisé (comme dans STED et " +"SIM) et parfois avec des sondes spécialisées (comme dans PALM et STORM)." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:14 msgid "" -"**Light sheet** microscopes that illuminate the sample perpendicular to " -"the axis of imaging, often by a second, orthogonal set of objective " -"lenses. This allows for thin optical sectioning across large volumes, but" -" introduces more considerations around sample mounting. Many variations " -"on light sheet microscopes have emerged in recent years." +"**Light sheet** microscopes that illuminate the sample perpendicular to the " +"axis of imaging, often by a second, orthogonal set of objective lenses. This" +" allows for thin optical sectioning across large volumes, but introduces " +"more considerations around sample mounting. Many variations on light sheet " +"microscopes have emerged in recent years." msgstr "" +"**Microscopes à feuille de lumière** qui éclairent l'échantillon " +"perpendiculairement à l'axe d'imagerie, souvent par un deuxième ensemble " +"orthogonal de lentilles d'objectif. Cela permet une coupe optique fine sur " +"de grands volumes, mais introduit davantage de considérations concernant le " +"montage des échantillons. De nombreuses variations sur les microscopes à " +"feuille de lumière sont apparues ces dernières années." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Introduction.md:17 msgid "" "No matter which kind of microscope you use, scientific microscopes are " -"complex instruments with many working parts, all of which typically must " -"be in good working order and calibrated/aligned properly for quantitative" -" imaging to take place. The maintainer of your microscope will typically " -"ensure this, but speak with them regularly about questions you may have " -"and about how changes to the microscope configuration may affect your " -"ability to accurately make certain measurements. Your microscope " -"maintainer may be maintaining a large number of microscopes with a large " -"number of independent users, so if something looks \"off\", make sure to " -"talk with them before proceeding!" -msgstr "" +"complex instruments with many working parts, all of which typically must be " +"in good working order and calibrated/aligned properly for quantitative " +"imaging to take place. The maintainer of your microscope will typically " +"ensure this, but speak with them regularly about questions you may have and " +"about how changes to the microscope configuration may affect your ability to" +" accurately make certain measurements. Your microscope maintainer may be " +"maintaining a large number of microscopes with a large number of independent" +" users, so if something looks \"off\", make sure to talk with them before " +"proceeding!" +msgstr "" +"Quel que soit le type de microscope que vous utilisez, les microscopes " +"scientifiques sont des instruments complexes avec de nombreuses pièces de " +"travail, qui doivent généralement toutes être en bon état de fonctionnement " +"et calibrées/alignées correctement pour que l'imagerie quantitative ait " +"lieu. Le mainteneur de votre microscope s'en assurera généralement, mais " +"discutez régulièrement avec lui des questions que vous pourriez avoir et de " +"la manière dont les modifications apportées à la configuration du microscope" +" peuvent affecter votre capacité à effectuer certaines mesures avec " +"précision. Votre mainteneur de microscope peut entretenir un grand nombre de" +" microscopes avec un grand nombre d'utilisateurs indépendants, donc si " +"quelque chose semble \"anormal\", assurez-vous de parler avec eux avant de " +"continuer !" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Picking.md:1 msgid "Choosing the right microscopy modality" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Choisir la bonne modalité de microscopie" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Picking.md:5 msgid "" -"Choosing the right microscope for your experiment will be a factor both " -"of what the experiment dictates and what the researcher can access. The " -"image below (from [Fundamentals of Microscopy by Jermey " +"Choosing the right microscope for your experiment will be a factor both of " +"what the experiment dictates and what the researcher can access. The image " +"below (from [Fundamentals of Microscopy by Jermey " "Sanderson](http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpmo.76) {cite}`Sanderson2020-qz`) " -"gives a sense of the sorts of decisions one should consider when choosing" -" a microscope; a more thorough description of the pros and cons of " -"various kinds of microscopes can be found in [this " +"gives a sense of the sorts of decisions one should consider when choosing a " +"microscope; a more thorough description of the pros and cons of various " +"kinds of microscopes can be found in [this " "tutorial](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0313-9){cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`." msgstr "" +"Choisir le bon microscope pour votre expérience sera un facteur à la fois de" +" ce que l'expérience dicte et de ce à quoi le chercheur peut accéder. " +"L'image ci-dessous (extraite de [Fundamentals of Microscopy by Jermey " +"Sanderson](http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpmo.76) {cite}`Sanderson2020-qz`) " +"donne une idée des types de décisions à prendre en compte lors du choix un " +"microscope; une description plus détaillée des avantages et des " +"inconvénients des différents types de microscopes peut être trouvée dans [ce" +" tutoriel](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0313-9){cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Picking.md:14 msgid "BBBC image montage" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Montage d'images BBBC" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Picking.md:14 msgid "" "**Flow chart to help choose which type of microscope to use.** Figure by " -"Jeremy Sanderson. [Source](https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Flow-" -"chart-to-help-choose-which-type-of-microscope-to-use_fig5_341918746) " +"Jeremy Sanderson. [Source](https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Flow-chart-" +"to-help-choose-which-type-of-microscope-to-use_fig5_341918746) " "{cite}`Sanderson2020-qz`" msgstr "" +"**Organigramme pour vous aider à choisir le type de microscope à utiliser.**" +" Figure de Jeremy Sanderson. " +"[Source](https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Flow-chart-to-help-choose-" +"which-type-of-microscope-to-use_fig5_341918746) {cite}`Sanderson2020-qz`" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Picking.md:17 msgid "Opportunities for microscopy resource access" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Possibilités d'accès aux ressources de microscopie" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Picking.md:19 msgid "" @@ -156,282 +236,374 @@ msgid "" "institution, others allow outside visitors or even sponsor visitors to " "travel to them." msgstr "" +"Alors que certaines installations d'imagerie ne sont ouvertes qu'aux membres" +" d'une seule institution, d'autres permettent à des visiteurs extérieurs ou " +"même à des visiteurs parrainés de s'y rendre." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Picking.md:21 msgid "" -"**Advanced Imaging Center - Janelia Research Campus.** The AIC was " -"created to give access to the broad scientific community to new imaging " -"instruments that are not commercially available. Proposals can be " -"submitted during open calls at [their " -"website](https://www.aicjanelia.org/apply)." +"**Advanced Imaging Center - Janelia Research Campus.** The AIC was created " +"to give access to the broad scientific community to new imaging instruments " +"that are not commercially available. Proposals can be submitted during open " +"calls at [their website](https://www.aicjanelia.org/apply)." msgstr "" +"**Advanced Imaging Center - Janelia Research Campus.** L'AIC a été créé pour" +" donner accès à l'ensemble de la communauté scientifique à de nouveaux " +"instruments d'imagerie qui ne sont pas disponibles dans le commerce. Les " +"propositions peuvent être soumises lors d'appels ouverts sur [leur site Web]" +" (https://www.aicjanelia.org/apply)." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:1 msgid "Practical considerations" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Considérations pratiques" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:3 msgid "Objective selection" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Sélection objective" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:5 msgid "" -"Microscope objectives have a number of features that must be considered " -"when deciding which objective is right for your experiment" +"Microscope objectives have a number of features that must be considered when" +" deciding which objective is right for your experiment" msgstr "" +"Les objectifs de microscope ont un certain nombre de caractéristiques qui " +"doivent être prises en compte lors du choix de l'objectif qui convient à " +"votre expérience" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:7 msgid "" -"Magnification and resolution: the higher the numerical aperture (NA) of " -"the lens, the finer the resolution one can obtain in one's sample. The NA" -" is calculated as {math}`NA=RI * sin(θ)`, relating both to the " -"{term}`refractive index` of the sample, glass, and {term}`immersion " -"media` as well as the range of angles of emitted light that can be " -"collected into the lens. Unless special techniques are used, the typical " -"limit of resultion is calculated as {math}`d = λ / 2NA`, meaning the " -"resolution is set both by the NA of the lens but also by the wavelength " -"of light used for imaging." -msgstr "" +"Magnification and resolution: the higher the numerical aperture (NA) of the " +"lens, the finer the resolution one can obtain in one's sample. The NA is " +"calculated as {math}`NA=RI * sin(θ)`, relating both to the {term}`refractive" +" index` of the sample, glass, and {term}`immersion media` as well as the " +"range of angles of emitted light that can be collected into the lens. Unless" +" special techniques are used, the typical limit of resultion is calculated " +"as {math}`d = λ / 2NA`, meaning the resolution is set both by the NA of the " +"lens but also by the wavelength of light used for imaging." +msgstr "" +"Grossissement et résolution : plus l'ouverture numérique (NA) de l'objectif " +"est élevée, plus la résolution que l'on peut obtenir dans son échantillon " +"est fine. L'AN est calculé comme {math}`NA=RI * sin(θ)`, se rapportant à la " +"fois au {term}`indice de réfraction` de l'échantillon, du verre et du " +"{term}`support d'immersion` ainsi qu'à la plage d'angles de lumière émise " +"qui peut être collectée dans la lentille. À moins que des techniques " +"spéciales ne soient utilisées, la limite typique de résultat est calculée " +"comme {math}`d = λ / 2NA`, ce qui signifie que la résolution est définie à " +"la fois par la NA de la lentille mais également par la longueur d'onde de la" +" lumière utilisée pour l'imagerie." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:16 msgid "microtubules imaged at 488nm and 647nm" -msgstr "" +msgstr "microtubules imagés à 488 nm et 647 nm" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:16 msgid "" -"**Decreased resolution at longer wavelengths of light**. Microtubules " -"imaged at a shorter wavelength of light show higher resolution than those" -" imaged at longer wavelengths. Adapted from Jonkman J., Brown C.M., " -"Wright G.D _et al_. Tutorial: guidance for quantitative confocal " -"microscopy. _Nat Prot_ **15**, (2020) {cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" +"**Decreased resolution at longer wavelengths of light**. Microtubules imaged" +" at a shorter wavelength of light show higher resolution than those imaged " +"at longer wavelengths. Adapted from Jonkman J., Brown C.M., Wright G.D _et " +"al_. Tutorial: guidance for quantitative confocal microscopy. _Nat Prot_ " +"**15**, (2020) {cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" msgstr "" +"**Résolution réduite à des longueurs d'onde de lumière plus longues**. Les " +"microtubules imagés à une longueur d'onde de lumière plus courte présentent " +"une résolution plus élevée que ceux imagés à des longueurs d'onde plus " +"longues. Adapté de Jonkman J., Brown C.M., Wright G.D _et al_. Tutoriel : " +"conseils pour la microscopie confocale quantitative. _Nat Prot_ **15**, " +"(2020) {cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:19 msgid "" -"Color correction: When performing multicolor microscopy, it is important " -"to choose an objective lens that is labeled as `Apo` or `Super Apo`, as " -"such lenses are corrected to focus 3 to 6 colors in the same plane at the" -" same time. `Fluor` lenses will typically focus two colors at once." +"Color correction: When performing multicolor microscopy, it is important to " +"choose an objective lens that is labeled as `Apo` or `Super Apo`, as such " +"lenses are corrected to focus 3 to 6 colors in the same plane at the same " +"time. `Fluor` lenses will typically focus two colors at once." msgstr "" +"Correction des couleurs : lors de la microscopie multicolore, il est " +"important de choisir une lentille d'objectif étiquetée \"Apo\" ou \"Super " +"Apo\", car ces lentilles sont corrigées pour focaliser 3 à 6 couleurs dans " +"le même plan en même temps. Les lentilles `Fluor` focaliseront généralement " +"deux couleurs à la fois." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:20 msgid "" "Working distance: The working distance (WD) gives the distance in " -"millimeters that the lens can focus into the sample. This distance " -"includes the coverslip and mounting media as well. If imaging a thick " -"sample, and/or if needing to image away from the surface of the sample, " -"it is important to ensure the lens has a sufficient working distance." -msgstr "" +"millimeters that the lens can focus into the sample. This distance includes " +"the coverslip and mounting media as well. If imaging a thick sample, and/or " +"if needing to image away from the surface of the sample, it is important to " +"ensure the lens has a sufficient working distance." +msgstr "" +"Distance de travail : La distance de travail (WD) donne la distance en " +"millimètres que la lentille peut focaliser dans l'échantillon. Cette " +"distance comprend également la lamelle et le support de montage. En cas " +"d'imagerie d'un échantillon épais et/ou si une image doit être éloignée de " +"la surface de l'échantillon, il est important de s'assurer que la lentille a" +" une distance de travail suffisante." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:22 msgid "Filter sets" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Ensembles de filtres" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:24 msgid "" -"It is important to make sure that the microscope that you want to image " -"on has the correct filter sets for the fluorphores you wish to use. See " -"the [section on bleedthrough](content/bleedthrough) for more information." +"It is important to make sure that the microscope that you want to image on " +"has the correct filter sets for the fluorphores you wish to use. See the " +"[section on bleedthrough](content/bleedthrough) for more information." msgstr "" +"Il est important de s'assurer que le microscope sur lequel vous souhaitez " +"imager dispose des jeux de filtres corrects pour les fluorophores que vous " +"souhaitez utiliser. Voir la [section sur le débordement](contenu/transfert) " +"pour plus d'informations." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:26 msgid "Z sampling" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Échantillonnage Z" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:28 msgid "" -"If you wish to capture multiple z sections, the spacing of these setions " -"is important if you wish to be able to perform an accurate 3D " -"reconstruction. SVI has a [fuller mathematical explanation of " +"If you wish to capture multiple z sections, the spacing of these setions is " +"important if you wish to be able to perform an accurate 3D reconstruction. " +"SVI has a [fuller mathematical explanation of " "this](https://svi.nl/NyquistRate),as well as an easy-to-use [online " -"calculator](https://svi.nl/NyquistCalculator) that you can use to " -"calculate the optimal z section spacing for your imaging conditions." +"calculator](https://svi.nl/NyquistCalculator) that you can use to calculate " +"the optimal z section spacing for your imaging conditions." msgstr "" +"Si vous souhaitez capturer plusieurs sections z, l'espacement de ces " +"sections est important si vous souhaitez pouvoir effectuer une " +"reconstruction 3D précise. SVI a une [explication mathématique plus " +"complète](https://svi.nl/NyquistRate),ainsi qu'une [calculatrice en " +"ligne](https://svi.nl/NyquistCalculator) facile à utiliser que vous pouvez " +"utiliser pour calculer l'espacement de section z optimal pour vos conditions" +" d'imagerie." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:30 msgid "Acquisition power/speed" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Puissance/vitesse d'acquisition" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Practical_considerations.md:32 msgid "" -"The amount of signal captured from any fluorophore will be related not " -"just to the intrinsic brightness of the fluorophore, but also the amount " -"of excitation light it is exposed to (due to duration, power, or both) as" -" well as amount of time and signal multiplication that happens at the " -"detector (typically a camera or a photomultiplier tube (PMT)). An optimal" -" experiment is typically one that minimizes the amount of light hitting " -"the sample (to reduce photobleaching and/or phototoxicity) while " -"acheiving adequate fluorescent signal and in minimal time on the " -"equipment. How exactly to balance these competing factors will depend on " -"the exact biology being studied and the researcher's constraints." -msgstr "" +"The amount of signal captured from any fluorophore will be related not just " +"to the intrinsic brightness of the fluorophore, but also the amount of " +"excitation light it is exposed to (due to duration, power, or both) as well " +"as amount of time and signal multiplication that happens at the detector " +"(typically a camera or a photomultiplier tube (PMT)). An optimal experiment " +"is typically one that minimizes the amount of light hitting the sample (to " +"reduce photobleaching and/or phototoxicity) while acheiving adequate " +"fluorescent signal and in minimal time on the equipment. How exactly to " +"balance these competing factors will depend on the exact biology being " +"studied and the researcher's constraints." +msgstr "" +"La quantité de signal capturé à partir de n'importe quel fluorophore sera " +"liée non seulement à la luminosité intrinsèque du fluorophore, mais " +"également à la quantité de lumière d'excitation à laquelle il est exposé (en" +" raison de la durée, de la puissance ou des deux) ainsi qu'à la durée et au " +"signal. multiplication qui se produit au niveau du détecteur (généralement " +"une caméra ou un tube photomultiplicateur (PMT)). Une expérience optimale " +"est généralement celle qui minimise la quantité de lumière frappant " +"l'échantillon (pour réduire le photoblanchiment et/ou la phototoxicité) tout" +" en obtenant un signal fluorescent adéquat et en un minimum de temps sur " +"l'équipement. La manière exacte d'équilibrer ces facteurs concurrents " +"dépendra de la biologie exacte étudiée et des contraintes du chercheur." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:1 msgid "Resources for learning more" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Des ressources pour en savoir plus" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:7 msgid "**Resource Name**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:8 msgid "**Link**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Lien**" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:9 msgid "**Brief description**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Brève description**" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:10 msgid "🌐 Nikon MicroscopyU" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Microscopie NikonU" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:11 msgid "[link](https://www.microscopyu.com/microscopy-basics)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.microscopyu.com/microscopy-basics)" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:12 msgid "" -"Fundamentals of microscopy explained for beginners with lots of images " -"and plain language descriptions of terms used in microscopy" +"Fundamentals of microscopy explained for beginners with lots of images and " +"plain language descriptions of terms used in microscopy" msgstr "" +"Principes fondamentaux de la microscopie expliqués aux débutants avec de " +"nombreuses images et des descriptions en langage simple des termes utilisés " +"en microscopie" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:13 msgid "" "📄 Seeing is believing? A beginners' guide to practical pitfalls in image " "acquisition {cite}`North2006-sb`" msgstr "" +"📄 Voir c'est croire ? Guide du débutant sur les pièges pratiques de " +"l'acquisition d'images {cite}`North2006-sb`" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:14 msgid "[link](https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200507103)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200507103)" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:15 msgid "" -"An overview of common concerns to check for during sample preparation and" -" image acquisition" +"An overview of common concerns to check for during sample preparation and " +"image acquisition" msgstr "" +"Un aperçu des problèmes courants à vérifier lors de la préparation des " +"échantillons et de l'acquisition d'images" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:16 msgid "📄 Fluorescence microscopy - avoiding the pitfalls {cite}`Brown2007-ou`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📄 Microscopie à fluorescence - éviter les pièges {cite}`Brown2007-ou`" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:17 msgid "" -"[link](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/120/10/1703/29404" -"/Fluorescence-microscopy-avoiding-the-pitfalls)" +"[link](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/120/10/1703/29404/Fluorescence-" +"microscopy-avoiding-the-pitfalls)" msgstr "" +"[lien](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/120/10/1703/29404/Fluorescence-" +"microscopy-avoiding-the-pitfalls)" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:18 msgid "" "Short overview of some of the most common pitfalls for beginners to " "fluorescence microscopy" msgstr "" +"Bref aperçu de certains des pièges les plus courants pour les débutants en " +"microscopie à fluorescence" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:19 msgid "" "📄 Tutorial: guidance for quantitative confocal microscopy " "{cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" msgstr "" +"📄 Tutoriel : conseils pour la microscopie confocale quantitative " +"{cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:20 msgid "[link](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0313-9)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0313-9)" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:21 msgid "" -"Step-by-step guidance on practical considerations for sample preparation," -" acquisition, and image analysis; primarily though not exclusively aimed " -"at users of confocal microscopy" +"Step-by-step guidance on practical considerations for sample preparation, " +"acquisition, and image analysis; primarily though not exclusively aimed at " +"users of confocal microscopy" msgstr "" +"Conseils étape par étape sur les considérations pratiques pour la " +"préparation des échantillons, l'acquisition et l'analyse d'images ; " +"principalement mais non exclusivement destiné aux utilisateurs de la " +"microscopie confocale" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:22 msgid "" "📄 Best practices and tools for reporting reproducible fluorescence " "microscopy methods {cite}`Montero_Llopis2021-nb`" msgstr "" +"📄 Meilleures pratiques et outils pour rapporter des méthodes reproductibles " +"de microscopie à fluorescence {cite}`Montero_Llopis2021-nb`" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:23 msgid "[link](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-021-01156-w)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-021-01156-w)" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:24 msgid "" "Guidelines and resources for accurate reporting of the most common " -"fluorescence light microscopy techniques, emphasizing the impact of " -"accurate microscopy metadata on data interpretation.'" +"fluorescence light microscopy techniques, emphasizing the impact of accurate" +" microscopy metadata on data interpretation.'" msgstr "" +"Lignes directrices et ressources pour un rapport précis des techniques de " +"microscopie optique à fluorescence les plus courantes, en mettant l'accent " +"sur l'impact de métadonnées de microscopie précises sur l'interprétation des" +" données." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:25 msgid "🎥 iBiology Microscopy Short Course" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🎥 Cours abrégé de microscopie iBiology" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:26 msgid "" "[link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4c5ILWQmqRY&list=PLQFc-" "Dxlf4pSRaEk8Xi9BzS0r8-LYmwRQ)" msgstr "" +"[lien](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4c5ILWQmqRY&list=PLQFc-" +"Dxlf4pSRaEk8Xi9BzS0r8-LYmwRQ)" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:27 msgid "" -"An 8 hour video series consisting of 14 videos introducting major " -"concepts in microscopy. A longer course with >70 videos is also " -"available." +"An 8 hour video series consisting of 14 videos introducting major concepts " +"in microscopy. A longer course with >70 videos is also available." msgstr "" +"Une série vidéo de 8 heures composée de 14 vidéos introduisant les grands " +"concepts de la microscopie. Un cours plus long avec plus de 70 vidéos est " +"également disponible." #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:28 msgid "🎥 Microcourses" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🎥 Microcours" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:29 msgid "[link](https://www.youtube.com/@Microcourses)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.youtube.com/@Microcourses)" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:30 msgid "" -"Videos about microscopy from the microscopy cores at Harvard Medical " -"School" +"Videos about microscopy from the microscopy cores at Harvard Medical School" msgstr "" +"Vidéos sur la microscopie des noyaux de microscopie à la Harvard Medical " +"School" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:31 msgid "🌐 Advanced Imaging Center" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Centre d'imagerie avancée" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:32 msgid "[link](https://www.aicjanelia.org/apply)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.aicjanelia.org/apply)" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:33 -msgid "Access to the state of the art microscopy instruments and imaging experts" +msgid "" +"Access to the state of the art microscopy instruments and imaging experts" msgstr "" +"Accès à des instruments de microscopie de pointe et à des experts en " +"imagerie" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:34 msgid "🌐 Africa Microscopy Initiative" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Initiative Africaine de Microscopie" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:35 msgid "[link](https://www.microscopy.africa/ )" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.microscopy.africa/ )" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:36 msgid "" -"Access to advanced microscopes, molecular biology and cell culture " -"equipment for scientists in Africa" +"Access to advanced microscopes, molecular biology and cell culture equipment" +" for scientists in Africa" msgstr "" +"Accès à des microscopes avancés, à des équipements de biologie moléculaire " +"et de culture cellulaire pour les scientifiques en Afrique" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:37 msgid "🌐 Euro-Bioimaging" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Euro-Bioimagerie" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:38 msgid "[link](https://www.eurobioimaging.eu)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.eurobioimaging.eu)" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/Resources.md:39 msgid "Access to microcopy instruments and training for scientists in Europe" msgstr "" +"Accès aux instruments de microcopie et formation pour les scientifiques en " +"Europe" #: ../../02_Sample_acquisition/_notinyet_Setting_up.md:1 msgid "Setting up your acquisition" -msgstr "" - +msgstr "Paramétrage de votre acquisition" From 3b00a5083babaf01858d1fb20acc576285a81e39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:38:07 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 04/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 177 +++++++++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 110 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index fc76a37c0..404cf6443 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -1,98 +1,137 @@ - +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2023 +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# +#, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-06-28 07:29-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Sample Preparation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "La préparation des échantillons" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Sample Acquisition" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Acquisition d'échantillons" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Image Analysis and Data Handling" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Analyse d'images et traitement des données" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Data Interpretation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Interprétation des données" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Additional Resources" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Ressources additionnelles" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Welcome" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Accueillir" #: ../../welcome.md:3 msgid "Welcome to the world of bioimaging and bioimage analysis! 🎉" msgstr "" +"Bienvenue dans le monde de la bioimagerie et de l'analyse de bioimages ! 🎉" #: ../../welcome.md:11 msgid "BBBC image montage" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Montage d'images BBBC" #: ../../welcome.md:11 msgid "" "**Montage of fluorescence microscopy images from " "[BBBC](https://bbbc.broadinstitute.org/) {cite}`Ljosa2012-fr` (Broad " -"Institute).** Images shown are from experiments BBBC007, BBBC008, " -"BBBC034, BBBC038, BBBC039, and BBBC020 from left to right, top to bottom." +"Institute).** Images shown are from experiments BBBC007, BBBC008, BBBC034, " +"BBBC038, BBBC039, and BBBC020 from left to right, top to bottom." msgstr "" +"**Montage d'images de microscopie à fluorescence de " +"[BBBC](https://bbbc.broadinstitute.org/) {cite}`Ljosa2012-fr` (Broad " +"Institute).** Les images présentées proviennent des expériences BBBC007, " +"BBBC008, BBBC034, BBBC038, BBBC039 , et BBBC020 de gauche à droite, de haut " +"en bas." #: ../../welcome.md:13 msgid "What is this book?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Quel est ce livre ?" #: ../../welcome.md:15 msgid "" -"This book is a companion website to our paper \"[**_A biologist’s guide " -"to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " +"This book is a companion website to our paper \"[**_A biologist’s guide to " +"planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " "experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" " -"{cite}`Senft2023-zy`. Our goal is to provide recommendations and a " -"curated set of resources for biologists looking to understand the factors" -" that impact their fluorescence microscopy experiments." -msgstr "" +"{cite}`Senft2023-zy`. Our goal is to provide recommendations and a curated " +"set of resources for biologists looking to understand the factors that " +"impact their fluorescence microscopy experiments." +msgstr "" +"Ce livre est un site Web complémentaire à notre article \"[**_Guide du " +"biologiste pour la planification et la réalisation d'expériences de " +"bioimagerie quantitative_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\"" +" {cite}`Senft2023-zy` . Notre objectif est de fournir des recommandations et" +" un ensemble de ressources organisées pour les biologistes qui cherchent à " +"comprendre les facteurs qui influent sur leurs expériences de microscopie à " +"fluorescence." #: ../../welcome.md:17 msgid "" -"This book is a collaborative effort from experts in biology, imaging, " -"image analysis, and data management, interpretation, and presentation. " -"Our tips and recommendations come from real experiences training and " -"working with biologists who are beginners to bioimaging and bioimage " -"analysis. When starting out in a new field, you often don't know what you" -" don't know. Here we provide context, tips for avoiding common beginner " -"errors, and a focused list of high-quality, open source resources (full " -"list available [here](bibliography)). We use icons to indicate the type " -"of resource:" -msgstr "" +"This book is a collaborative effort from experts in biology, imaging, image " +"analysis, and data management, interpretation, and presentation. Our tips " +"and recommendations come from real experiences training and working with " +"biologists who are beginners to bioimaging and bioimage analysis. When " +"starting out in a new field, you often don't know what you don't know. Here " +"we provide context, tips for avoiding common beginner errors, and a focused " +"list of high-quality, open source resources (full list available " +"[here](bibliography)). We use icons to indicate the type of resource:" +msgstr "" +"Ce livre est un effort collaboratif d'experts en biologie, imagerie, analyse" +" d'images et gestion, interprétation et présentation des données. Nos " +"conseils et recommandations sont issus d'expériences réelles de formation et" +" de travail avec des biologistes débutants en bioimagerie et analyse de " +"bioimage. Lorsque vous débutez dans un nouveau domaine, vous ne savez " +"souvent pas ce que vous ne savez pas. Nous fournissons ici un contexte, des " +"conseils pour éviter les erreurs courantes des débutants et une liste ciblée" +" de ressources open source de haute qualité (liste complète disponible [ici]" +" (bibliographie)). Nous utilisons des icônes pour indiquer le type de " +"ressource :" #: ../../welcome.md:39 msgid "What **isn't** this book?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce **n'est pas** ce livre ?" #: ../../welcome.md:41 msgid "" -"This book is **not** meant to be an exhaustive list of all resources. " -"Many others have curated excellent such resources(see " +"This book is **not** meant to be an exhaustive list of all resources. Many " +"others have curated excellent such resources(see " "[here](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1873-3468.14451) " -"{cite}`Haase2022-ad` and [here](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org" -"/training-education-resources/) and [here](https://biii.eu/) {cite}`Paul-" -"Gilloteaux2021-vw`). Our goal is to create a more streamlined, beginner-" -"accessible guide." -msgstr "" +"{cite}`Haase2022-ad` and " +"[here](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/training-education-resources/)" +" and [here](https://biii.eu/) {cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`). Our goal is " +"to create a more streamlined, beginner-accessible guide." +msgstr "" +"Ce livre n'est **pas** censé être une liste exhaustive de toutes les " +"ressources. Beaucoup d'autres ont organisé d'excellentes ressources de ce " +"type (voir " +"[ici](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1873-3468.14451) " +"{cite}`Haase2022-ad` et [ici](https://www. " +"bioimagingnorthamerica.org/training-education-resources/) et " +"[ici](https://biii.eu/) {cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`). Notre objectif est " +"de créer un guide plus simple et accessible aux débutants." #: ../../welcome.md:42 msgid "" @@ -101,10 +140,15 @@ msgid "" "interpretation are massive topics that we can't exhaustively cover in a " "guide for beginners." msgstr "" +"Ce livre n'est **pas** un protocole ou un guide étape par étape, bien que " +"certaines ressources auxquelles nous sommes liés puissent l'être. Chaque " +"sous-section, de la préparation des échantillons à l'interprétation des " +"données, sont des sujets massifs que nous ne pouvons pas couvrir de manière " +"exhaustive dans un guide pour débutants." #: ../../welcome.md:45 msgid "How to use this book:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comment utiliser ce livre:" #: ../../welcome.md:46 msgid "" @@ -112,43 +156,51 @@ msgid "" "started or begin with sample preparation by clicking the \"Next\" button " "below ↘️." msgstr "" +"Veuillez sélectionner une section à l'aide du panneau de navigation sur la " +"gauche pour commencer ou commencer la préparation de l'échantillon en " +"cliquant sur le bouton \"Suivant\" ci-dessous ↘️." #: ../../welcome.md:48 msgid "" -"Most sections will guide you through individual subtopics using some or " -"all of the following list of questions:" +"Most sections will guide you through individual subtopics using some or all " +"of the following list of questions:" msgstr "" +"La plupart des sections vous guideront à travers des sous-thèmes individuels" +" en utilisant tout ou partie de la liste de questions suivante :" #: ../../welcome.md:49 msgid "What is it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que c'est?" #: ../../welcome.md:50 msgid "What are my options?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Quelles sont mes options ?" #: ../../welcome.md:51 msgid "How do I do it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comment fait-on ça?" #: ../../welcome.md:52 msgid "Where can things go wrong?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Où les choses peuvent-elles mal tourner ?" #: ../../welcome.md:53 msgid "Where can I learn more? (links to resources)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Où puis-je en savoir plus ? (liens vers des ressources)" #: ../../welcome.md:55 msgid "" -"Which questions are used and the exact phrasing may vary by section, but " -"we hope this structure helps guide users to a deeper understanding of " -"each subtopic." +"Which questions are used and the exact phrasing may vary by section, but we " +"hope this structure helps guide users to a deeper understanding of each " +"subtopic." msgstr "" +"Les questions utilisées et la formulation exacte peuvent varier selon la " +"section, mais nous espérons que cette structure aidera les utilisateurs à " +"mieux comprendre chaque sous-thème." #: ../../welcome.md:57 msgid "What if my resource/topic is not included?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Que se passe-t-il si ma ressource/sujet n'est pas inclus ?" #: ../../welcome.md:58 msgid "" @@ -157,17 +209,8 @@ msgid "" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "This book is a companion website " -#~ "to our paper \"[**_A biologist’s guide" -#~ " to the field of quantitative " -#~ "bioimaging_**](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439283)\" " -#~ "{cite}`Senft2023-cb`. Our goal is to " -#~ "provide recommendations and a curated " -#~ "set of resources for biologists looking" -#~ " to understand the factors that " -#~ "impact their fluorescence microscopy " -#~ "experiments." -#~ msgstr "" - +"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " +"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" +" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " +"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " +"disponibles." From 5b84eb27f87da044b29d0019e44d1d531eb7ac35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:38:21 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 05/76] Translate _build/gettext/bibliography.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/bibliography.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/bibliography.po | 23 +++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/bibliography.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/bibliography.po index 41e8185bf..d7d0b05a3 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/bibliography.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/bibliography.po @@ -1,23 +1,26 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-05-02 14:28-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../bibliography.md:1 msgid "Bibliography" -msgstr "" - +msgstr "Bibliographie" From 4330ea477888d28102e7318238abdd3dae34463d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:38:37 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 06/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 121 +++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 61 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index a08b9b956..c8c9032c3 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -1,42 +1,53 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-10-13 18:15-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-10-13 18:46-0400\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.12.1\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../contributors.md:1 msgid "Contributing to this guide" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Contribuer à ce guide" #: ../../contributors.md:3 msgid "Contributors" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Contributeurs" #: ../../contributors.md:5 msgid "" -"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper " -"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative " -"bioimaging " +"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper \"[**_A" +" biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " "experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" " "{cite}`Senft2023-zy`. by Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina " "Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig " -"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew" -" Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth" -" A. Cimini." +"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew " +"Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth A. " +"Cimini." msgstr "" +"Le matériel original de ce livre a été créé dans le cadre de l'article " +"\"[**_Guide du biologiste pour la planification et la réalisation " +"d'expériences de bioimagerie " +"quantitative_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" {cite}` " +"Senft2023-zy`. par Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina Colarusso, " +"Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig Brideau, Paula " +"Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew Gonzales, Peter " +"Bankhead, Edward L Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri et Beth A. Cimini." #: ../../contributors.md:7 msgid "" @@ -44,18 +55,21 @@ msgid "" "contributions from the following members of the microscopy and bioimage " "analysis community!" msgstr "" +"Depuis que ce guide est devenu disponible, nous remercions chaleureusement " +"les contributions des membres suivants de la communauté de la microscopie et" +" de l'analyse de bioimages !" #: ../../contributors.md:8 msgid "William Giang" -msgstr "" +msgstr "William Giang" #: ../../contributors.md:9 msgid "Robert Haase" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Robert Haase" #: ../../contributors.md:11 msgid "How can I become a contributor?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comment devenir contributeur ?" #: ../../contributors.md:13 msgid "" @@ -64,66 +78,53 @@ msgid "" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" +"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " +"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" +" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " +"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " +"disponibles." #: ../../contributors.md:15 msgid "" "We currently also offer a [Google " "Form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly " -"than direct contributions to the GitHub repository." +" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly than " +"direct contributions to the GitHub repository." msgstr "" +"Actuellement, nous proposons également un [formulaire " +"Google](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" +" pour les contributions, mais notez que celles-ci peuvent être traitées plus" +" lentement que les contributions directes au référentiel GitHub." #: ../../contributors.md:18 msgid "Translation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Traduction" #: ../../contributors.md:20 msgid "" -"This guide is available in [English](www.bioimagingguide.org) as well as " -"Czech(cz.bioimagingguide.org)." +"This guide is available in [English](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) as " +"well as [Czech](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org)." msgstr "" +"Ce guide est disponible en [anglais] (https://www.bioimagingguide.org) et en" +" [tchèque] (https://cs.bioimagingguide.org)." #: ../../contributors.md:22 msgid "" -"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - " -"translation is planned or has begun in French, Spanish, Portuguese, " -"German, Finnish, and Polish. To help translate into one of these " -"languages, or another language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT" -" broadinstitute DOT org." +"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - translation " +"is planned or has begun in French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Finnish, and" +" Polish. To help translate into one of these languages, or another language " +"not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." msgstr "" +"Des travaux sont en cours pour traduire ce guide dans d'autres langues - la " +"traduction est prévue ou a commencé en français, en espagnol, en portugais, " +"en allemand, en finnois et en polonais. Pour aider à la traduction dans " +"l'une de ces langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez" +" contacter bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." #: ../../contributors.md:24 msgid "Translations are gratefully acknowledged from:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Nous remercions chaleureusement les traducteurs :" #: ../../contributors.md:26 msgid "Czech : Martin Schätz" -msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The original material for this book " -#~ "was created as part of the paper" -#~ " [A biologist’s guide to the field" -#~ " of quantitative " -#~ "bioimaging](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439283) by " -#~ "Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*," -#~ " Pina Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim " -#~ "Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, " -#~ "Craig Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, " -#~ "Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin " -#~ "Andrew Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward " -#~ "L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and" -#~ " Beth A. Cimini." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Work is underway to translate this " -#~ "guide into other languages - translation" -#~ " is planned or has begun in " -#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, Czech, and " -#~ "Polish. To help translate into one " -#~ "of these languages, or another language" -#~ " not listed here, please contact " -#~ "bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." -#~ msgstr "" - +msgstr "Tchèque : Martin Schätz" From 551dc8b7bf569e5310cd8ffbfe67156e2b24119b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:38:51 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 07/76] Translate _build/gettext/genindex.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/genindex.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/genindex.po | 23 +++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/genindex.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/genindex.po index f261db1dd..d672099ed 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/genindex.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/genindex.po @@ -1,23 +1,26 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-05-02 14:28-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../genindex.md:1 msgid "Index" -msgstr "" - +msgstr "Indice" From b05a317143bb8525bfab10e95d0378203fde0a3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:39:05 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 08/76] Translate QuantitativeBioimaging.pot in fr 100% translated source file: 'QuantitativeBioimaging.pot' on 'fr'. --- .../fr/LC_MESSAGES/QuantitativeBioimaging.po | 110 +++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/QuantitativeBioimaging.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/QuantitativeBioimaging.po index a9d6a5014..17e9ab337 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/QuantitativeBioimaging.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/QuantitativeBioimaging.po @@ -1,29 +1,33 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-06-28 07:29-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:1 msgid "Quantitative Bioimaging" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Bioimagerie quantitative" #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:3 msgid "What do we mean by quantitative bioimaging?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'entend-on par bioimagerie quantitative ?" #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:5 msgid "" @@ -31,61 +35,91 @@ msgid "" "history, we now live in an era where microscope images can be used to " "precisely quantify observable phenotypes." msgstr "" +"Alors que la microscopie était par nécessité une science qualitative pendant" +" la majeure partie de son histoire, nous vivons maintenant à une époque où " +"les images au microscope peuvent être utilisées pour quantifier avec " +"précision les phénotypes observables." #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:7 msgid "" "The ability to draw accurate quantitative answers from these experiments " -"relies on certain best practices being followed. If one can confidently " -"say \"Yes\" to each of the following 4 questions, one is likely to be " -"able to quantify their sample." +"relies on certain best practices being followed. If one can confidently say " +"\"Yes\" to each of the following 4 questions, one is likely to be able to " +"quantify their sample." msgstr "" +"La capacité à tirer des réponses quantitatives précises de ces expériences " +"repose sur le respect de certaines pratiques exemplaires. Si l'on peut " +"répondre \"Oui\" en toute confiance à chacune des 4 questions suivantes, on " +"est susceptible de pouvoir quantifier son échantillon." #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:9 msgid "" -"Have I prepared my sample in a way that minimizes technical artifacts and" -" lets me understand exactly which molecule(s) I am observing?" +"Have I prepared my sample in a way that minimizes technical artifacts and " +"lets me understand exactly which molecule(s) I am observing?" msgstr "" +"Ai-je préparé mon échantillon de manière à minimiser les artefacts " +"techniques et à comprendre exactement quelle(s) molécule(s) j'observe ?" #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:10 msgid "" -"Have I conducted my microscopy so that I minimize technical artifacts and" -" am in the quantitative range of the detector attached to my microscope?" +"Have I conducted my microscopy so that I minimize technical artifacts and am" +" in the quantitative range of the detector attached to my microscope?" msgstr "" +"Ai-je effectué ma microscopie de manière à minimiser les artefacts " +"techniques et à me situer dans la plage quantitative du détecteur fixé à mon" +" microscope ?" #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:11 msgid "" -"Have I selected analysis metric(s) that truly answer my biological " -"question and measured them in a way that minimizes technical artifacts?" +"Have I selected analysis metric(s) that truly answer my biological question " +"and measured them in a way that minimizes technical artifacts?" msgstr "" +"Ai-je sélectionné des mesures d'analyse qui répondent vraiment à ma question" +" biologique et les ai-je mesurées de manière à minimiser les artefacts " +"techniques ?" #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:12 msgid "" "Have I chosen appropriate statistical comparisons and data presentation " -"approaches so that the distribution of my metric(s) can be fairly " -"compared across samples, answering my biolgical question?" +"approaches so that the distribution of my metric(s) can be fairly compared " +"across samples, answering my biolgical question?" msgstr "" +"Ai-je choisi des comparaisons statistiques et des approches de présentation " +"des données appropriées afin que la distribution de mes mesures puisse être " +"comparée équitablement entre les échantillons, répondant à ma question " +"biologique ?" #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:14 msgid "" -"Answering each of these questions requires thought, expertise, and often " -"a fair amount of trial and error; it can feel overwhelming to grapple " -"with all the technical aspects and caveats present in a bioimaging " -"experiment. These questions **_can_** be answered, however, though often " -"not in a single pass - [continuous optimization through multiple rounds " -"of answering these questions](qb-decision-cycle) is typically needed for " -"best results." +"Answering each of these questions requires thought, expertise, and often a " +"fair amount of trial and error; it can feel overwhelming to grapple with all" +" the technical aspects and caveats present in a bioimaging experiment. These" +" questions **_can_** be answered, however, though often not in a single pass" +" - [continuous optimization through multiple rounds of answering these " +"questions](qb-decision-cycle) is typically needed for best results." msgstr "" +"Répondre à chacune de ces questions nécessite de la réflexion, de " +"l'expertise et souvent une bonne quantité d'essais et d'erreurs; il peut " +"sembler écrasant de se débattre avec tous les aspects techniques et les " +"mises en garde présentes dans une expérience de bioimagerie. Ces questions " +"**_can_** reçoivent une réponse, cependant, bien que souvent pas en une " +"seule passe - [l'optimisation continue à travers plusieurs séries de " +"réponses à ces questions] (qb-decision-cycle) est généralement nécessaire " +"pour obtenir les meilleurs résultats." #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:16 msgid "" "The resources linked in this guide are designed to help a reader develop " -"skills in each or all of these areas, helping them get the most from " -"their microscopy data." +"skills in each or all of these areas, helping them get the most from their " +"microscopy data." msgstr "" +"Les ressources liées dans ce guide sont conçues pour aider un lecteur à " +"développer des compétences dans chacun ou dans tous ces domaines, en " +"l'aidant à tirer le meilleur parti de ses données de microscopie." #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:25 msgid "cycle" -msgstr "" +msgstr "cycle" #: ../../QuantitativeBioimaging.md:25 msgid "" @@ -94,13 +128,7 @@ msgid "" "planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " "experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)." msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "**The decision cycle of quantitative " -#~ "bioimaging {cite}`Senft2023-cb`** Reproduced from" -#~ " Senft and Diaz-Rohrer et al, " -#~ "[**_A biologist’s guide to the field " -#~ "of quantitative " -#~ "bioimaging_**](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439283)." -#~ msgstr "" - +"**Le cycle de décision de la bioimagerie quantitative {cite}`Senft2023-zy`**" +" Reproduit à partir de Senft et Diaz-Rohrer et al, [**_Guide du biologiste " +"pour la planification et la réalisation d'expériences de bioimagerie " +"quantitative_**](https://doi.org /10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)." From 7883bcfedb0b3f834c13c97c4a2ced971d46b4df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:39:19 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 09/76] Translate community_resources.pot in fr 100% translated source file: 'community_resources.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po | 104 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po index 4156a84e5..0ebbccd90 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po @@ -1,171 +1,185 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-05-02 14:28-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../community_resources.md:1 msgid "Community resources" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Ressources communautaires" #: ../../community_resources.md:3 msgid "Below are globally and locally available community resources" msgstr "" +"Vous trouverez ci-dessous des ressources communautaires disponibles à " +"l'échelle mondiale et locale" #: ../../community_resources.md:5 msgid "Global and online resources" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Ressources mondiales et en ligne" #: ../../community_resources.md:12 ../../community_resources.md:35 msgid "**Resource Name**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" #: ../../community_resources.md:13 ../../community_resources.md:36 msgid "**Link**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Lien**" #: ../../community_resources.md:14 msgid "**Brief description**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Brève description**" #: ../../community_resources.md:15 msgid "Global BioImaging" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Bioimagerie mondiale" #: ../../community_resources.md:16 msgid "[link](https://globalbioimaging.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://globalbioimaging.org/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:17 msgid "" -"Training resources, working groups, recommendations for standardization " -"and research reproducibility for global bioimaging efforts" +"Training resources, working groups, recommendations for standardization and " +"research reproducibility for global bioimaging efforts" msgstr "" +"Ressources de formation, groupes de travail, recommandations pour la " +"normalisation et la reproductibilité de la recherche pour les efforts " +"mondiaux de bioimagerie" #: ../../community_resources.md:18 msgid "Microforum" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Microforum" #: ../../community_resources.md:19 msgid "[link](https://forum.microlist.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://forum.microlist.org/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:20 msgid "Discussion forum for bioimaging sample preparation and acquisition" msgstr "" +"Forum de discussion pour la préparation et l'acquisition d'échantillons de " +"bioimagerie" #: ../../community_resources.md:21 msgid "Scientific Community Image Forum (Image . sc)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Forum de l'image de la communauté scientifique (Image . sc)" #: ../../community_resources.md:22 msgid "[link](https://forum.image.sc/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://forum.image.sc/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:23 msgid "Discussion forum for bioimage analysis software {cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" msgstr "" +"Forum de discussion sur le logiciel d'analyse de bioimages " +"{cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" #: ../../community_resources.md:24 msgid "HMS Nikon Imaging Center \"Favorite References\"" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Centre d'imagerie HMS Nikon \"Références préférées\"" #: ../../community_resources.md:25 msgid "[link](https://nic.med.harvard.edu/fav_references/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://nic.med.harvard.edu/fav_references/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:26 msgid "" -"A curated list of references related to many aspects of microscopy and " -"image analysis" +"A curated list of references related to many aspects of microscopy and image" +" analysis" msgstr "" +"Une liste organisée de références liées à de nombreux aspects de la " +"microscopie et de l'analyse d'images" #: ../../community_resources.md:29 msgid "Local resources" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Ressources locales" #: ../../community_resources.md:37 msgid "BioImaging North America (BINA)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Bioimagerie Amérique du Nord (BINA)" #: ../../community_resources.md:38 msgid "[link](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:39 msgid "Latin America BioImaging" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Amérique latine Bioimagerie" #: ../../community_resources.md:40 msgid "[link](https://www.latambioimaging.org/ )" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.latambioimaging.org/ )" #: ../../community_resources.md:41 msgid "African BioImaging Consortium" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Consortium africain de bioimagerie" #: ../../community_resources.md:42 msgid "[link](https://www.africanbioimaging.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.africanbioimaging.org/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:43 msgid "South Africa BioImaging" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Afrique du Sud Bioimagerie" #: ../../community_resources.md:44 msgid "[link](https://www.sabioimaging.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.sabioimaging.org/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:45 msgid "Euro-bioimaging" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Euro-bioimagerie" #: ../../community_resources.md:46 msgid "[link](https://www.eurobioimaging.eu/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.eurobioimaging.eu/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:47 msgid "Advanced BioImaging support (Japan)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Prise en charge avancée de la bioimagerie (Japon)" #: ../../community_resources.md:48 msgid "[link](https://www.nibb.ac.jp/abis/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.nibb.ac.jp/abis/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:49 msgid "Microscopy Australia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Microscopie Australie" #: ../../community_resources.md:50 msgid "[link](https://micro.org.au/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://micro.org.au/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:51 msgid "Canada BioImaging" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Bioimagerie Canada" #: ../../community_resources.md:52 msgid "[link](https://www.canadabioimaging.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.canadabioimaging.org/)" #: ../../community_resources.md:53 msgid "Singapore Microscopy Infrastructure Network" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Réseau d'infrastructure de microscopie de Singapour" #: ../../community_resources.md:54 msgid "[link](https://www.singascope.sg/)" -msgstr "" - +msgstr "[lien](https://www.singascope.sg/)" From dc01b0d5fb91c58c9a2fdb7df9e648c269a7007d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:39:31 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 10/76] Translate 04_Data_presentation.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '04_Data_presentation.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po | 988 ++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 541 insertions(+), 447 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po index 25a1aac41..22484ad79 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po @@ -1,91 +1,119 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-06-28 07:29-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Introduction.md:1 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:3 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/_notinyet_Presentation_graphs.md:3 msgid "Introduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Introduction" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Introduction.md:3 msgid "" "When presenting microscopy image data in biology and biomedicine, it's " -"important to consider the quality of the images, the labeling and " -"annotation of important features, and the overall visual appeal. This " -"also applies to diagrams and plots which convey numerical data derived " -"from microscopy images. Chart types must in addition be suitable for the " -"specific data that is being conveyed to not mislead audiences. This " -"applies to image data in scientific posters, talk-slides, or " -"publications." -msgstr "" +"important to consider the quality of the images, the labeling and annotation" +" of important features, and the overall visual appeal. This also applies to " +"diagrams and plots which convey numerical data derived from microscopy " +"images. Chart types must in addition be suitable for the specific data that " +"is being conveyed to not mislead audiences. This applies to image data in " +"scientific posters, talk-slides, or publications." +msgstr "" +"Lors de la présentation de données d'images microscopiques en biologie et en" +" biomédecine, il est important de prendre en compte la qualité des images, " +"l'étiquetage et l'annotation des caractéristiques importantes, ainsi que " +"l'attrait visuel global. Cela s'applique également aux diagrammes et aux " +"tracés qui transmettent des données numériques dérivées d'images de " +"microscopie. Les types de graphiques doivent en outre être adaptés aux " +"données spécifiques qui sont transmises pour ne pas induire le public en " +"erreur. Cela s'applique aux données d'image dans les affiches scientifiques," +" les diaporamas ou les publications." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:1 msgid "Presentation of microscopy images" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Présentation des images de microscopie" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:3 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:9 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:34 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:57 msgid "What is it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que c'est?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:5 msgid "" "Microscopy images are often shown in scientific papers to illustrate a " -"particular conclusion. While qualitative conclusions are not a subsitute " -"for quantitative comparisons (see next section), images can certainly " -"guide our reasoning and our conclusions. Following a few consistent best " -"practices ensures that these conclusions are correct and robust." -msgstr "" +"particular conclusion. While qualitative conclusions are not a subsitute for" +" quantitative comparisons (see next section), images can certainly guide our" +" reasoning and our conclusions. Following a few consistent best practices " +"ensures that these conclusions are correct and robust." +msgstr "" +"Les images de microscopie sont souvent présentées dans des articles " +"scientifiques pour illustrer une conclusion particulière. Si les conclusions" +" qualitatives ne remplacent pas les comparaisons quantitatives (voir section" +" suivante), les images peuvent certainement guider notre raisonnement et nos" +" conclusions. Suivre quelques bonnes pratiques cohérentes garantit que ces " +"conclusions sont correctes et solides." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:14 msgid "10 tips for image presentation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "10 conseils pour la présentation d'images" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:14 msgid "" "**A brief visual summary of image presentation tips.** Figure by Helena " "Jambor. [Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7750259)" msgstr "" +"**Un bref résumé visuel des conseils de présentation d'image.** Figure par " +"Helena Jambor. [Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7750259)" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Adjust the image crop, orientation, and size." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Ajustez le recadrage, l'orientation et la taille de l'image." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:18 msgid "" -"For any adjustments, work with an image copy and do not alter the " -"original file. Note, do not use adjusted images for quantitative image " -"data analyses Adjustments to effectively communicate the image content " -"may include removing uninformative image regions (crop), changing the " -"image orientation, and adjusting the size. Note that rotation and re-" -"sizing may change the image data when pixel information is redistributed." -msgstr "" +"For any adjustments, work with an image copy and do not alter the original " +"file. Note, do not use adjusted images for quantitative image data analyses" +" Adjustments to effectively communicate the image content may include " +"removing uninformative image regions (crop), changing the image orientation," +" and adjusting the size. Note that rotation and re-sizing may change the " +"image data when pixel information is redistributed." +msgstr "" +"Pour tout ajustement, travaillez avec une copie d'image et ne modifiez pas " +"le fichier d'origine. Remarque, n'utilisez pas d'images ajustées pour les " +"analyses quantitatives de données d'image. Les ajustements pour communiquer " +"efficacement le contenu de l'image peuvent inclure la suppression de régions" +" d'image non informatives (recadrage), la modification de l'orientation de " +"l'image et l'ajustement de la taille. Notez que la rotation et le " +"redimensionnement peuvent modifier les données d'image lorsque les " +"informations de pixel sont redistribuées." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:17 msgid "rotation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "rotation" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "🤔 How do I do it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🤔 Comment faire ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:25 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:43 @@ -94,76 +122,103 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:98 msgid "See the [cheat-sheet below](image-cheat-sheet) for more information." msgstr "" +"Voir la [aide-mémoire ci-dessous] (image-aide-mémoire) pour plus " +"d'informations." -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:0 msgid "⚠️ Where can things go wrong?" msgstr "" +" ⚠️ Où les choses peuvent-elles mal " +"tourner ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:28 msgid "Any adjustments that alter the conclusions are not permitted." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Tout ajustement modifiant les conclusions n'est pas autorisé." -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:0 msgid "📚🤷‍♀️ Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📚🤷‍♀️ Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:31 msgid "" "📄 [Reproducible image handling and " "analysis](https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020105889) {cite}`Miura2021-mb`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Manipulation et analyse d'images " +"reproductibles](https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020105889) " +"{cite}`Miura2021-mb`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:32 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:49 -#, python-format msgid "" -"📄 [Avoiding Twisted Pixels: Ethical Guidelines for the Appropriate Use " -"and Manipulation of Scientific Digital " -"Images](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11948-010-9201-y) " -"{cite}`Cromey2010-jr`" +"📄 [Avoiding Twisted Pixels: Ethical Guidelines for the Appropriate Use and " +"Manipulation of Scientific Digital " +"Images](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11948-010-9201-y) {cite}`Cromey2010-jr`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Éviter les pixels torsadés : directives éthiques pour l'utilisation et la" +" manipulation appropriées des images numériques " +"scientifiques](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11948-010-9201-y) " +"{cite}`Cromey2010-jr`" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Enhance visibility of image content" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Améliorer la visibilité du contenu de l'image" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:37 msgid "" -"Images often do not have regular spaced intensity values. To still " -"display the data visible on a screen/in a figure, adjustments of " -"brightness and contrast are usually necessary." +"Images often do not have regular spaced intensity values. To still display " +"the data visible on a screen/in a figure, adjustments of brightness and " +"contrast are usually necessary." msgstr "" +"Les images n'ont souvent pas de valeurs d'intensité espacées régulières. " +"Pour afficher toujours les données visibles sur un écran/dans une figure, " +"des réglages de luminosité et de contraste sont généralement nécessaires." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:36 msgid "image adjustment" -msgstr "" +msgstr "ajustement des images" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:46 msgid "" "Any adjustments that result in the disappearance of image details are " "considered misleading {cite}`Cromey2010-jr`. Note that many nonlinear " -"transformations of brightness and contrast are available in image " -"processing software, before using these users should ensure that they " -"faithfully represent the data to avoid accidentally misleading audiences " -"and disclose them as annotations." -msgstr "" - -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +"transformations of brightness and contrast are available in image processing" +" software, before using these users should ensure that they faithfully " +"represent the data to avoid accidentally misleading audiences and disclose " +"them as annotations." +msgstr "" +"Tout ajustement entraînant la disparition des détails de l'image est " +"considéré comme trompeur {cite}`Cromey2010-jr`. Notez que de nombreuses " +"transformations non linéaires de luminosité et de contraste sont disponibles" +" dans les logiciels de traitement d'image, avant d'utiliser ces utilisateurs" +" doivent s'assurer qu'ils représentent fidèlement les données pour éviter " +"d'induire accidentellement le public en erreur et de les divulguer sous " +"forme d'annotations." + +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Use accessible colors" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Utiliser des couleurs accessibles" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:54 msgid "" "Fluorescent microscope images are often composed of data from multiple " "wavelengths/color channels. To best visualize molecular structures, " -"individual channels can be shown in separate grayscale images. When " -"colors are chosen to represent the illumination wavelength (blue, green, " -"red, far-red), for example Green-Fluorescent Protein is shown in green " -"color, be reminded that intensity values on a black background reduces " -"the level of detail." -msgstr "" +"individual channels can be shown in separate grayscale images. When colors " +"are chosen to represent the illumination wavelength (blue, green, red, far-" +"red), for example Green-Fluorescent Protein is shown in green color, be " +"reminded that intensity values on a black background reduces the level of " +"detail." +msgstr "" +"Les images au microscope fluorescent sont souvent composées de données " +"provenant de plusieurs longueurs d'onde/canaux de couleur. Pour mieux " +"visualiser les structures moléculaires, les canaux individuels peuvent être " +"affichés dans des images en niveaux de gris distinctes. Lorsque des couleurs" +" sont choisies pour représenter la longueur d'onde d'éclairage (bleu, vert, " +"rouge, rouge lointain), par exemple la protéine fluorescente verte est " +"affichée en vert, rappelez-vous que les valeurs d'intensité sur un fond noir" +" réduisent le niveau de détail." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:56 msgid "" @@ -171,22 +226,34 @@ msgid "" "that structures are visible, i.e., that the overlay does not obstruct " "features and that the colors used are clearly distinguishable." msgstr "" +"Lorsque les canaux sont superposés dans des images «composites», les auteurs" +" doivent s'assurer que les structures sont visibles, c'est-à-dire que la " +"superposition n'obstrue pas les caractéristiques et que les couleurs " +"utilisées se distinguent clairement." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:53 msgid "multicolor image composition" -msgstr "" +msgstr "composition d'image multicolore" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:65 msgid "" -"For composite images consider if color combinations are accessible to " -"color-blind audiences (e.g. not combine red with green, but rather " -"magenta and green, see reference below for examples) and possibly " -"additionally show individual channels in grayscale for maximizing " -"accessibility and detail. Tools for color blindness simulation of the " -"images exist in image processing software (ImageJ/Fiji) and visibility of" -" colors in final image figures can be tested with applications such as " +"For composite images consider if color combinations are accessible to color-" +"blind audiences (e.g. not combine red with green, but rather magenta and " +"green, see reference below for examples) and possibly additionally show " +"individual channels in grayscale for maximizing accessibility and detail. " +"Tools for color blindness simulation of the images exist in image processing" +" software (ImageJ/Fiji) and visibility of colors in final image figures can " +"be tested with applications such as ColorOracle." +msgstr "" +"Pour les images composites, déterminez si les combinaisons de couleurs sont " +"accessibles aux publics daltoniens (par exemple, ne pas combiner le rouge " +"avec le vert, mais plutôt le magenta et le vert, voir la référence ci-" +"dessous pour des exemples) et éventuellement afficher en plus des canaux " +"individuels en niveaux de gris pour maximiser l'accessibilité et les " +"détails. Des outils de simulation de daltonisme des images existent dans un " +"logiciel de traitement d'image (ImageJ/Fiji) et la visibilité des couleurs " +"dans les images finales peut être testée avec des applications telles que " "ColorOracle." -msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:69 msgid "" @@ -194,266 +261,388 @@ msgid "" "publications](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161) " "{cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Créer des images claires et informatives pour les publications " +"scientifiques](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161) " +"{cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Annotate key image features" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Annoter les principales caractéristiques de l'image" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:74 msgid "" -"Each image needs a reference to its physical dimensions. This is " -"typically achieved by including a scale bar with dimensions annotated in " -"the image or the figure legend." +"Each image needs a reference to its physical dimensions. This is typically " +"achieved by including a scale bar with dimensions annotated in the image or " +"the figure legend." msgstr "" +"Chaque image a besoin d'une référence à ses dimensions physiques. Ceci est " +"généralement réalisé en incluant une barre d'échelle avec des dimensions " +"annotées dans l'image ou la légende de la figure." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:76 msgid "" "In addition, authors should remember to annotate the colors used, any " -"symbols and arrows used to guide readers, and, if used, the origin of any" -" zoom/inset. If specialized images are shown (time-lapse, volumes, " +"symbols and arrows used to guide readers, and, if used, the origin of any " +"zoom/inset. If specialized images are shown (time-lapse, volumes, " "reconstructions) authors are encouraged to consider annotating important " "information in the figures." msgstr "" +"De plus, les auteurs doivent se rappeler d'annoter les couleurs utilisées, " +"tous les symboles et flèches utilisés pour guider les lecteurs et, le cas " +"échéant, l'origine de tout zoom/incrustation. Si des images spécialisées " +"sont présentées (time-lapse, volumes, reconstructions), les auteurs sont " +"encouragés à envisager d'annoter les informations importantes dans les " +"figures." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:73 msgid "speech bubbles" -msgstr "" +msgstr "bulles" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:85 msgid "" -"Lack of details and missing of key explanations will make it impossible " -"for audiences to interpret image data in figures. To unambiguously " -"reference probes consider using terms from the ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary," -" a standardized nomenclature for probers used in cytometry and " -"microscopy." +"Lack of details and missing of key explanations will make it impossible for " +"audiences to interpret image data in figures. To unambiguously reference " +"probes consider using terms from the ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary, a " +"standardized nomenclature for probers used in cytometry and microscopy." msgstr "" +"Le manque de détails et l'absence d'explications clés empêcheront le public " +"d'interpréter les données d'image en chiffres. Pour référencer sans " +"ambiguïté les sondes, envisagez d'utiliser les termes du dictionnaire ISAC " +"Probe Tag, une nomenclature normalisée pour les sondes utilisées en " +"cytométrie et en microscopie." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:89 msgid "" -"📄 [ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary: Standardized Nomenclature for Detection and" -" Visualization Labels Used in Cytometry and Microscopy Imaging " +"📄 [ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary: Standardized Nomenclature for Detection and " +"Visualization Labels Used in Cytometry and Microscopy Imaging " "](https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24224) {cite}`Blenman2021-ki`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Dictionnaire d'étiquettes de sonde ISAC : Nomenclature normalisée pour " +"les étiquettes de détection et de visualisation utilisées en cytométrie et " +"en imagerie microscopique] (https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24224) " +"{cite}`Blenman2021-ki`" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Explain the image" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Expliquer l'image" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:95 msgid "" -"To rapidly orient audiences, a minimal explanatory text should be " -"presented along with images. This includes the figure legend and the " -"methods section in scientific papers or the title of figures in posters " -"and slides. Consider using a controlled vocabulary to reduce ambiguity " -"and increase machine-readability of the descriptions of specimens, " -"tissues, cell lines, and proteins etc. A useful tool is the [RRID " -"(Reseach Resource Identifying " -"Data)index](https://scicrunch.org/resources) , which provides indices for" -" commonly used biological reagents and resources, e.g., plasmids, cell " -"lines and antibodies ." -msgstr "" +"To rapidly orient audiences, a minimal explanatory text should be presented " +"along with images. This includes the figure legend and the methods section " +"in scientific papers or the title of figures in posters and slides. Consider" +" using a controlled vocabulary to reduce ambiguity and increase machine-" +"readability of the descriptions of specimens, tissues, cell lines, and " +"proteins etc. A useful tool is the [RRID (Reseach Resource Identifying " +"Data)index](https://scicrunch.org/resources) , which provides indices for " +"commonly used biological reagents and resources, e.g., plasmids, cell lines " +"and antibodies ." +msgstr "" +"Pour orienter rapidement le public, un texte explicatif minimal doit être " +"présenté accompagné d'images. Cela inclut la légende des figures et la " +"section des méthodes dans les articles scientifiques ou le titre des figures" +" dans les affiches et les diapositives. Envisagez d'utiliser un vocabulaire " +"contrôlé pour réduire l'ambiguïté et augmenter la lisibilité par machine des" +" descriptions d'échantillons, de tissus, de lignées cellulaires et de " +"protéines, etc. Un outil utile est l'index [RRID (Reseach Resource " +"Identifying Data)](https://scicrunch. org/resources) , qui fournit des " +"indices pour les réactifs et ressources biologiques couramment utilisés, par" +" exemple les plasmides, les lignées cellulaires et les anticorps ." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:101 msgid "" -"Missing explanations of image details/methods may result in non-" -"reproducible data and limits the insights from the data." +"Missing explanations of image details/methods may result in non-reproducible" +" data and limits the insights from the data." msgstr "" +"Des explications manquantes sur les détails/méthodes de l'image peuvent " +"entraîner des données non reproductibles et limiter les informations tirées " +"des données." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:104 msgid "" -"📄 [Replication Study: Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by" -" stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and " +"📄 [Replication Study: Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by " +"stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and " "metastasis](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.45120) {cite}`Sheen2019-bg`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Étude de réplication : le remodelage biomécanique du microenvironnement " +"par la cavéoline stromale-1 favorise l'invasion tumorale et les " +"métastases](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.45120) {cite}`Sheen2019-bg`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:105 msgid "" "📄 [Imaging methods are vastly underreported in biomedical " "research](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.55133) {cite}`Marques2020-nx`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Les méthodes d'imagerie sont largement sous-estimées dans la recherche " +"biomédicale](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.55133) {cite}`Marques2020-nx`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:106 msgid "" -"📄 [Are figure legends sufficient? Evaluating the contribution of " -"associated text to biomedical figure " +"📄 [Are figure legends sufficient? Evaluating the contribution of associated " +"text to biomedical figure " "comprehension.](https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5333-4-1) {cite}`Yu2009-ip`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Les légendes des figures sont-elles suffisantes ? Évaluation de la " +"contribution du texte associé à la compréhension des figures " +"biomédicales.](https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5333-4-1) {cite}`Yu2009-ip`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:110 msgid "Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:112 msgid "" -"Check out _Creating clear and informative image-based figures for " -"scientific publications_{cite}`Jambor2021-qe` and _Community-developed " -"checklists for publishing images and image " -"analysis_{cite}`Schmied2023-ad` for more tips and best practices for " -"making image figures." +"Check out _Creating clear and informative image-based figures for scientific" +" publications_{cite}`Jambor2021-qe` and _Community-developed checklists for " +"publishing images and image analysis_{cite}`Schmied2023-ad` for more tips " +"and best practices for making image figures." msgstr "" +"Consultez _Création de figures claires et informatives basées sur des images" +" pour les publications scientifiques_{cite}`Jambor2021-qe` et _Listes de " +"contrôle développées par la communauté pour la publication d'images et " +"l'analyse d'images_{cite}`Schmied2023-ad` pour plus de conseils et de bonnes" +" pratiques pour créer des figures d'image." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:114 msgid "" "A cheat sheet on how to do basic image preparation with open source " "software:" msgstr "" +"Aide-mémoire expliquant comment effectuer une préparation d'image de base " +"avec un logiciel open source :" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:124 msgid "Instructions for common image processing operations in Fiji" msgstr "" +"Instructions pour les opérations courantes de traitement d'images aux Fidji" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:124 msgid "" -"**How to correctly perform various image manipulations in Fiji.** Figure " -"by Christopher Schmied and Helena Jambor. " +"**How to correctly perform various image manipulations in Fiji.** Figure by " +"Christopher Schmied and Helena Jambor. " "[Source](https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27140.2)" msgstr "" +"**Comment effectuer correctement diverses manipulations d'images aux " +"Fidji.** Figure de Christopher Schmied et Helena Jambor. " +"[Source](https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27140.2)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:1 msgid "Resources for learning more" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Des ressources pour en savoir plus" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:8 msgid "**Resource Name**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:9 msgid "**Link**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Lien**" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:10 msgid "**Brief description**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Brève description**" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:11 msgid "" "📄 Creating clear and informative image-based figures for scientific " "publications {cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" msgstr "" +"📄 Création de figures claires et informatives basées sur des images pour les" +" publications scientifiques {cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:12 msgid "" "[link](https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161" " )" msgstr "" +"[lien](https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:13 msgid "" "Review article on how to create accessible, fair scientific figures, " "including guidelines for microscopy images" msgstr "" +"Article de revue sur la façon de créer des figures scientifiques accessibles" +" et équitables, y compris des lignes directrices pour les images de " +"microscopie" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:14 msgid "" -"📄 Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analysis" -" {cite}`Schmied2023-ad`" +"📄 Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analysis " +"{cite}`Schmied2023-ad`" msgstr "" +"📄 Listes de contrôle développées par la communauté pour la publication " +"d'images et l'analyse d'images {cite}`Schmied2023-ad`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:15 msgid "[link](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07005)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07005)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:16 msgid "" -"A paper recommending checklists and best practices for publishing image " -"data" +"A paper recommending checklists and best practices for publishing image data" msgstr "" +"Un document recommandant des listes de contrôle et les meilleures pratiques " +"pour la publication de données d'image" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:17 msgid "📖 Modern Statistics for Modern Biology {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" msgstr "" +"📖 Statistiques modernes pour la biologie moderne {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:18 msgid "[link](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:19 msgid "Online statistics for biologists textbook with code examples (in R)" msgstr "" +"Manuel de statistiques en ligne pour les biologistes avec exemples de code " +"(en R)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:1 msgid "Statistics" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Statistiques" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:5 msgid "" -"Quantitative data is often summarized and analysed with statistical " -"methods and visualized with plots/graphs/diagrams. Statistical methods " -"reveal quantitative trends, patterns, and outliers in data, while plots " -"and graphs help to convey them to audiences. Carrying out a suitable " -"statistical analysis and choosing a suitable chart type for your data, " -"identifying their potential pitfalls, and faithfully realising the " -"analysis or generating the chart with suitable software are essential to " -"back up experimental conclusions with data and reach communication goals." -msgstr "" +"Quantitative data is often summarized and analysed with statistical methods " +"and visualized with plots/graphs/diagrams. Statistical methods reveal " +"quantitative trends, patterns, and outliers in data, while plots and graphs " +"help to convey them to audiences. Carrying out a suitable statistical " +"analysis and choosing a suitable chart type for your data, identifying their" +" potential pitfalls, and faithfully realising the analysis or generating the" +" chart with suitable software are essential to back up experimental " +"conclusions with data and reach communication goals." +msgstr "" +"Les données quantitatives sont souvent résumées et analysées avec des " +"méthodes statistiques et visualisées avec des tracés/graphiques/diagrammes. " +"Les méthodes statistiques révèlent des tendances quantitatives, des modèles " +"et des valeurs aberrantes dans les données, tandis que les tracés et les " +"graphiques aident à les transmettre au public. Réaliser une analyse " +"statistique appropriée et choisir un type de graphique adapté à vos données," +" identifier leurs pièges potentiels et réaliser fidèlement l'analyse ou " +"générer le graphique avec un logiciel approprié sont essentiels pour étayer " +"les conclusions expérimentales avec des données et atteindre les objectifs " +"de communication." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:7 msgid "Dimensionality reduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Réduction de la dimensionnalité" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:10 msgid "" -"Dimensionality reduction (also called dimension reduction) aims at " -"mapping high-dimensional data onto a lower-dimensional space in order to " -"better reveal trends and patterns. Algorithms performing this task " -"attempt to retain as much information as possible when reducing the " -"dimensionality of the data: this is achieved by assigning importance " -"scores to individual features, removing redundancies, and identifying " -"uninformative (for instance constant) features. Dimensionality reduction " -"is an important step in quantitative analysis as it makes data more " -"manageable and easier to visualize. It is also an important preprocessing" -" step in many downstream analysis algorithms, such as machine learning " -"classifiers." -msgstr "" - -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md +"Dimensionality reduction (also called dimension reduction) aims at mapping " +"high-dimensional data onto a lower-dimensional space in order to better " +"reveal trends and patterns. Algorithms performing this task attempt to " +"retain as much information as possible when reducing the dimensionality of " +"the data: this is achieved by assigning importance scores to individual " +"features, removing redundancies, and identifying uninformative (for instance" +" constant) features. Dimensionality reduction is an important step in " +"quantitative analysis as it makes data more manageable and easier to " +"visualize. It is also an important preprocessing step in many downstream " +"analysis algorithms, such as machine learning classifiers." +msgstr "" +"La réduction de dimensionnalité (également appelée réduction de dimension) " +"vise à cartographier des données de grande dimension sur un espace de " +"dimension inférieure afin de mieux révéler les tendances et les modèles. Les" +" algorithmes effectuant cette tâche tentent de conserver autant " +"d'informations que possible lors de la réduction de la dimensionnalité des " +"données : cela est réalisé en attribuant des scores d'importance aux " +"caractéristiques individuelles, en supprimant les redondances et en " +"identifiant les caractéristiques non informatives (par exemple constantes). " +"La réduction de la dimensionnalité est une étape importante dans l'analyse " +"quantitative car elle rend les données plus gérables et plus faciles à " +"visualiser. Il s'agit également d'une étape de prétraitement importante dans" +" de nombreux algorithmes d'analyse en aval, tels que les classificateurs " +"d'apprentissage automatique." + +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:0 msgid "📏 How do I do it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📏 Comment faire ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:13 msgid "" "The most traditional dimensionality reduction technique is principal " -"component analysis (PCA){cite}`Lever2017-pca`. In a nutshell, PCA " -"recovers a linear transformation of the input data into a new coordinate " -"system (the principal components) that concentrates variation into its " -"first axes. This is achieved by relying on classical linear algebra, by " -"computing an eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix of the data. As " -"a result, the first 2 or 3 principal components provide a low-dimensional" -" version of the data distribution that is faithful to the variance that " -"was originally present. More advanced dimensionality reduction methods " -"that are popular in biology include t-distributed stochastic neighbor " -"embedding (t-SNE) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection " -"(UMAP). In contrast to PCA, these methods are non-linear and can " -"therefore exploit more complex relationships between features when " -"building the lower-dimensional representation. This however comes at a " -"cost: both t-SNE and UMAP are stochastic, meaning that the results they " -"produce are highly dependent on the choice of hyperparameters and can " -"differ across different runs." -msgstr "" +"component analysis (PCA){cite}`Lever2017-pca`. In a nutshell, PCA recovers a" +" linear transformation of the input data into a new coordinate system (the " +"principal components) that concentrates variation into its first axes. This " +"is achieved by relying on classical linear algebra, by computing an " +"eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix of the data. As a result, the " +"first 2 or 3 principal components provide a low-dimensional version of the " +"data distribution that is faithful to the variance that was originally " +"present. More advanced dimensionality reduction methods that are popular in " +"biology include t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and " +"Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). In contrast to PCA, " +"these methods are non-linear and can therefore exploit more complex " +"relationships between features when building the lower-dimensional " +"representation. This however comes at a cost: both t-SNE and UMAP are " +"stochastic, meaning that the results they produce are highly dependent on " +"the choice of hyperparameters and can differ across different runs." +msgstr "" +"La technique de réduction de dimensionnalité la plus traditionnelle est " +"l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP){cite}`Lever2017-pca`. En un mot, " +"PCA récupère une transformation linéaire des données d'entrée dans un " +"nouveau système de coordonnées (les composantes principales) qui concentre " +"la variation dans ses premiers axes. Ceci est réalisé en s'appuyant sur " +"l'algèbre linéaire classique, en calculant une décomposition propre de la " +"matrice de covariance des données. En conséquence, les 2 ou 3 premières " +"composantes principales fournissent une version de faible dimension de la " +"distribution des données qui est fidèle à la variance qui était présente à " +"l'origine. Les méthodes de réduction de dimensionnalité plus avancées qui " +"sont populaires en biologie comprennent l'incorporation de voisins " +"stochastiques à distribution t (t-SNE) et l'approximation et la projection " +"uniformes de la variété (UMAP). Contrairement à l'ACP, ces méthodes sont non" +" linéaires et peuvent donc exploiter des relations plus complexes entre les " +"caractéristiques lors de la construction de la représentation de dimension " +"inférieure. Cela a cependant un coût : t-SNE et UMAP sont stochastiques, ce " +"qui signifie que les résultats qu'ils produisent dépendent fortement du " +"choix des hyperparamètres et peuvent différer d'une exécution à l'autre." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:18 msgid "" -"Although reducing dimensionality can be very useful for data exploration " -"and analysis, it may also wipe information or structure that is relevant " -"to the problem being studied. This is famously well illustrated by the " -"[Datasaurus " +"Although reducing dimensionality can be very useful for data exploration and" +" analysis, it may also wipe information or structure that is relevant to the" +" problem being studied. This is famously well illustrated by the [Datasaurus" +" " "dataset](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/datasauRus/vignettes/Datasaurus.html)," -" which demonstrates how very differently-looking sets of measurements can" -" become indistinguishable when described by a small set of summary " +" which demonstrates how very differently-looking sets of measurements can " +"become indistinguishable when described by a small set of summary " "statistics. The best way to minimize this risk is to start by visually " -"exploring the data whenever possible, and carefully checking any " -"underlying assumptions of the dimensionality reduction method being used " -"to ensure that they hold for the considered data. Dimensionality " -"reduction may also enhance and reveal patterns that are not biologically " -"relevant, due to noise or systematic artifacts in the original data (see " -"Batch effect correction section below). In addition to applying " -"normalization and batch correction to the data prior to reducing " -"dimensionality, some dimensionality reduction methods also offer so-" -"called regularization strategies to mitigate this. In the end, any " -"pattern identified in dimension-reduced data should be considered while " -"keeping in mind the biological context of the data in order to interpret " -"the results appropriately." -msgstr "" +"exploring the data whenever possible, and carefully checking any underlying " +"assumptions of the dimensionality reduction method being used to ensure that" +" they hold for the considered data. Dimensionality reduction may also " +"enhance and reveal patterns that are not biologically relevant, due to noise" +" or systematic artifacts in the original data (see Batch effect correction " +"section below). In addition to applying normalization and batch correction " +"to the data prior to reducing dimensionality, some dimensionality reduction " +"methods also offer so-called regularization strategies to mitigate this. In " +"the end, any pattern identified in dimension-reduced data should be " +"considered while keeping in mind the biological context of the data in order" +" to interpret the results appropriately." +msgstr "" +"Bien que la réduction de la dimensionnalité puisse être très utile pour " +"l'exploration et l'analyse des données, elle peut également effacer des " +"informations ou une structure pertinente pour le problème étudié. Ceci est " +"bien illustré par le [jeu de données " +"Datasaurus](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/datasauRus/vignettes/Datasaurus.html)," +" qui montre comment des ensembles de mesures très différents peuvent devenir" +" indiscernables lorsqu'il est décrit par un petit ensemble de statistiques " +"sommaires. La meilleure façon de minimiser ce risque est de commencer par " +"explorer visuellement les données chaque fois que possible et de vérifier " +"soigneusement toutes les hypothèses sous-jacentes de la méthode de réduction" +" de dimensionnalité utilisée pour s'assurer qu'elles sont valables pour les " +"données considérées. La réduction de la dimensionnalité peut également " +"améliorer et révéler des modèles qui ne sont pas biologiquement pertinents, " +"en raison du bruit ou des artefacts systématiques dans les données d'origine" +" (voir la section Correction de l'effet de lot ci-dessous). En plus " +"d'appliquer la normalisation et la correction par lots aux données avant de " +"réduire la dimensionnalité, certaines méthodes de réduction de la " +"dimensionnalité offrent également des stratégies dites de régularisation " +"pour atténuer cela. En fin de compte, tout modèle identifié dans les données" +" à dimension réduite doit être pris en compte tout en gardant à l'esprit le " +"contexte biologique des données afin d'interpréter les résultats de manière " +"appropriée." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:26 msgid "" @@ -461,110 +650,176 @@ msgid "" "Tour](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220416606_Dimension_Reduction_A_Guided_Tour)" " {cite}`Burges2010-fi`" msgstr "" +"📖 [Dimension Reduction : Une visite " +"guidée](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220416606_Dimension_Reduction_A_Guided_Tour)" +" {cite}`Burges2010-fi`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:27 msgid "" "💻 [UMAP introduction and Python implementation](https://umap-" "learn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html)" msgstr "" +"💻 [Introduction UMAP et implémentation Python](https://umap-" +"learn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:28 msgid "" "💻 [t-SNE Python implementation](https://scikit-" "learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.manifold.TSNE.html)" msgstr "" +"💻 [implémentation Python t-SNE] (https://scikit-" +"learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.manifold.TSNE.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:32 msgid "Batch correction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Correction par lots" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:35 msgid "" "Batch effects are systematic variations across samples correlated with " -"experimental conditions (such as different times of the day, different " -"days of the week, or different experimental tools) that are not related " -"to the biological process of interest. Batch effects must be mitigated " -"prior to making comparisons across several datasets as they impact the " +"experimental conditions (such as different times of the day, different days " +"of the week, or different experimental tools) that are not related to the " +"biological process of interest. Batch effects must be mitigated prior to " +"making comparisons across several datasets as they impact the " "reproducibility and reliability of computational analysis and can " "dramatically bias conclusions. Algorithms for batch effect correction " -"address this by identifying and quantifying sources of technical " -"variation, and adjusting the data so that these are minimized while the " -"biological signal is preserved. Most batch effect correction methods were" -" originally developed for microarray data and sequencing data, but can be" -" adapted to feature vectors extracted from images." -msgstr "" +"address this by identifying and quantifying sources of technical variation, " +"and adjusting the data so that these are minimized while the biological " +"signal is preserved. Most batch effect correction methods were originally " +"developed for microarray data and sequencing data, but can be adapted to " +"feature vectors extracted from images." +msgstr "" +"Les effets de lot sont des variations systématiques entre les échantillons " +"corrélées aux conditions expérimentales (telles que différents moments de la" +" journée, différents jours de la semaine ou différents outils expérimentaux)" +" qui ne sont pas liées au processus biologique d'intérêt. Les effets de lot " +"doivent être atténués avant d'effectuer des comparaisons entre plusieurs " +"ensembles de données, car ils ont un impact sur la reproductibilité et la " +"fiabilité de l'analyse informatique et peuvent considérablement biaiser les " +"conclusions. Les algorithmes de correction de l'effet de lot résolvent ce " +"problème en identifiant et en quantifiant les sources de variation technique" +" et en ajustant les données de manière à ce qu'elles soient minimisées tout " +"en préservant le signal biologique. La plupart des méthodes de correction " +"d'effet de lot ont été développées à l'origine pour les données de " +"microréseaux et les données de séquençage, mais peuvent être adaptées aux " +"vecteurs de caractéristiques extraits des images." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:38 msgid "" "Two of the most used methods for batch effect correction are ComBat and " -"Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), depending on whether the sources of " -"batch effects are known a priori or not. In a nutshell, ComBat involves " -"three steps: 1) dividing the data into known batches, 2) estimating batch" -" effect by fitting a linear model that includes the batch as a covariate " -"and 3) adjusting the data by removing the estimated effect of the batch " -"from each data point. In contrast, SVA aims at identifying \"surrogate " -"variables\" that capture unknown sources of variability in the data. The " -"surrogate variables can be estimated relying on linear algebra methods " -"(such as singular value decomposition) or through a Bayesian factor " -"analysis model. SVA has been demonstrated to reduce unobserved sources of" -" variability and is therefore of particular help when identifying " -"possible causes of batch effects is challenging, but comes at a higher " -"computational cost than ComBat." -msgstr "" +"Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), depending on whether the sources of batch" +" effects are known a priori or not. In a nutshell, ComBat involves three " +"steps: 1) dividing the data into known batches, 2) estimating batch effect " +"by fitting a linear model that includes the batch as a covariate and 3) " +"adjusting the data by removing the estimated effect of the batch from each " +"data point. In contrast, SVA aims at identifying \"surrogate variables\" " +"that capture unknown sources of variability in the data. The surrogate " +"variables can be estimated relying on linear algebra methods (such as " +"singular value decomposition) or through a Bayesian factor analysis model. " +"SVA has been demonstrated to reduce unobserved sources of variability and is" +" therefore of particular help when identifying possible causes of batch " +"effects is challenging, but comes at a higher computational cost than " +"ComBat." +msgstr "" +"Deux des méthodes les plus utilisées pour la correction des effets de lot " +"sont ComBat et Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), selon que les sources des " +"effets de lot sont connues a priori ou non. En un mot, ComBat implique trois" +" étapes : 1) diviser les données en lots connus, 2) estimer l'effet de lot " +"en ajustant un modèle linéaire qui inclut le lot comme covariable et 3) " +"ajuster les données en supprimant l'effet estimé du lot de chaque point de " +"données. En revanche, la SVA vise à identifier des « variables de " +"substitution » qui capturent des sources inconnues de variabilité dans les " +"données. Les variables de substitution peuvent être estimées en s'appuyant " +"sur des méthodes d'algèbre linéaire (telles que la décomposition en valeurs " +"singulières) ou via un modèle d'analyse factorielle bayésienne. Il a été " +"démontré que la SVA réduit les sources de variabilité non observées et est " +"donc particulièrement utile lorsqu'il est difficile d'identifier les causes " +"possibles des effets de lot, mais a un coût de calcul plus élevé que ComBat." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:41 msgid "" "As important as it is for analysis, batch effect correction can go wrong " -"when too much or too little of it is done. Both over- and under-" -"correction can happen when methods are not used properly or when their " -"underlying assumptions are not met. As a result, either biological " -"signals can be removed (in the case of over-correction) or irrelevant " -"sources of variation can remain (in the case of under-correction) - both " -"potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions. Batch effect correction " -"can be particularly tricky when the biological variation of interest is " -"suspected to confound with the batch. In this case in particular " -"(although always a good approach), the first lines of fight against batch" -" effects should be thought-through experimental design and careful " -"quality control, as well as visual exploration of the " -"data{cite}`Lord2020-sp`. Plotting data batch-by-batch before applying any" -" correction can help confirm (or infirm) that the observed trends are " -"similar across batches." -msgstr "" +"when too much or too little of it is done. Both over- and under-correction " +"can happen when methods are not used properly or when their underlying " +"assumptions are not met. As a result, either biological signals can be " +"removed (in the case of over-correction) or irrelevant sources of variation " +"can remain (in the case of under-correction) - both potentially leading to " +"inaccurate conclusions. Batch effect correction can be particularly tricky " +"when the biological variation of interest is suspected to confound with the " +"batch. In this case in particular (although always a good approach), the " +"first lines of fight against batch effects should be thought-through " +"experimental design and careful quality control, as well as visual " +"exploration of the data{cite}`Lord2020-sp`. Plotting data batch-by-batch " +"before applying any correction can help confirm (or infirm) that the " +"observed trends are similar across batches." +msgstr "" +"Aussi importante soit-elle pour l'analyse, la correction de l'effet de lot " +"peut mal tourner lorsqu'elle est trop ou trop peu effectuée. Une sur-" +"correction et une sous-correction peuvent se produire lorsque les méthodes " +"ne sont pas utilisées correctement ou lorsque leurs hypothèses sous-jacentes" +" ne sont pas satisfaites. En conséquence, soit les signaux biologiques " +"peuvent être supprimés (en cas de sur-correction), soit des sources de " +"variation non pertinentes peuvent subsister (en cas de sous-correction), les" +" deux pouvant conduire à des conclusions inexactes. La correction de l'effet" +" de lot peut être particulièrement délicate lorsque la variation biologique " +"d'intérêt est suspectée de se confondre avec le lot. Dans ce cas en " +"particulier (bien que toujours une bonne approche), les premières lignes de " +"lutte contre les effets de lot doivent être une conception expérimentale " +"réfléchie et un contrôle qualité minutieux, ainsi qu'une exploration " +"visuelle des données{cite}`Lord2020-sp`. Le traçage des données lot par lot " +"avant d'appliquer une correction peut aider à confirmer (ou à infirmer) que " +"les tendances observées sont similaires d'un lot à l'autre." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:49 msgid "" "📄 [Why Batch Effects Matter in Omics Data, and How to Avoid " "Them](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.02.012) {cite}`Goh2017-kd`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Pourquoi les effets de lot sont importants dans les données Omics et " +"comment les éviter] (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.02.012) " +"{cite}`Goh2017-kd`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:50 msgid "" "💻 [pyComBat (ComBat Python " "implementation)](https://epigenelabs.github.io/pyComBat/)" msgstr "" +"💻 [pyComBat (implémentation Python " +"ComBat)](https://epigenelabs.github.io/pyComBat/)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:51 msgid "" -"📄 [The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted " -"variation in high-throughput " +"📄 [The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation " +"in high-throughput " "experiments](https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts034) " "{cite}`Leek2012-rv`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Le package sva pour supprimer les effets de lot et autres variations " +"indésirables dans les expériences à haut " +"débit](https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts034) {cite}`Leek2012-rv`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:55 msgid "Normality testing" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Test de normalité" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:58 msgid "" "Normality testing is about assessing whether data follow a Gaussian (or " -"nomal) distribution. Because the Gaussian distribution is frequently " -"found in nature and has important mathematical properties, normality is a" -" core assumption in many widely-used statistical tests. When this " -"assumption is violated, their conclusions may not hold or be flawed. " -"Normality testing is therefore an important step of the data analysis " -"pipeline prior to any sort of statistical testing." -msgstr "" +"nomal) distribution. Because the Gaussian distribution is frequently found " +"in nature and has important mathematical properties, normality is a core " +"assumption in many widely-used statistical tests. When this assumption is " +"violated, their conclusions may not hold or be flawed. Normality testing is " +"therefore an important step of the data analysis pipeline prior to any sort " +"of statistical testing." +msgstr "" +"Le test de normalité consiste à évaluer si les données suivent une " +"distribution gaussienne (ou nominale). Étant donné que la distribution " +"gaussienne se trouve fréquemment dans la nature et possède des propriétés " +"mathématiques importantes, la normalité est une hypothèse de base dans de " +"nombreux tests statistiques largement utilisés. Lorsque cette hypothèse est " +"violée, leurs conclusions peuvent ne pas tenir ou être erronées. Le test de " +"normalité est donc une étape importante du pipeline d'analyse des données " +"avant tout type de test statistique." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:61 msgid "" @@ -573,229 +828,68 @@ msgid "" "readout, statistical methods such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) and " "Shapiro-Wilk tests (among many others) report how much the observed data " "distribution deviates from a Gaussian. These tests usually return and a " -"p-value linked to the hypothesis that the data are sampled from a " -"Gaussian distribution. A high p-value indicates that the data are not " -"inconsistent with a normal distribution, but is not sufficient to prove " -"that they indeed follow a Gaussian. A p-values smaller than a pre-defined" -" significance threshold (usually 0.05) indicates that the data are not " -"sampled from a normal distribution." -msgstr "" +"p-value linked to the hypothesis that the data are sampled from a Gaussian " +"distribution. A high p-value indicates that the data are not inconsistent " +"with a normal distribution, but is not sufficient to prove that they indeed " +"follow a Gaussian. A p-values smaller than a pre-defined significance " +"threshold (usually 0.05) indicates that the data are not sampled from a " +"normal distribution." +msgstr "" +"La normalité d'une distribution de données peut être évaluée qualitativement" +" par traçage, par exemple en s'appuyant sur un histogramme. Pour une lecture" +" plus quantitative, des méthodes statistiques telles que les tests de " +"Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) et de Shapiro-Wilk (parmi beaucoup d'autres) " +"indiquent dans quelle mesure la distribution des données observées s'écarte " +"d'une gaussienne. Ces tests renvoient généralement et une valeur de p liée à" +" l'hypothèse que les données sont échantillonnées à partir d'une " +"distribution gaussienne. Une valeur de p élevée indique que les données ne " +"sont pas incompatibles avec une distribution normale, mais n'est pas " +"suffisante pour prouver qu'elles suivent bien une gaussienne. Une valeur de " +"p inférieure à un seuil de signification prédéfini (généralement 0,05) " +"indique que les données ne sont pas échantillonnées à partir d'une " +"distribution normale." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:65 msgid "" -"Although lots of the “standard” statistical methods have been designed " -"with a normnality assumption, alternative approaches exist for non-" -"normally-ditributed data. Many biological processes result in multimodal " -"“states” (for instance differentiation) that are inherently not Gaussian." -" Normality testing should therefore not be mistaken for a quality " -"assessment of the data: it merely informs on the types of tools that are " -"appropriate to use when analyzing them." -msgstr "" +"Although lots of the “standard” statistical methods have been designed with " +"a normnality assumption, alternative approaches exist for non-normally-" +"ditributed data. Many biological processes result in multimodal “states” " +"(for instance differentiation) that are inherently not Gaussian. Normality " +"testing should therefore not be mistaken for a quality assessment of the " +"data: it merely informs on the types of tools that are appropriate to use " +"when analyzing them." +msgstr "" +"Bien que de nombreuses méthodes statistiques \"standard\" aient été conçues " +"avec une hypothèse de normalité, des approches alternatives existent pour " +"les données non distribuées normalement. De nombreux processus biologiques " +"aboutissent à des « états » multimodaux (par exemple la différenciation) qui" +" ne sont pas gaussiens par nature. Le test de normalité ne doit donc pas " +"être confondu avec une évaluation de la qualité des données : il renseigne " +"simplement sur les types d'outils qu'il convient d'utiliser pour les " +"analyser." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:68 msgid "" -"📖 [Modern statistics for modern biology](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/)" -" {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" +"📖 [Modern statistics for modern biology](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/) " +"{cite}`Holmes2019-no`" msgstr "" +"📖 [Statistiques modernes pour la biologie " +"moderne](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/) {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:69 msgid "" -"💻 [To get started with statistical analysis: " -"R](https://www.r-project.org/)" +"💻 [To get started with statistical analysis: R](https://www.r-project.org/)" msgstr "" +"💻 [Pour débuter avec l'analyse statistique : R](https://www.r-project.org/)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:70 msgid "" "💻 [To do statistics in Python: " "scipy.stats](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/stats.html)" msgstr "" +"💻 [Pour faire des statistiques en Python : " +"scipy.stats](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/stats.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/_notinyet_Presentation_graphs.md:1 msgid "Presentation of graphs" -msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Quantitative data is often summarized " -#~ "and analysed with statistical methods " -#~ "and visualized with plots/graphs/diagrams. " -#~ "Statistical methods reveal quantitative " -#~ "trends, patterns, and outliers in data," -#~ " while plots and graphs help to " -#~ "convey them to audiences. Carrying out" -#~ " a suitable statistical analysis and " -#~ "choosing a suitable chart type for " -#~ "your data, identifying their potential " -#~ "pitfalls, and faithfully realising the " -#~ "analysis or generating the chart with" -#~ " suitable softwares are essential to " -#~ "back up experimental conclusions with " -#~ "data and reach communication goals." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Dimensionality reduction (also called " -#~ "dimension reduction) aims at mapping " -#~ "high-dimensional data onto a lower " -#~ "dimensional space in order to better " -#~ "reveal trends and patterns. Algorithms " -#~ "performing this task attempt to retain" -#~ " as much information as possible when" -#~ " reducing the dimensionality of the " -#~ "data: this is achieved by assigning " -#~ "importance scores to individual features, " -#~ "removing redundancies, and identifying " -#~ "uninformative (for instance constant) " -#~ "features. Dimensionality reduction is an " -#~ "important step in quantitative analysis " -#~ "as it makes data more manageable " -#~ "and easier to visualize. It is " -#~ "also an important preprocessing step in" -#~ " many downstream analysis algorithms, such" -#~ " as machine learning classifiers." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The most traditional dimensionality reduction" -#~ " techniques is principal component analysis" -#~ " (PCA). In a nutshell, PCA recovers" -#~ " a linear transformation of the input" -#~ " data into a new coordinate system" -#~ " (the principal components) that " -#~ "concentrates variation into its first " -#~ "axes. This is achieved relying on " -#~ "classical linear algebra, by computing " -#~ "an eigendecomposition of the covariance " -#~ "matrix of the data. As a result," -#~ " the first 2 or 3 principal " -#~ "components provide a low-dimensional " -#~ "version of the data distribution that" -#~ " is faithful to the variance that " -#~ "was originally present. More advanced " -#~ "dimensionality reduction methods that are " -#~ "popular in biology include t-distributed " -#~ "stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and " -#~ "Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection" -#~ " (UMAP). In contrast to PCA, these" -#~ " methods are non-linear and can " -#~ "therefore exploit more complex relationships" -#~ " between features when building the " -#~ "lower-dimensional representation. This however" -#~ " comes at a cost: both t-SNE " -#~ "and UMAP are stochastic, meaning that" -#~ " the results they produce are highly" -#~ " dependent on the choice of " -#~ "hyperparameters and can differ across " -#~ "different runs." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Although reducing dimensionality can be " -#~ "very useful for data exploration and " -#~ "analysis, it may also wipe information" -#~ " or structure that is relevant to " -#~ "the problem being studied. The best " -#~ "way to minimize this risk is to" -#~ " carefully check any underlying assumptions" -#~ " of the method being used, and " -#~ "ensure that they hold for the " -#~ "considered data. Dimensionality reduction may" -#~ " also enhance and reveal patterns " -#~ "that are not biologically relevant, due" -#~ " to noise or systematic artifacts in" -#~ " the original data (see Batch effect" -#~ " correction section below). In addition " -#~ "to applying normalization and batch " -#~ "correction to the data prior to " -#~ "reducing dimensionality, some dimensionality " -#~ "reduction methods also offer so-called" -#~ " regularization strategies to mitigate " -#~ "this. In the end, any pattern " -#~ "identified in dimension-reduced data " -#~ "should be considered while keeping in" -#~ " mind the biological context of the" -#~ " data in order to interpret the " -#~ "results appropriately." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Batch effects are systematic variations " -#~ "across samples correlated with experimental" -#~ " conditions (such as different time " -#~ "of the day, different days of the" -#~ " week, or different experimental tools) " -#~ "and that are not related to the" -#~ " biological process of interest. Batch " -#~ "effects must be mitigated prior to " -#~ "making comparisons across several datasets " -#~ "as they impact the reproducibility and" -#~ " reliability of computational analysis and" -#~ " can dramatically bias conclusions. " -#~ "Algorithms for batch effect correction " -#~ "address this by identifying and " -#~ "quantifying sources of technical variation," -#~ " and adjusting the data so that " -#~ "these are minimized while biological " -#~ "signal is preserved. Most batch effect" -#~ " correction methods were originally " -#~ "developed for microarray data and " -#~ "sequencing data, but can be adapted " -#~ "to feature vectors extracted from " -#~ "images." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Two of the most used methods for" -#~ " batch effect correction are ComBat " -#~ "and Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), " -#~ "depending on whether the sources of " -#~ "batch effects is known a priori or" -#~ " not. In a nutshell, ComBat involves" -#~ " three steps: 1) dividing the data" -#~ " into known batches, 2) estimating " -#~ "batch effect by fitting a linear " -#~ "model that includes the batch as a" -#~ " covariatem and 3) adjusting the data" -#~ " by removing the estimated effect of" -#~ " the batch from each data point. " -#~ "In contrast, SVA aims at identifying " -#~ "\"surrogate variables\" that capture unknown" -#~ " sources of variability in the data." -#~ " The surrogate variables can be " -#~ "estimated relying on linear algebra " -#~ "methods (such as singular value " -#~ "decomposition) or through a Bayesian " -#~ "factor analysis model. SVA has been " -#~ "demonstrated to reduce unobserved sources " -#~ "of variability and is therefore of " -#~ "particular help when identifying possible " -#~ "causes of batch effects is challenging," -#~ " but comes at a higher computational" -#~ " cost than ComBat." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "As important as it is for " -#~ "analysis, batch effect correction can go" -#~ " wrong when too much or too " -#~ "little of it is done. Both over-" -#~ " and under-correction can happen when" -#~ " methods are not used properly or " -#~ "when their underlying assumptions are " -#~ "not met. As a result, either " -#~ "biological signal can be removed (in " -#~ "the case of over-correction) or " -#~ "irrelevant sources of variation can " -#~ "remain (in the case of under-" -#~ "correction) - both potentially leading " -#~ "to inaccurate conclusions. Batch effect " -#~ "correction can be particularly tricky " -#~ "when the biological variation of " -#~ "interest is suspected to confound with" -#~ " the batch. In this cases in " -#~ "particular (although always a good " -#~ "approach), the first line of fight " -#~ "against batch effects should be " -#~ "thought-through experimental design and " -#~ "careful quality control." -#~ msgstr "" - +msgstr "Présentation des graphiques" From 16d0818bc81ace98e0bf19eb8373ae881e3105ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 12:39:44 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 11/76] Translate 01_Sample_preparation.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '01_Sample_preparation.pot' on 'fr'. --- .../fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po | 896 ++++++++++++------ 1 file changed, 603 insertions(+), 293 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po index d8d0888eb..3576221e6 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po @@ -1,84 +1,120 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-05-19 07:07-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.10.3\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:1 msgid "Considerations for different sample types" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Considérations pour différents types d'échantillons" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:3 msgid "" -"There are many different options for types of samples to image, and " -"advances in sample preparation techniques and imaging modalities are " -"continually enabling the imaging of more diverse and complex biological " -"specimens. As with many other aspects of experimental design, sample type" -" selection comes with tradeoffs. Samples that are amenable to simple " -"preparation and imaging tend to be small, thin, and relatively clear, " -"like a monolayer of cultured cells. Such samples have obvious advantages " -"and can be imaged in a high-throughput manner, but they're not suitable " -"for every biological question. Sometimes a thicker specimen, like an " -"organoid, or whole or sectioned tissue is needed, especially when the " -"biological question involves interactions between different types of " -"cells. Carefully consider what biological context is appropriate for your" -" question and what measurements you'd ultimately like to be able to make." -" Below, we summarize some common sample types" -msgstr "" - -#: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md +"There are many different options for types of samples to image, and advances" +" in sample preparation techniques and imaging modalities are continually " +"enabling the imaging of more diverse and complex biological specimens. As " +"with many other aspects of experimental design, sample type selection comes " +"with tradeoffs. Samples that are amenable to simple preparation and imaging " +"tend to be small, thin, and relatively clear, like a monolayer of cultured " +"cells. Such samples have obvious advantages and can be imaged in a high-" +"throughput manner, but they're not suitable for every biological question. " +"Sometimes a thicker specimen, like an organoid, or whole or sectioned tissue" +" is needed, especially when the biological question involves interactions " +"between different types of cells. Carefully consider what biological context" +" is appropriate for your question and what measurements you'd ultimately " +"like to be able to make. Below, we summarize some common sample types" +msgstr "" +"Il existe de nombreuses options différentes pour les types d'échantillons à " +"imager, et les progrès des techniques de préparation d'échantillons et des " +"modalités d'imagerie permettent continuellement l'imagerie d'échantillons " +"biologiques plus divers et plus complexes. Comme pour de nombreux autres " +"aspects de la conception expérimentale, la sélection du type d'échantillon " +"s'accompagne de compromis. Les échantillons qui se prêtent à une préparation" +" et à une imagerie simples ont tendance à être petits, minces et " +"relativement clairs, comme une monocouche de cellules cultivées. De tels " +"échantillons présentent des avantages évidents et peuvent être imagés à haut" +" débit, mais ils ne conviennent pas à toutes les questions biologiques. " +"Parfois, un spécimen plus épais, comme un organoïde, ou un tissu entier ou " +"sectionné est nécessaire, en particulier lorsque la question biologique " +"implique des interactions entre différents types de cellules. Considérez " +"soigneusement quel contexte biologique est approprié pour votre question et " +"quelles mesures vous aimeriez finalement pouvoir faire. Ci-dessous, nous " +"résumons quelques types d'échantillons courants" + +#: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:0 msgid "🤔 What are my options?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🤔 Quelles sont mes options ?" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:7 msgid "" -"Here we present some major categories for sample types. Note that there " -"are not hard boundaries between these different categories (e.g., both " -"cells and organoids can be cultured in 3D, many of these specimens can be" -" imaged live or after {term}`fixation`), but some general advantages and " -"disadvantages are summarized below." +"Here we present some major categories for sample types. Note that there are " +"not hard boundaries between these different categories (e.g., both cells and" +" organoids can be cultured in 3D, many of these specimens can be imaged live" +" or after {term}`fixation`), but some general advantages and disadvantages " +"are summarized below." msgstr "" +"Nous présentons ici quelques catégories principales pour les types " +"d'échantillons. Notez qu'il n'y a pas de frontières strictes entre ces " +"différentes catégories (par exemple, les cellules et les organoïdes peuvent " +"être cultivés en 3D, beaucoup de ces spécimens peuvent être imagés en direct" +" ou après {term}`fixation`), mais certains avantages et inconvénients " +"généraux sont résumés ci-dessous." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:11 msgid "**Cultured cells**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Cellules cultivées**" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:13 msgid "" -"Many different types of cells can be cultured, or grown in a dish. Cells " -"can be grown in a monoculture, with only one cell type, or in a co-" -"culture with multiple cell types." +"Many different types of cells can be cultured, or grown in a dish. Cells can" +" be grown in a monoculture, with only one cell type, or in a co-culture with" +" multiple cell types." msgstr "" +"De nombreux types de cellules différents peuvent être cultivés ou cultivés " +"dans une boîte. Les cellules peuvent être cultivées dans une monoculture, " +"avec un seul type de cellule, ou dans une co-culture avec plusieurs types de" +" cellules." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:15 #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:31 #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:49 #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:67 msgid "_Advantages_" -msgstr "" +msgstr "_Avantages_" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:17 msgid "" -"Cultured cells tend to be relatively simple to image and for many " -"questions can be imaged with widefield microscopy (see " +"Cultured cells tend to be relatively simple to image and for many questions " +"can be imaged with widefield microscopy (see " "[Acquisition](content/microscope_selection)), which is faster and more " "accessible than confocal or superresolution methods. Additionally, high-" "throughput microscopes integrated with robotics can enable automation of " "experiments and imaging with cultured cells." msgstr "" +"Les cellules cultivées ont tendance à être relativement simples à imager et," +" pour de nombreuses questions, peuvent être imagées avec la microscopie à " +"champ large (voir [Acquisition] (content/microscope_selection)), qui est " +"plus rapide et plus accessible que les méthodes confocales ou de " +"superrésolution. De plus, les microscopes à haut débit intégrés à la " +"robotique peuvent permettre l'automatisation des expériences et de " +"l'imagerie avec des cellules cultivées." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:19 msgid "" @@ -86,225 +122,357 @@ msgid "" "complex specimens like organoids or whole organisms, compressing the " "timeline to perform an experiment" msgstr "" +"Les cellules peuvent être congelées, décongelées et développées beaucoup " +"plus rapidement que de travailler avec des spécimens plus complexes comme " +"des organoïdes ou des organismes entiers, ce qui comprime la chronologie " +"pour effectuer une expérience" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:21 #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:37 #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:55 #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:71 msgid "_Disadvantages_" -msgstr "" +msgstr "_Désavantages_" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:23 msgid "" -"Most applications in microscopy require imaging through a glass coverslip" -" of a specific thickness and tolerance. However, many cell types do not " -"survive or cannot grow on glass and require additional coatings and " -"manipulations of the coverslip to ensure the health of the sample. As an " -"alternative some companies manufacture imaging chambers (multi well " -"plates, 35 mm dishes…) with proprietary polymers that have similar " -"properties to glass (optical polymers), thus enabling high resolution " -"imaging. It is imperative to understand whether the immersion oil used " -"during imaging affects the integrity of these polymers, as the solvents " -"in some immersion media can crack or dissolve the polymer layer." -msgstr "" +"Most applications in microscopy require imaging through a glass coverslip of" +" a specific thickness and tolerance. However, many cell types do not survive" +" or cannot grow on glass and require additional coatings and manipulations " +"of the coverslip to ensure the health of the sample. As an alternative some " +"companies manufacture imaging chambers (multi well plates, 35 mm dishes…) " +"with proprietary polymers that have similar properties to glass (optical " +"polymers), thus enabling high resolution imaging. It is imperative to " +"understand whether the immersion oil used during imaging affects the " +"integrity of these polymers, as the solvents in some immersion media can " +"crack or dissolve the polymer layer." +msgstr "" +"La plupart des applications en microscopie nécessitent une imagerie à " +"travers une lamelle de verre d'une épaisseur et d'une tolérance spécifiques." +" Cependant, de nombreux types de cellules ne survivent pas ou ne peuvent pas" +" se développer sur du verre et nécessitent des revêtements supplémentaires " +"et des manipulations de la lamelle pour assurer la santé de l'échantillon. " +"Comme alternative, certaines entreprises fabriquent des chambres d'imagerie " +"(plaques multi-puits, plats de 35 mm…) avec des polymères propriétaires qui " +"ont des propriétés similaires au verre (polymères optiques), permettant " +"ainsi une imagerie à haute résolution. Il est impératif de comprendre si " +"l'huile d'immersion utilisée lors de l'imagerie affecte l'intégrité de ces " +"polymères, car les solvants de certains milieux d'immersion peuvent fissurer" +" ou dissoudre la couche de polymère." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:27 msgid "**Organoids**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Organoïdes**" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:29 msgid "" -"Organoids are cultured cells that are grown in 3D to mimic the structure " -"and sometimes functions of organs. Organoids are typically grown from " -"stem cells that self-organize into a more complex structure, including " +"Organoids are cultured cells that are grown in 3D to mimic the structure and" +" sometimes functions of organs. Organoids are typically grown from stem " +"cells that self-organize into a more complex structure, including " "differentiating into different cell types. Organoids are well suited to " -"questions of development, modeling disease, and for understanding tissue " -"and organ regeneration." +"questions of development, modeling disease, and for understanding tissue and" +" organ regeneration." msgstr "" +"Les organoïdes sont des cellules cultivées qui sont cultivées en 3D pour " +"imiter la structure et parfois les fonctions des organes. Les organoïdes " +"sont généralement cultivés à partir de cellules souches qui s'auto-" +"organisent en une structure plus complexe, notamment en se différenciant en " +"différents types de cellules. Les organoïdes sont bien adaptés aux questions" +" de développement, de modélisation des maladies et de compréhension de la " +"régénération des tissus et des organes." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:33 msgid "" -"Because organoids contain multiple cell types and reflect some structure " -"and cell relationships seen in organs _in vivo_, they are well-suited to " -"more complex questions about disease and cell-cell interactions. They can" -" also be used to model processes and structures that are necessarily 3D " -"and not recapitulated well in a flat layer of cells, like many " -"developmental processes." -msgstr "" +"Because organoids contain multiple cell types and reflect some structure and" +" cell relationships seen in organs _in vivo_, they are well-suited to more " +"complex questions about disease and cell-cell interactions. They can also be" +" used to model processes and structures that are necessarily 3D and not " +"recapitulated well in a flat layer of cells, like many developmental " +"processes." +msgstr "" +"Parce que les organoïdes contiennent plusieurs types de cellules et " +"reflètent certaines structures et relations cellulaires observées dans les " +"organes _in vivo_, ils sont bien adaptés à des questions plus complexes sur " +"les maladies et les interactions cellule-cellule. Ils peuvent également être" +" utilisés pour modéliser des processus et des structures qui sont " +"nécessairement en 3D et qui ne sont pas bien récapitulées dans une couche " +"plate de cellules, comme de nombreux processus de développement." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:35 msgid "" -"Organoids can be made from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from " -"human or animal samples, and thus can model disease processes specific to" -" a given human donor." +"Organoids can be made from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human" +" or animal samples, and thus can model disease processes specific to a given" +" human donor." msgstr "" +"Les organoïdes peuvent être fabriqués à partir de cellules souches " +"pluripotentes induites (iPSC) à partir d'échantillons humains ou animaux, et" +" peuvent ainsi modéliser des processus pathologiques spécifiques à un " +"donneur humain donné." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:39 msgid "" -"Organoids can take more complex resources and protocols to grow and can " -"take more time than just growing cultured cells on glass or plastic." +"Organoids can take more complex resources and protocols to grow and can take" +" more time than just growing cultured cells on glass or plastic." msgstr "" +"Les organoïdes peuvent nécessiter des ressources et des protocoles plus " +"complexes pour se développer et peuvent prendre plus de temps que la simple " +"culture de cellules cultivées sur du verre ou du plastique." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:41 msgid "" "Because organoids are 3D structures, they often are not amenable to " -"widefield imaging and may require spinning disk or point-scanning " -"confocal microscopy." +"widefield imaging and may require spinning disk or point-scanning confocal " +"microscopy." msgstr "" +"Étant donné que les organoïdes sont des structures 3D, ils ne se prêtent " +"souvent pas à l'imagerie à champ large et peuvent nécessiter un disque " +"rotatif ou une microscopie confocale à balayage ponctuel." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:45 msgid "**Tissue**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Tissu**" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:47 msgid "" -"Tissues are formed when cells act together to perform a specific " -"function. Tissues can be cultured by taking a piece of an animal or plant" -" and allowing it to continue to survive and grow in a dish. Tissues can " -"also be harvested from plants or animals and stained for the presence of " -"different molecules. Tissues are typically cut into pieces (aka " -"{term}`tissue sectioning`), and can be fixed, fresh, or frozen, or even " -"alive in {term}`ex-vivo imaging`." -msgstr "" +"Tissues are formed when cells act together to perform a specific function. " +"Tissues can be cultured by taking a piece of an animal or plant and allowing" +" it to continue to survive and grow in a dish. Tissues can also be harvested" +" from plants or animals and stained for the presence of different molecules." +" Tissues are typically cut into pieces (aka {term}`tissue sectioning`), and " +"can be fixed, fresh, or frozen, or even alive in {term}`ex-vivo imaging`." +msgstr "" +"Les tissus se forment lorsque les cellules agissent ensemble pour remplir " +"une fonction spécifique. Les tissus peuvent être cultivés en prenant un " +"morceau d'un animal ou d'une plante et en lui permettant de continuer à " +"survivre et à se développer dans un plat. Les tissus peuvent également être " +"récoltés à partir de plantes ou d'animaux et colorés pour la présence de " +"différentes molécules. Les tissus sont généralement coupés en morceaux " +"(alias {term}`section de tissus`), et peuvent être fixés, frais ou congelés," +" ou même vivants dans {term}`imagerie ex-vivo`." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:51 msgid "" "Tissues have more intact cell-cell interactions that are generally more " "representative of what happens _in vivo_ than in cell culture." msgstr "" +"Les tissus ont des interactions cellule-cellule plus intactes qui sont " +"généralement plus représentatives de ce qui se passe _in vivo_ qu'en culture" +" cellulaire." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:53 msgid "" -"Repositories of donated human tissues enable biomedical research to study" -" a diverse sample of patients with a particular disease." +"Repositories of donated human tissues enable biomedical research to study a " +"diverse sample of patients with a particular disease." msgstr "" +"Les dépôts de tissus humains donnés permettent à la recherche biomédicale " +"d'étudier un échantillon diversifié de patients atteints d'une maladie " +"particulière." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:57 msgid "" "Primary cells and tissues tend to be sensitive to environment than " -"immortalized cell lines and can be more difficult to grow and may require" -" specialized protocols depending on cell type." +"immortalized cell lines and can be more difficult to grow and may require " +"specialized protocols depending on cell type." msgstr "" +"Les cellules et les tissus primaires ont tendance à être sensibles à " +"l'environnement que les lignées cellulaires immortalisées et peuvent être " +"plus difficiles à cultiver et peuvent nécessiter des protocoles spécialisés " +"en fonction du type de cellule." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:59 msgid "" "Tissues harvested from a whole animal or plant require time for the " "development and growth of that specimen before harvesting." msgstr "" +"Les tissus prélevés sur un animal ou une plante entière nécessitent du temps" +" pour le développement et la croissance de ce spécimen avant la récolte." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:63 msgid "**Whole organism / embryo**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Organisme entier / embryon**" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:65 msgid "" -"Some whole organisms are thin and transparent enough to image. Some " -"animals also have near-transparent embryonic stages, like the zebrafish. " +"Some whole organisms are thin and transparent enough to image. Some animals " +"also have near-transparent embryonic stages, like the zebrafish. " "Additionally, {term}`intravital imaging` is the imaging of cellular " "structures or biological processes inside a live animal in real time, " -"without extracting the organs or fixing the sample. In general, it " -"requires specific instrumentation or modalities with improved light " -"penetration, such as multiphoton microscopy and is limited to the ability" -" to access the specific organ, often through optical windows." -msgstr "" +"without extracting the organs or fixing the sample. In general, it requires " +"specific instrumentation or modalities with improved light penetration, such" +" as multiphoton microscopy and is limited to the ability to access the " +"specific organ, often through optical windows." +msgstr "" +"Certains organismes entiers sont suffisamment minces et transparents pour " +"être imagés. Certains animaux ont également des stades embryonnaires presque" +" transparents, comme le poisson zèbre. De plus, {term}\"l'imagerie " +"intravitale\" est l'imagerie des structures cellulaires ou des processus " +"biologiques à l'intérieur d'un animal vivant en temps réel, sans extraire " +"les organes ni fixer l'échantillon. En général, cela nécessite une " +"instrumentation ou des modalités spécifiques avec une meilleure pénétration " +"de la lumière, comme la microscopie multiphotonique et se limite à la " +"capacité d'accéder à l'organe spécifique, souvent à travers des fenêtres " +"optiques." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:69 msgid "" "Imaging whole organisms or embyros provides the most possible intact " "biological context when studying a particular process or structure." msgstr "" +"L'imagerie d'organismes entiers ou d'embryons fournit le contexte biologique" +" intact le plus possible lors de l'étude d'un processus ou d'une structure " +"particulière." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:73 msgid "" "Imaging of thicker specimens may require processing ({term}`tissue " -"clearing`) of the sample to make its {term}`refractive index` match that " -"of the imaging media and reduce absorption and scattering of light." +"clearing`) of the sample to make its {term}`refractive index` match that of " +"the imaging media and reduce absorption and scattering of light." msgstr "" +"L'imagerie d'échantillons plus épais peut nécessiter un traitement " +"(nettoyage des tissus) de l'échantillon pour que son indice de réfraction " +"corresponde à celui du support d'imagerie et réduise l'absorption et la " +"diffusion de la lumière." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:75 msgid "" "Intravital imaging often requires specific surgical techniques and is " -"overseen by bioethical committees and needs to be approved by IACUC " -"and/or other institutional committees." +"overseen by bioethical committees and needs to be approved by IACUC and/or " +"other institutional committees." msgstr "" +"L'imagerie intravitale nécessite souvent des techniques chirurgicales " +"spécifiques et est supervisée par des comités de bioéthique et doit être " +"approuvée par l'IACUC et/ou d'autres comités institutionnels." -#: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md +#: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:0 msgid "⚠️ Where can things go wrong?" msgstr "" +" ⚠️ Où les choses peuvent-elles mal " +"tourner ?" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:80 msgid "" -"**Photobleaching and phototoxicity** - Photobleaching can be defined as " -"the irreversible destruction of a fluorophore in its excited state, " -"meaning, that fluorophore will not be able to emit more light and the " -"fluorescence signal will therefore degrade over time, affecting signal to" -" noise ratio and intensity measurements. In order to minimize " -"photobleaching during acquisition, there are a number of photobleaching " -"reagent agents that can be added to the media. These agents minimize " -"photobleaching of fluorophores to a different extent, and therefore it is" -" important to contact the manufacturer to ensure they are optimal for the" -" specific fluorophore. For example addition of oxygen scavengers to the " -"imaging media such as glucose oxidase or pyranose 2-oxidase can " -"significantly reduce photobleaching. It is important to understand that " -"the use of {term}`oxygen scavengers` may affect live cell imaging, as " -"these scavengers can affect the ATP and oxygen levels within the sample, " -"compromising its health and therefore biological function." -msgstr "" +"**Photobleaching and phototoxicity** - Photobleaching can be defined as the " +"irreversible destruction of a fluorophore in its excited state, meaning, " +"that fluorophore will not be able to emit more light and the fluorescence " +"signal will therefore degrade over time, affecting signal to noise ratio and" +" intensity measurements. In order to minimize photobleaching during " +"acquisition, there are a number of photobleaching reagent agents that can be" +" added to the media. These agents minimize photobleaching of fluorophores to" +" a different extent, and therefore it is important to contact the " +"manufacturer to ensure they are optimal for the specific fluorophore. For " +"example addition of oxygen scavengers to the imaging media such as glucose " +"oxidase or pyranose 2-oxidase can significantly reduce photobleaching. It is" +" important to understand that the use of {term}`oxygen scavengers` may " +"affect live cell imaging, as these scavengers can affect the ATP and oxygen " +"levels within the sample, compromising its health and therefore biological " +"function." +msgstr "" +"**Photoblanchiment et phototoxicité** - Le photoblanchiment peut être défini" +" comme la destruction irréversible d'un fluorophore dans son état excité, ce" +" qui signifie que le fluorophore ne pourra pas émettre plus de lumière et " +"que le signal de fluorescence se dégradera donc avec le temps, affectant le " +"rapport signal/bruit mesures de rapport et d'intensité. Afin de minimiser le" +" photoblanchiment lors de l'acquisition, il existe un certain nombre " +"d'agents réactifs de photoblanchiment qui peuvent être ajoutés au support. " +"Ces agents minimisent le photoblanchiment des fluorophores dans une mesure " +"différente, et il est donc important de contacter le fabricant pour " +"s'assurer qu'ils sont optimaux pour le fluorophore spécifique. Par exemple, " +"l'ajout de désoxygénants aux supports d'imagerie tels que la glucose oxydase" +" ou la pyranose 2-oxydase peut réduire considérablement le photoblanchiment." +" Il est important de comprendre que l'utilisation de piégeurs d'oxygène " +"{term} peut affecter l'imagerie des cellules vivantes, car ces piégeurs " +"peuvent affecter les niveaux d'ATP et d'oxygène dans l'échantillon, " +"compromettant sa santé et donc sa fonction biologique." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:82 msgid "" -"**Cells are dying** - Fluorescent light induces DNA damage and oxidation " -"of cellular components (phototoxicity). In addition, fluorophore " -"photobleaching can further induce phototoxicity by creating reactive " -"oxygen species (ROS). The addition of antioxidants and removal of certain" -" molecules (e.g., riboflavin) from the imaging media can reduce the ROS " -"produced during imaging, improving the health of the " -"sample.{cite}`Stockley2017`" -msgstr "" +"**Cells are dying** - Fluorescent light induces DNA damage and oxidation of " +"cellular components (phototoxicity). In addition, fluorophore photobleaching" +" can further induce phototoxicity by creating reactive oxygen species (ROS)." +" The addition of antioxidants and removal of certain molecules (e.g., " +"riboflavin) from the imaging media can reduce the ROS produced during " +"imaging, improving the health of the sample.{cite}`Stockley2017`" +msgstr "" +"**Les cellules meurent** - La lumière fluorescente induit des dommages à " +"l'ADN et l'oxydation des composants cellulaires (phototoxicité). De plus, le" +" photoblanchiment des fluorophores peut induire davantage de phototoxicité " +"en créant des espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ROS). L'ajout d'antioxydants " +"et l'élimination de certaines molécules (par exemple, la riboflavine) du " +"support d'imagerie peuvent réduire les ROS produites pendant l'imagerie, " +"améliorant ainsi la santé de l'échantillon.{cite}`Stockley2017`" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:85 msgid "" "**My fixed cells don't looked as expected** - Fixation can change the " -"localization and fluorescence of different proteins. Where possible, " -"always compare the distribution of a protein or molecule of interest with" -" and without fixation. Also consider whether a different {term}`fixation`" -" method may be more appropriate for your specimen." -msgstr "" +"localization and fluorescence of different proteins. Where possible, always " +"compare the distribution of a protein or molecule of interest with and " +"without fixation. Also consider whether a different {term}`fixation` method " +"may be more appropriate for your specimen." +msgstr "" +"**Mes cellules fixées ne ressemblent pas à mes attentes** - La fixation peut" +" modifier la localisation et la fluorescence de différentes protéines. Dans " +"la mesure du possible, comparez toujours la distribution d'une protéine ou " +"d'une molécule d'intérêt avec et sans fixation. Demandez-vous également si " +"une autre méthode de fixation peut être plus appropriée pour votre " +"échantillon." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:88 msgid "" -"**My sample is too opaque** - Thicker specimens, like thick tissue " -"sections, pigmented cells, or whole organisms can be challenging to image" -" due to light absorption and scattering induced by the inhomogeneities in" -" {term}`refractive index` within the tissue itself, resulting in poor " -"light penetration. To facilitate imaging of tissues, researchers often " -"cut thick tissues into slices of different thicknesses. This process is " -"called tissue sectioning. In most cases the samples are fixed and " -"embedded in paraffin or frozen in tissue freezing medium and later cut " -"into thin slices by a machine like a cryostat, microtome, or vibratome " -"and sections collected into a tube or onto a slide. Alternatively, most " -"components in any complex biological system such as an organ are not " -"contained within this two-dimensional volume, and therefore, this " -"approach compromises the understanding of the spatial relationships among" -" cellular components. Tissue clearing focused on reducing the " -"inhomogeneities in the tissue by equilibrating the {term}`refractive " -"index` throughout the sample. This allows light to pass through the " -"tissue and therefore enables high resolution, volumetric imaging of whole" -" organs and tissues using conventional microscopy techniques such as " -"confocal microscopy without the need to physically section the sample." -msgstr "" - -#: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md +"**My sample is too opaque** - Thicker specimens, like thick tissue sections," +" pigmented cells, or whole organisms can be challenging to image due to " +"light absorption and scattering induced by the inhomogeneities in " +"{term}`refractive index` within the tissue itself, resulting in poor light " +"penetration. To facilitate imaging of tissues, researchers often cut thick " +"tissues into slices of different thicknesses. This process is called tissue " +"sectioning. In most cases the samples are fixed and embedded in paraffin or " +"frozen in tissue freezing medium and later cut into thin slices by a machine" +" like a cryostat, microtome, or vibratome and sections collected into a tube" +" or onto a slide. Alternatively, most components in any complex biological " +"system such as an organ are not contained within this two-dimensional " +"volume, and therefore, this approach compromises the understanding of the " +"spatial relationships among cellular components. Tissue clearing focused on " +"reducing the inhomogeneities in the tissue by equilibrating the " +"{term}`refractive index` throughout the sample. This allows light to pass " +"through the tissue and therefore enables high resolution, volumetric imaging" +" of whole organs and tissues using conventional microscopy techniques such " +"as confocal microscopy without the need to physically section the sample." +msgstr "" +"**Mon échantillon est trop opaque** - Les échantillons plus épais, comme les" +" coupes de tissus épais, les cellules pigmentées ou les organismes entiers " +"peuvent être difficiles à imager en raison de l'absorption et de la " +"diffusion de la lumière induites par les inhomogénéités de l'indice de " +"réfraction {term} dans le tissu lui-même, entraînant une mauvaise " +"pénétration de la lumière. Pour faciliter l'imagerie des tissus, les " +"chercheurs coupent souvent les tissus épais en tranches d'épaisseurs " +"différentes. Ce processus est appelé sectionnement des tissus. Dans la " +"plupart des cas, les échantillons sont fixés et inclus dans de la paraffine " +"ou congelés dans un milieu de congélation tissulaire, puis coupés en fines " +"tranches par une machine telle qu'un cryostat, un microtome ou un vibratome " +"et des sections collectées dans un tube ou sur une lame. Alternativement, la" +" plupart des composants de tout système biologique complexe tel qu'un organe" +" ne sont pas contenus dans ce volume bidimensionnel et, par conséquent, " +"cette approche compromet la compréhension des relations spatiales entre les " +"composants cellulaires. La compensation des tissus s'est concentrée sur la " +"réduction des inhomogénéités dans le tissu en équilibrant l'indice de " +"réfraction {term} dans tout l'échantillon. Cela permet à la lumière de " +"traverser le tissu et permet donc une imagerie volumétrique à haute " +"résolution d'organes et de tissus entiers à l'aide de techniques de " +"microscopie conventionnelles telles que la microscopie confocale sans qu'il " +"soit nécessaire de sectionner physiquement l'échantillon." + +#: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:0 msgid "📚🤷‍♀️ Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📚🤷‍♀️ Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:94 -#, python-format msgid "" "📄 [Organoids " "Primer](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43586-022-00174-y#:~:text=An%20organoid%20is%20a%20self,%2C9%2C10%2C11.)" " {cite}`Zhao2022-rm`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Organoids " +"Primer](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43586-022-00174-y#:~:text=An%20organoid%20is%20a%20self,%2C9%2" +" C10%2C11.) {cite}`Zhao2022-rm`" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:95 msgid "" @@ -312,65 +480,91 @@ msgid "" "microscopy](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0313-9) " "{cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Tutoriel : conseils pour la microscopie confocale " +"quantitative](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0313-9) " +"{cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Considerations.md:96 msgid "" -"📄 [Hypothesis-driven quantitative fluorescence microscopy - the " -"importance of reverse-thinking in experimental " +"📄 [Hypothesis-driven quantitative fluorescence microscopy - the importance " +"of reverse-thinking in experimental " "design](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33154172/) {cite}`Wait2020-gq`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Microscopie de fluorescence quantitative basée sur des hypothèses - " +"l'importance de la réflexion inversée dans la conception expérimentale] " +"(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33154172/) {cite}`Wait2020-gq`" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:1 msgid "Experimental design decisions" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Décisions de conception expérimentale" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:3 msgid "" -"A number of critical decisions must be made when designing a quantitative" -" bioimaging experiment. Many of these decisions will be deeply dependent " -"on what is possible given the biology you wish to study, for example:" +"A number of critical decisions must be made when designing a quantitative " +"bioimaging experiment. Many of these decisions will be deeply dependent on " +"what is possible given the biology you wish to study, for example:" msgstr "" +"Un certain nombre de décisions critiques doivent être prises lors de la " +"conception d'une expérience de bioimagerie quantitative. Bon nombre de ces " +"décisions dépendront profondément de ce qui est possible compte tenu de la " +"biologie que vous souhaitez étudier, par exemple :" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:4 msgid "" -"You will always prefer live imaging to fixed imaging if it is important " -"to assess the dynamics of a given process" +"You will always prefer live imaging to fixed imaging if it is important to " +"assess the dynamics of a given process" msgstr "" +"Vous préférerez toujours l'imagerie en direct à l'imagerie fixe s'il est " +"important d'évaluer la dynamique d'un processus donné" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:5 msgid "" -"You may need to perform special processes such as tissue clearing if it " -"is important to image deep into a relatively opaque specimen" +"You may need to perform special processes such as tissue clearing if it is " +"important to image deep into a relatively opaque specimen" msgstr "" +"Vous devrez peut-être effectuer des processus spéciaux tels que le nettoyage" +" des tissus s'il est important d'imager profondément dans un échantillon " +"relativement opaque" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:6 msgid "" -"You cannot rely on genetic tagging with fluorescent proteins if your " -"model system is not genetically tractable to such manipulations" +"You cannot rely on genetic tagging with fluorescent proteins if your model " +"system is not genetically tractable to such manipulations" msgstr "" +"Vous ne pouvez pas compter sur le marquage génétique avec des protéines " +"fluorescentes si votre système modèle n'est pas génétiquement réceptif à de " +"telles manipulations" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:7 msgid "" -"You have to image at a particularly high resolution to confidently assess" -" interactions between two molecules imaged in the same system" +"You have to image at a particularly high resolution to confidently assess " +"interactions between two molecules imaged in the same system" msgstr "" +"Vous devez imager à une résolution particulièrement élevée pour évaluer en " +"toute confiance les interactions entre deux molécules imagées dans le même " +"système" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:9 msgid "" "It is therefore _**extremely**_ important to think through all of the " -"aspects of your biological question before ever picking up a pipette or a" -" slide. Many sample preparation decisions are deeply entwined with the " +"aspects of your biological question before ever picking up a pipette or a " +"slide. Many sample preparation decisions are deeply entwined with the " "availability and suitability of particular microscopes; see [that " "section](content/microscope_selection) for more information." msgstr "" +"Il est donc _**extrêmement**_ important de réfléchir à tous les aspects de " +"votre question biologique avant même de prendre une pipette ou une lame. De " +"nombreuses décisions de préparation d'échantillons sont étroitement liées à " +"la disponibilité et à l'adéquation de microscopes particuliers ; voir [cette" +" section](content/microscope_selection) pour plus d'informations." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:11 msgid "Mounting" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Montage" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:13 msgid "Glass coverslips" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Lamelles en verre" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:15 msgid "" @@ -378,276 +572,373 @@ msgid "" "directly or using a coverslip mounted into a dish. While there is a wide " "range of coverslip sizes and shapes, the most important attribute is the " "coverslip thickness. Coverslip grade dictates the expected thickness and " -"tolerance. These factors are important because most microscope " -"manufacturers assume a specific coverslip thickness (0.17mm) in the " -"design of objective lenses to minimize aberrations. These aberrations " -"tend to affect the brightness and axial resolution, reducing signal to " -"noise ratio, sharpness, and resolution. The tolerance of the coverslip " -"(to minimize the variability in thickness) is essential for super-" -"resolution techniques or intensity measurements in images collected with " -"high numerical aperture objectives. Other applications do not require the" -" mounting of samples onto glass or plastic but instead have the sample " -"and the objective lens immersed in the same medium." -msgstr "" +"tolerance. These factors are important because most microscope manufacturers" +" assume a specific coverslip thickness (0.17mm) in the design of objective " +"lenses to minimize aberrations. These aberrations tend to affect the " +"brightness and axial resolution, reducing signal to noise ratio, sharpness, " +"and resolution. The tolerance of the coverslip (to minimize the variability " +"in thickness) is essential for super-resolution techniques or intensity " +"measurements in images collected with high numerical aperture objectives. " +"Other applications do not require the mounting of samples onto glass or " +"plastic but instead have the sample and the objective lens immersed in the " +"same medium." +msgstr "" +"De nombreuses applications d'imagerie impliquent le montage sur des lamelles" +" en verre, soit directement, soit à l'aide d'une lamelle montée dans une " +"boîte. Bien qu'il existe une large gamme de tailles et de formes de " +"lamelles, l'attribut le plus important est l'épaisseur de la lamelle. Le " +"grade de lamelle dicte l'épaisseur et la tolérance attendues. Ces facteurs " +"sont importants car la plupart des fabricants de microscopes supposent une " +"épaisseur de lamelle spécifique (0,17 mm) dans la conception des lentilles " +"d'objectif afin de minimiser les aberrations. Ces aberrations ont tendance à" +" affecter la luminosité et la résolution axiale, réduisant le rapport signal" +" sur bruit, la netteté et la résolution. La tolérance de la lamelle (pour " +"minimiser la variabilité de l'épaisseur) est essentielle pour les techniques" +" de super-résolution ou les mesures d'intensité dans les images collectées " +"avec des objectifs à grande ouverture numérique. D'autres applications ne " +"nécessitent pas le montage d'échantillons sur du verre ou du plastique, mais" +" ont plutôt l'échantillon et la lentille d'objectif immergés dans le même " +"milieu." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:17 msgid "Comparison of coverslip grades" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comparaison des grades de lamelles" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:21 msgid "Grade" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Grade" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:22 msgid "Nominal thickness [mm]" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Épaisseur nominale [mm]" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:23 msgid "Thickness range [mm]" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Gamme d'épaisseur [mm]" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:24 msgid "#1.5" -msgstr "" +msgstr "#1.5" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:25 #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:28 msgid "0.17" -msgstr "" +msgstr "0,17" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:26 msgid "0.16 - 0.19" -msgstr "" +msgstr "0,16 - 0,19" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:27 msgid "#1.5H" -msgstr "" +msgstr "#1.5H" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:29 msgid "0.165 - 0.175" -msgstr "" +msgstr "0,165 - 0,175" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:32 msgid "Mounting media" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Support de montage" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:34 msgid "" "The {term}`refractive index` the sample is placed in, as well as the " -"refractive index of the glass and the medium between the objective and " -"the sample are all critical to determining the achievable resolution. The" -" {term}`mounting media` can have other important optical and/or " -"experimental properties; it is important to use the correct mounting " -"media for experiment planned." -msgstr "" +"refractive index of the glass and the medium between the objective and the " +"sample are all critical to determining the achievable resolution. The " +"{term}`mounting media` can have other important optical and/or experimental " +"properties; it is important to use the correct mounting media for experiment" +" planned." +msgstr "" +"L'indice de réfraction dans lequel l'échantillon est placé, ainsi que " +"l'indice de réfraction du verre et du milieu entre l'objectif et " +"l'échantillon sont tous essentiels pour déterminer la résolution réalisable." +" Le \"support de montage\" {term} peut avoir d'autres propriétés optiques " +"et/ou expérimentales importantes ; il est important d'utiliser le bon " +"support de montage pour l'expérience prévue." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:43 msgid "effects of mounting media" -msgstr "" +msgstr "effets des supports de montage" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:43 msgid "" -"**Effects of mounting media on staining with various fluorophores**. " -"Adapted from Jonkman J., Brown C.M., Wright G.D _et al_. Tutorial: " -"guidance for quantitative confocal microscopy. _Nat Prot_ **15**, (2020) " +"**Effects of mounting media on staining with various fluorophores**. Adapted" +" from Jonkman J., Brown C.M., Wright G.D _et al_. Tutorial: guidance for " +"quantitative confocal microscopy. _Nat Prot_ **15**, (2020) " "{cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" msgstr "" +"**Effets des milieux de montage sur la coloration avec divers " +"fluorophores**. Adapté de Jonkman J., Brown C.M., Wright G.D _et al_. " +"Tutoriel : conseils pour la microscopie confocale quantitative. _Nat Prot_ " +"**15**, (2020) {cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:46 msgid "Fluorophore selection" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Sélection de fluorophores" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:48 msgid "" -"Fluorophores are molecules that are able to emit light upon absorption of" -" a photon, typically of shorter wavelength. The fluorophores relevant to " -"biomedical research can be small molecules organic dyes (FITC, Alexa " -"Fluor 488) that bind specific cell structure (e.g., DAPI, MitoTracker), " +"Fluorophores are molecules that are able to emit light upon absorption of a " +"photon, typically of shorter wavelength. The fluorophores relevant to " +"biomedical research can be small molecules organic dyes (FITC, Alexa Fluor " +"488) that bind specific cell structure (e.g., DAPI, MitoTracker), " "fluorescent analogues of small molecules (e.g., phalloidin, fluorescent " -"amino acids) or fluorescent proteins. Some of the important properties to" -" consider when choosing fluorophores are listed below:" -msgstr "" +"amino acids) or fluorescent proteins. Some of the important properties to " +"consider when choosing fluorophores are listed below:" +msgstr "" +"Les fluorophores sont des molécules capables d'émettre de la lumière lors de" +" l'absorption d'un photon, généralement de longueur d'onde plus courte. Les " +"fluorophores pertinents pour la recherche biomédicale peuvent être des " +"colorants organiques à petites molécules (FITC, Alexa Fluor 488) qui se " +"lient à une structure cellulaire spécifique (par exemple, DAPI, " +"MitoTracker), des analogues fluorescents de petites molécules (par exemple, " +"la phalloïdine, des acides aminés fluorescents) ou des protéines " +"fluorescentes. Certaines des propriétés importantes à prendre en compte lors" +" du choix des fluorophores sont énumérées ci-dessous :" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:50 msgid "Excitation/emission spectra of each fluorophore" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Spectres d'excitation/émission de chaque fluorophore" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:51 msgid "Brightness (dyes tend to be brighter than proteins)" msgstr "" +"Luminosité (les colorants ont tendance à être plus brillants que les " +"protéines)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:52 msgid "Photostability" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Photostabilité" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:53 msgid "Propensity to oligomerize (in the case of fluorescent proteins)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Propension à s'oligomériser (dans le cas des protéines fluorescentes)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:54 msgid "Phototoxicity (when imaging in live samples)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Phototoxicité (lors de l'imagerie dans des échantillons vivants)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Experimental_design.md:56 msgid "" "Understanding fluorophores, microscope specifications (light source, " -"filters, detector), and analysis goals are key in selecting the " -"appropriate fluorophore(s) to address a scientific question. See the " -"section on [reproducibility](content/reproducibility) for more " -"information." +"filters, detector), and analysis goals are key in selecting the appropriate " +"fluorophore(s) to address a scientific question. See the section on " +"[reproducibility](content/reproducibility) for more information." msgstr "" +"Comprendre les fluorophores, les spécifications du microscope (source de " +"lumière, filtres, détecteur) et les objectifs d'analyse sont essentiels pour" +" sélectionner le ou les fluorophores appropriés pour répondre à une question" +" scientifique. Voir la section [reproductibilité](contenu/reproductibilité) " +"pour plus d'informations." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Introduction.md:1 msgid "Introduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Introduction" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Introduction.md:3 msgid "" -"A good image starts at the bench. The best performing instrument will not" -" produce rigorous, reproducible or high quality data unless sample " +"A good image starts at the bench. The best performing instrument will not " +"produce rigorous, reproducible or high quality data unless sample " "preparation has been optimized. To design a rigorous and reproducible " -"microscopy experiment, it is critical to identify the goal of the " -"experiment and understand the factors that impact the image. This " -"information informs researchers about how to prepare the sample, what " -"minimal controls and corrections are needed, how to choose the " -"appropriate instrumentation, optimize acquisition, analyze and present " -"microscopy data." -msgstr "" +"microscopy experiment, it is critical to identify the goal of the experiment" +" and understand the factors that impact the image. This information informs " +"researchers about how to prepare the sample, what minimal controls and " +"corrections are needed, how to choose the appropriate instrumentation, " +"optimize acquisition, analyze and present microscopy data." +msgstr "" +"Une bonne image commence au banc. L'instrument le plus performant ne " +"produira pas de données rigoureuses, reproductibles ou de haute qualité à " +"moins que la préparation des échantillons n'ait été optimisée. Pour " +"concevoir une expérience de microscopie rigoureuse et reproductible, il est " +"essentiel d'identifier le but de l'expérience et de comprendre les facteurs " +"qui influent sur l'image. Ces informations informent les chercheurs sur la " +"façon de préparer l'échantillon, sur les contrôles et corrections minimaux " +"nécessaires, sur la manière de choisir l'instrumentation appropriée, " +"d'optimiser l'acquisition, d'analyser et de présenter les données de " +"microscopie." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Introduction.md:5 msgid "" "Here we will discuss some of the key choices you will make during sample " -"preparation, including selecting your sample type and fluorophore (if " -"you're performing fluorescence microscopy). We also discuss some minimal " -"controls necessary for interpreting your results." +"preparation, including selecting your sample type and fluorophore (if you're" +" performing fluorescence microscopy). We also discuss some minimal controls " +"necessary for interpreting your results." msgstr "" +"Ici, nous discuterons de certains des choix clés que vous ferez lors de la " +"préparation de l'échantillon, y compris la sélection de votre type " +"d'échantillon et de votre fluorophore (si vous effectuez une microscopie à " +"fluorescence). Nous discutons également de certains contrôles minimaux " +"nécessaires à l'interprétation de vos résultats." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Reproducibility.md:1 msgid "Reproducibility" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Reproductibilité" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Reproducibility.md:5 msgid "" "A number of factors are critical in designing a reproducible microscopy " -"experiment. A few critical factors are laid out here; see other works " -"such as {cite}`Jost2019-nx`" +"experiment. A few critical factors are laid out here; see other works such " +"as {cite}`Jost2019-nx`" msgstr "" +"Un certain nombre de facteurs sont essentiels dans la conception d'une " +"expérience de microscopie reproductible. Quelques facteurs critiques sont " +"présentés ici; voir d'autres œuvres telles que {cite}`Jost2019-nx`" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Reproducibility.md:7 msgid "Antibody validation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Validation des anticorps" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Reproducibility.md:9 msgid "" "While in a perfect world, antibodies would always be specific to a " "particular target, unfortunately, this cannot always be relied upon when " -"performing {term}`immunolabeling`. {cite}`Uhlen2016-wy` When possible, " -"one should perform knockout and/or knockdown controls to confirm antibody" -" specificity; where not, look for availability of another antibody to a " -"different part of the target molecule (sometimes called the _epitope_) " -"and confirm you get consistent localization." -msgstr "" +"performing {term}`immunolabeling`. {cite}`Uhlen2016-wy` When possible, one " +"should perform knockout and/or knockdown controls to confirm antibody " +"specificity; where not, look for availability of another antibody to a " +"different part of the target molecule (sometimes called the _epitope_) and " +"confirm you get consistent localization." +msgstr "" +"Alors que dans un monde parfait, les anticorps seraient toujours spécifiques" +" à une cible particulière, malheureusement, on ne peut pas toujours s'y fier" +" lors de l'exécution d'un {term}`immunomarquage`. {cite}`Uhlen2016-wy` " +"Lorsque cela est possible, il convient d'effectuer des contrôles " +"d'inactivation et/ou d'inactivation pour confirmer la spécificité des " +"anticorps ; sinon, recherchez la disponibilité d'un autre anticorps pour une" +" partie différente de la molécule cible (parfois appelée _épitope_) et " +"confirmez que vous obtenez une localisation cohérente." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Reproducibility.md:11 msgid "" -"Optimizing your {term}`blocking` and {term}`permeabilization` conditions " -"for the particular antibody and protocol can reduce non-specific " -"background. No-primary-antibody controls should always be performed as " -"well, as they are essential for validating signal specificity." +"Optimizing your {term}`blocking` and {term}`permeabilization` conditions for" +" the particular antibody and protocol can reduce non-specific background. " +"No-primary-antibody controls should always be performed as well, as they are" +" essential for validating signal specificity." msgstr "" +"L'optimisation de vos conditions de blocage et d'{term} \"perméabilisation\"" +" pour l'anticorps et le protocole particuliers peut réduire le fond non " +"spécifique. Les contrôles sans anticorps primaires doivent toujours être " +"effectués également, car ils sont essentiels pour valider la spécificité du " +"signal." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Reproducibility.md:13 msgid "Fluorescent protein localization validation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Validation de la localisation des protéines fluorescentes" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Reproducibility.md:15 -#, python-format msgid "" "Expression of fluorescently-tagged proteins can make localization of a " -"molecule or structure possible, especially when no good antibody exist " -"for immunolabeling and/or it will be helpful to observe the molecule's " -"behavior in live cells. While a study comparing overlap between the same " -"molecular targets with fluorescent proteins vs antibodies found 80% " -"overlap, they also found that some considerations (such as whether the C-" -" or N- terminus of a protein is tagged) may cause changes in " -"localization. {cite}`Stadler2013`. A recent paper {cite}`Sittewelle2023` " -"surveys considerations for genetic tagging of molecules for live " -"microscopy." -msgstr "" +"molecule or structure possible, especially when no good antibody exist for " +"immunolabeling and/or it will be helpful to observe the molecule's behavior " +"in live cells. While a study comparing overlap between the same molecular " +"targets with fluorescent proteins vs antibodies found 80% overlap, they also" +" found that some considerations (such as whether the C- or N- terminus of a " +"protein is tagged) may cause changes in localization. {cite}`Stadler2013`. A" +" recent paper {cite}`Sittewelle2023` surveys considerations for genetic " +"tagging of molecules for live microscopy." +msgstr "" +"L'expression de protéines marquées par fluorescence peut rendre possible la " +"localisation d'une molécule ou d'une structure, en particulier lorsqu'il " +"n'existe aucun bon anticorps pour l'immunomarquage et/ou qu'il sera utile " +"d'observer le comportement de la molécule dans des cellules vivantes. Alors " +"qu'une étude comparant le chevauchement entre les mêmes cibles moléculaires " +"avec des protéines fluorescentes et des anticorps a révélé un chevauchement " +"de 80 %, ils ont également constaté que certaines considérations (telles que" +" le marquage de l'extrémité C ou N d'une protéine) peuvent entraîner des " +"changements de localisation. {cite}`Stadler2013`. Un article récent " +"{cite}`Sittewelle2023` examine les considérations relatives au marquage " +"génétique de molécules pour la microscopie vivante." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Reproducibility.md:18 msgid "Bleedthrough" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Saigner à travers" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Reproducibility.md:20 msgid "" -"When performing multicolor fluorescence microscopy, it is critical to " -"choose fluorophores with sufficiently distinct excitation and emission " -"spectra; online tools such as FPbase {cite}`Lambert2019-xl` can help with" -" such selections, especially if you know the various optical components " -"of the microscope on which you will be imaging your samples (these " -"configurations can be saved and shared on FPbase; ask the maintainer of " -"the microscope you plan to use if such a configuration file is already " -"online). Even if you believe your fluorophores are sufficiently " -"separated, it is critical to check single-color fluorescent controls " -"using the same imaging conditions (and preferably on the same day) as " -"your multicolor controls to be certain no bleedthrough is occurring; it " -"is _mandatory_ to do this if you are planning to measure " -"[colocalization](content/colocalization)." -msgstr "" +"When performing multicolor fluorescence microscopy, it is critical to choose" +" fluorophores with sufficiently distinct excitation and emission spectra; " +"online tools such as FPbase {cite}`Lambert2019-xl` can help with such " +"selections, especially if you know the various optical components of the " +"microscope on which you will be imaging your samples (these configurations " +"can be saved and shared on FPbase; ask the maintainer of the microscope you " +"plan to use if such a configuration file is already online). Even if you " +"believe your fluorophores are sufficiently separated, it is critical to " +"check single-color fluorescent controls using the same imaging conditions " +"(and preferably on the same day) as your multicolor controls to be certain " +"no bleedthrough is occurring; it is _mandatory_ to do this if you are " +"planning to measure [colocalization](content/colocalization)." +msgstr "" +"Lors de l'exécution de la microscopie à fluorescence multicolore, il est " +"essentiel de choisir des fluorophores avec des spectres d'excitation et " +"d'émission suffisamment distincts ; des outils en ligne tels que FPbase " +"{cite}`Lambert2019-xl` peuvent vous aider dans ces sélections, surtout si " +"vous connaissez les différents composants optiques du microscope sur lequel " +"vous allez imager vos échantillons (ces configurations peuvent être " +"enregistrées et partagées sur FPbase ; demandez au mainteneur du microscope " +"que vous comptez utiliser si un tel fichier de configuration est déjà en " +"ligne). Même si vous pensez que vos fluorophores sont suffisamment séparés, " +"il est essentiel de vérifier les contrôles fluorescents monochromes en " +"utilisant les mêmes conditions d'imagerie (et de préférence le même jour) " +"que vos contrôles multicolores pour être certain qu'aucun saignement ne se " +"produit ; il est _obligatoire_ de le faire si vous envisagez de mesurer la " +"[colocalisation](contenu/colocalisation)." #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:1 msgid "Resources for learning more" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Des ressources pour en savoir plus" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:8 msgid "**Resource Name**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:9 msgid "**Link**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Lien**" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:10 msgid "**Brief description**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Brève description**" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:11 msgid "🌐 Microforum" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Microforum" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:12 msgid "[link](https://forum.microlist.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://forum.microlist.org/)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:13 msgid "" "An online forum for discussing issues with and getting advice on sample " "preparation and microscopy" msgstr "" +"Un forum en ligne pour discuter des problèmes et obtenir des conseils sur la" +" préparation des échantillons et la microscopie" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:14 msgid "🌐 FPbase {cite}`Lambert2019-xl`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 FPbase {cite}`Lambert2019-xl`" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:15 msgid "[link](https://www.fpbase.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.fpbase.org/)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:16 msgid "" -"Database for identifying fluorophores by brightness, spectra and " -"assessing compatibility with other fluorophores and with microscope " -"filters" +"Database for identifying fluorophores by brightness, spectra and assessing " +"compatibility with other fluorophores and with microscope filters" msgstr "" +"Base de données pour identifier les fluorophores par luminosité, spectres et" +" évaluer la compatibilité avec d'autres fluorophores et avec des filtres de " +"microscope" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:17 msgid "🌐 Bio-protocol" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Bio-protocole" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:18 msgid "[link](https://bio-protocol.org/en/about )" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://bio-protocol.org/en/about )" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:19 msgid "" @@ -655,52 +946,71 @@ msgid "" "protocols associated with work published elsewhere. All protocols are " "available under an open access license (CC BY or CC BY-NC)" msgstr "" +"Site Web pour rechercher des protocoles dans toutes les disciplines " +"biologiques, y compris des protocoles associés à des travaux publiés " +"ailleurs. Tous les protocoles sont disponibles sous une licence en libre " +"accès (CC BY ou CC BY-NC)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:20 msgid "🌐 protocolos.io" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 protocolos.io" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:21 msgid "[link](https://www.protocols.io/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.protocols.io/)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:22 msgid "A secure platform for developing and sharing reproducible methods" msgstr "" +"Une plateforme sécurisée pour développer et partager des méthodes " +"reproductibles" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:23 msgid "" "📄 Designing a rigorous microscopy experiment: Validating methods and " "avoiding bias {cite}`Jost2019-nx`" msgstr "" +"📄 Concevoir une expérience de microscopie rigoureuse : valider les méthodes " +"et éviter les biais {cite}`Jost2019-nx`" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:24 msgid "" -"[link](https://rupress.org/jcb/article/218/5/1452/120908/Designing-a" -"-rigorous-microscopy-experiment)" +"[link](https://rupress.org/jcb/article/218/5/1452/120908/Designing-a-" +"rigorous-microscopy-experiment)" msgstr "" +"[lien](https://rupress.org/jcb/article/218/5/1452/120908/Designing-a-" +"rigorous-microscopy-experiment)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:25 msgid "" "Review of aspects of designing a rigorous light microscopy experiment, " -"including validation of samples and imaging, identification and " -"correction of errors, and strategies to avoid biases" +"including validation of samples and imaging, identification and correction " +"of errors, and strategies to avoid biases" msgstr "" +"Examen des aspects de la conception d'une expérience de microscopie optique " +"rigoureuse, y compris la validation des échantillons et de l'imagerie, " +"l'identification et la correction des erreurs, et les stratégies pour éviter" +" les biais" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:26 msgid "" "📄 Tutorial: guidance for quantitative confocal microscopy " "{cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" msgstr "" +"📄 Tutoriel : conseils pour la microscopie confocale quantitative " +"{cite}`Jonkman2020-bo`" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:27 msgid "[link](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0313-9)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0313-9)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:28 msgid "" -"Step-by-step guidance on practical considerations for sample preparation," -" acquisition, and image analysis; primarily though not exclusively aimed " -"at users of confocal microscopy" +"Step-by-step guidance on practical considerations for sample preparation, " +"acquisition, and image analysis; primarily though not exclusively aimed at " +"users of confocal microscopy" msgstr "" - +"Conseils étape par étape sur les considérations pratiques pour la " +"préparation des échantillons, l'acquisition et l'analyse d'images ; " +"principalement mais non exclusivement destiné aux utilisateurs de la " +"microscopie confocale" From a519b794de1135789082b21ce174225ee61f3339 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 01:52:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 12/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 404cf6443..81d63c278 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ # # Translators: # Beth Cimini, 2023 +# Youssef Chebli, 2023 # #, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ msgstr "" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-06-28 07:29-0400\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Last-Translator: Youssef Chebli, 2023\n" "Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" @@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Sample Preparation" -msgstr "La préparation des échantillons" +msgstr "Préparation des échantillons" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Sample Acquisition" From 6ddab16b1e832a3bfc26920a8edfcadf09886f65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 01:54:49 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 13/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 81d63c278..8f2c07729 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ msgstr "Préparation des échantillons" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Sample Acquisition" -msgstr "Acquisition d'échantillons" +msgstr "Acquisition d'images" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Image Analysis and Data Handling" From 47f0be7ce85671d3489120be0c1e52c2f99a9006 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 02:02:25 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 14/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 8f2c07729..3efbda6f8 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ msgstr "Ressources additionnelles" #: ../../welcome.md:1 msgid "Welcome" -msgstr "Accueillir" +msgstr "Accueil" #: ../../welcome.md:3 msgid "Welcome to the world of bioimaging and bioimage analysis! 🎉" From 4ffc3142f82d7110dbd22dde269b13cf0bd36215 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 02:17:42 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 15/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 3efbda6f8..80f84ce98 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -81,12 +81,12 @@ msgid "" "set of resources for biologists looking to understand the factors that " "impact their fluorescence microscopy experiments." msgstr "" -"Ce livre est un site Web complémentaire à notre article \"[**_Guide du " -"biologiste pour la planification et la réalisation d'expériences de " -"bioimagerie quantitative_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\"" -" {cite}`Senft2023-zy` . Notre objectif est de fournir des recommandations et" -" un ensemble de ressources organisées pour les biologistes qui cherchent à " -"comprendre les facteurs qui influent sur leurs expériences de microscopie à " +"Ce livre est un site Web complémentaire à notre article \"[**_A biologist’s " +"guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " +"experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" " +"{cite}`Senft2023-zy` . Notre objectif est de fournir des recommandations et " +"un ensemble de ressources pour les biologistes qui cherchent à comprendre " +"les facteurs qui ont un impact sur leurs expériences de microscopie à " "fluorescence." #: ../../welcome.md:17 From 4d38ad94d63320f0b545f99b560b7c18f53f75d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 02:42:35 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 16/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 80f84ce98..5948a086b 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -101,14 +101,14 @@ msgid "" "[here](bibliography)). We use icons to indicate the type of resource:" msgstr "" "Ce livre est un effort collaboratif d'experts en biologie, imagerie, analyse" -" d'images et gestion, interprétation et présentation des données. Nos " -"conseils et recommandations sont issus d'expériences réelles de formation et" -" de travail avec des biologistes débutants en bioimagerie et analyse de " -"bioimage. Lorsque vous débutez dans un nouveau domaine, vous ne savez " -"souvent pas ce que vous ne savez pas. Nous fournissons ici un contexte, des " -"conseils pour éviter les erreurs courantes des débutants et une liste ciblée" -" de ressources open source de haute qualité (liste complète disponible [ici]" -" (bibliographie)). Nous utilisons des icônes pour indiquer le type de " +" d'images, gestion, interprétation et présentation des données. Nos conseils" +" et recommandations découlent d'expériences réelles provenant denos " +"interactions avec des biologistes débutants en bioimagerie et en analyse " +"d'images. Lorsque l'on débute dans un nouveau domaine, il est facile " +"d'ignorer ce que l'on ne sait pas. Nous fournissons des explications, des " +"conseils pour éviter les erreurs courrantes de débutants et une liste ciblée" +" de ressources de haute qualité (liste complète disponible [ici] " +"(bibliographie)). Nous utilisons des icônes pour indiquer le type de " "ressource :" #: ../../welcome.md:39 From 045ed6718cc8741f495634bf5ddbcbebbeab9136 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 02:49:15 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 17/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 5948a086b..7a66a3559 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -125,14 +125,14 @@ msgid "" " and [here](https://biii.eu/) {cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`). Our goal is " "to create a more streamlined, beginner-accessible guide." msgstr "" -"Ce livre n'est **pas** censé être une liste exhaustive de toutes les " -"ressources. Beaucoup d'autres ont organisé d'excellentes ressources de ce " -"type (voir " +"Ce livre n'est **pas** une liste exhaustive de toutes les ressources " +"disponibles. De nombreuses autres personnes ont mis au point d'excellentes " +"ressources de ce type (voir " "[ici](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1873-3468.14451) " "{cite}`Haase2022-ad` et [ici](https://www. " "bioimagingnorthamerica.org/training-education-resources/) et " "[ici](https://biii.eu/) {cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`). Notre objectif est " -"de créer un guide plus simple et accessible aux débutants." +"de créer un guide simple et accessible aux débutants." #: ../../welcome.md:42 msgid "" From e3d77f33093e37b2e2717de3657e7fb2b28e7646 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 02:55:39 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 18/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 7a66a3559..515df01a7 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ msgid "" "interpretation are massive topics that we can't exhaustively cover in a " "guide for beginners." msgstr "" -"Ce livre n'est **pas** un protocole ou un guide étape par étape, bien que " -"certaines ressources auxquelles nous sommes liés puissent l'être. Chaque " -"sous-section, de la préparation des échantillons à l'interprétation des " -"données, sont des sujets massifs que nous ne pouvons pas couvrir de manière " -"exhaustive dans un guide pour débutants." +"Ce livre n'est **pas** un protocole ou un guide par étapes, bien que " +"certaines ressources auxquelles nous faisons référence puissent l'être. " +"Chaque sous-section, de la préparation des échantillons à l'interprétation " +"des données, est un vaste sujet qu'il n'est pas possible de couvrir de " +"manière exhaustive dans le cadre d'un guide pour débutants." #: ../../welcome.md:45 msgid "How to use this book:" From 1c4e9c3bb4747b9fc12a67654987430dc1f036d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 03:03:33 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 19/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 515df01a7..6f74cb054 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ msgid "" "started or begin with sample preparation by clicking the \"Next\" button " "below ↘️." msgstr "" -"Veuillez sélectionner une section à l'aide du panneau de navigation sur la " -"gauche pour commencer ou commencer la préparation de l'échantillon en " -"cliquant sur le bouton \"Suivant\" ci-dessous ↘️." +"Sélectionner une section à l'aide du panneau de navigation de gauche pour " +"débuter ou lancez-vous dans la préparation d'échantillons en cliquant sur le" +" bouton \"Suivant\" ci-dessous ↘️." #: ../../welcome.md:48 msgid "" From f9e0e7b9f5e25a04336a5714d6b8ab1e82b424d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 20:59:07 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 20/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 6f74cb054..1115382f2 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ msgid "" "Most sections will guide you through individual subtopics using some or all " "of the following list of questions:" msgstr "" -"La plupart des sections vous guideront à travers des sous-thèmes individuels" -" en utilisant tout ou partie de la liste de questions suivante :" +"La plupart des sections sont divisées en sous-thèmes. Vous serez guidés par " +"la liste de questions suivante :" #: ../../welcome.md:49 msgid "What is it?" From 56e61be7af16da475250864922524db121dc5a56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 20:59:44 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 21/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 1115382f2..7487a4b33 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../welcome.md:49 msgid "What is it?" -msgstr "Qu'est-ce que c'est?" +msgstr "De quoi s'agit-il ?" #: ../../welcome.md:50 msgid "What are my options?" From 7ae1334cb95fa380b11810ea97d8822b83982fa1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:00:14 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 22/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 7487a4b33..58fabdc35 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ msgstr "Quelles sont mes options ?" #: ../../welcome.md:51 msgid "How do I do it?" -msgstr "Comment fait-on ça?" +msgstr "Comment m'y prendre ?" #: ../../welcome.md:52 msgid "Where can things go wrong?" From e21dc91aeb7615fe9d8f8ee24773ca9c3b177bde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:00:34 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 23/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 58fabdc35..167790a35 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ msgstr "Comment m'y prendre ?" #: ../../welcome.md:52 msgid "Where can things go wrong?" -msgstr "Où les choses peuvent-elles mal tourner ?" +msgstr "Où les choses peuvent-elles mal tourner ?" #: ../../welcome.md:53 msgid "Where can I learn more? (links to resources)" From daa6ac1405adcc1d48f7bb4be86c653955c988c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:02:12 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 24/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 167790a35..428ab60c7 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../welcome.md:57 msgid "What if my resource/topic is not included?" -msgstr "Que se passe-t-il si ma ressource/sujet n'est pas inclus ?" +msgstr "Que faire si ma ressource/sujet n'est pas inclus ?" #: ../../welcome.md:58 msgid "" From 27c980662512119600a8b2aefee3eb7d14573af9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:07:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 25/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 428ab60c7..4c9aef270 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ msgid "" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" -"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " -"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" -" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " -"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " -"disponibles." +"N'hésitez pas à nous " +"[contacter](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" +" pour contribuer aux effrots collectifs! Notre but est que ce document " +"constamment en évolution, réflète et contienne les meilleures pratiques et " +"ressources disponibles." From f60cd19ecc4037e9385de19111821047989969a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:07:57 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 26/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 4c9aef270..8fb6896b7 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../welcome.md:39 msgid "What **isn't** this book?" -msgstr "Qu'est-ce **n'est pas** ce livre ?" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que ce livre **n'est pas** ?" #: ../../welcome.md:41 msgid "" From 445220b64d635180353ffa2c2b2b8acbb4e77780 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:13:36 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 27/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 8fb6896b7..38f22d814 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../welcome.md:13 msgid "What is this book?" -msgstr "Quel est ce livre ?" +msgstr "Quel est le sujet de ce livre ?" #: ../../welcome.md:15 msgid "" From 98159c6d305b3c037fa465e0a732b654f37a1728 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:15:10 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 28/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 38f22d814..96c7d4307 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ msgstr "" "disponibles. De nombreuses autres personnes ont mis au point d'excellentes " "ressources de ce type (voir " "[ici](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1873-3468.14451) " -"{cite}`Haase2022-ad` et [ici](https://www. " -"bioimagingnorthamerica.org/training-education-resources/) et " -"[ici](https://biii.eu/) {cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`). Notre objectif est " -"de créer un guide simple et accessible aux débutants." +"{cite}`Haase2022-ad` et " +"[ici](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/training-education-resources/) " +"et [ici](https://biii.eu/) {cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`). Notre objectif " +"est de créer un guide simple et accessible aux débutants." #: ../../welcome.md:42 msgid "" From b23936195cbd7822f0031256cf2fa7244f97ff2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:17:24 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 29/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index c8c9032c3..51d65bace 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ # # Translators: # Beth Cimini, 2023 +# Youssef Chebli, 2023 # #, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ msgstr "" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-10-13 18:46-0400\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Last-Translator: Youssef Chebli, 2023\n" "Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" @@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ msgstr "Contribuer à ce guide" #: ../../contributors.md:3 msgid "Contributors" -msgstr "Contributeurs" +msgstr "Collaborateurs" #: ../../contributors.md:5 msgid "" From 5be1cfbb3a681d6c298a503063429f8cc4a63aa5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:18:11 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 30/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 5 ++--- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index 51d65bace..28aa08196 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -42,9 +42,8 @@ msgid "" "Cimini." msgstr "" "Le matériel original de ce livre a été créé dans le cadre de l'article " -"\"[**_Guide du biologiste pour la planification et la réalisation " -"d'expériences de bioimagerie " -"quantitative_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" {cite}` " +"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging" +" experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" {cite}` " "Senft2023-zy`. par Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina Colarusso, " "Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig Brideau, Paula " "Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew Gonzales, Peter " From eb4af4746ae16fc41c1f6a2f0f9a5c9bfd074b2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:23:03 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 31/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 5 ++--- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index 28aa08196..477ced6e2 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -55,9 +55,8 @@ msgid "" "contributions from the following members of the microscopy and bioimage " "analysis community!" msgstr "" -"Depuis que ce guide est devenu disponible, nous remercions chaleureusement " -"les contributions des membres suivants de la communauté de la microscopie et" -" de l'analyse de bioimages !" +"Nous remercions chaleureusement les contributions des membres de la " +"communauté de microscopie et d'analyse de bioimages suivants!" #: ../../contributors.md:8 msgid "William Giang" From 9e1f7affd3581ab08a55ef330ddc9a5d36d8abf7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:23:22 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 32/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index 477ced6e2..a667ed202 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ msgstr "Robert Haase" #: ../../contributors.md:11 msgid "How can I become a contributor?" -msgstr "Comment devenir contributeur ?" +msgstr "Comment devenir collaborateur?" #: ../../contributors.md:13 msgid "" From 1eeddc2c5f1242fc0b864debcb739a72a2b0b902 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:25:34 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 33/76] Translate _build/gettext/welcome.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/welcome.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po index 96c7d4307..21d33d428 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/welcome.po @@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ msgid "" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" -"N'hésitez pas à nous " -"[contacter](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" -" pour contribuer aux effrots collectifs! Notre but est que ce document " -"constamment en évolution, réflète et contienne les meilleures pratiques et " -"ressources disponibles." +"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " +"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" +" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " +"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " +"disponibles." From 81e8442d29c76f07dd0852910b1a1df85e1389e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:27:08 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 34/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index a667ed202..309dfc0e0 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ msgid "" " for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly than " "direct contributions to the GitHub repository." msgstr "" -"Actuellement, nous proposons également un [formulaire " +"Nous vous proposons également un [formulaire " "Google](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" pour les contributions, mais notez que celles-ci peuvent être traitées plus" -" lentement que les contributions directes au référentiel GitHub." +" pour y ajouter vos contributions. Notez que celles-ci peuvent être traitées" +" plus lentement que les contributions directes au référentiel GitHub." #: ../../contributors.md:18 msgid "Translation" From a3fdc9cb56cfb7b91fcbadf31b13ad2458780bc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:28:47 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 35/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index 309dfc0e0..b24485edb 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ msgid "" "not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." msgstr "" "Des travaux sont en cours pour traduire ce guide dans d'autres langues - la " -"traduction est prévue ou a commencé en français, en espagnol, en portugais, " -"en allemand, en finnois et en polonais. Pour aider à la traduction dans " -"l'une de ces langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez" -" contacter bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." +"traduction est prévue ou est en cours en français, espagnol, portugais, " +"allemand, finnois et polonais. Pour aider à la traduction dans l'une de ces " +"langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez contacter " +"bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." #: ../../contributors.md:24 msgid "Translations are gratefully acknowledged from:" From 31fc8e102dd51e66941ad700e40e09c076764a53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:32:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 36/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 84a9a66d4..f9a5efd1d 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ # # Translators: # Beth Cimini, 2023 +# Youssef Chebli, 2023 # #, fuzzy msgid "" @@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ msgstr "" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-05-19 07:07-0400\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Last-Translator: Youssef Chebli, 2023\n" "Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" @@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../Glossary.md:42 msgid "ROIs" -msgstr "ROI" +msgstr "RDI" #: ../../Glossary.md:47 msgid "" From 28b40c977d503d87704a249a37372e7e011f9a53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:33:21 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 37/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index f9a5efd1d..53f7f6066 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -317,8 +317,8 @@ msgid "" "Regions Of Interest. Pixels in your image that you care about (e.g., a " "region in tissue, a cell, a tumor, etc.)" msgstr "" -"Régions d'intérêt. Les pixels de votre image qui vous intéressent (par " -"exemple, une région d'un tissu, une cellule, une tumeur, etc.)" +"Pixels de votre image qui vous intéressent spécifiquement (par exemple, une " +"région d'un tissu, une cellule, une tumeur, etc.)" #: ../../Glossary.md:45 msgid "Segmentation" From 4a4342ff84c7bafd3a14fe39a378bd1eab09b3c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 21:50:08 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 38/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 53f7f6066..019e7d8f2 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ msgid "" "normal sera, gelatin, or albumin before immunostaining in order to " "\"occupy\" all the non-specific binding sites in the sample." msgstr "" -"Au cours de la procédure d'immunomarquage, il est important de minimiser la " -"liaison non spécifique des anticorps primaires ou secondaires. Dans la " +"Au cours de la procédure d'immunomarquage, il est important de minimiser les" +" liaisons non spécifiques des anticorps primaires ou secondaires. Dans la " "plupart des cas, ceci est réalisé par blocage, qui consiste généralement à " -"ajouter des substances telles que des sérums normaux, de la gélatine ou de " -"l'albumine avant l'immunocoloration afin « d'occuper » tous les sites de " -"liaison non spécifiques de l'échantillon." +"ajouter des substances (sérums normaux d'animaux, gélatine ou albumine...) " +"avant l'immunomarquage afin « d'occuper » tous les sites de liaison non " +"spécifiques de l'échantillon." #: ../../Glossary.md:3 msgid "Deconvolution" From 02dbe9aaf6c5faac0d1fabf19b0554246e2dca10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 22:12:34 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 39/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 019e7d8f2..54ee160fc 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ msgid "" "intensity away from where it hit the camera and back onto the structure that" " emitted the light." msgstr "" -"Le processus de suppression informatique du flou des images de microscopie " -"en utilisant les propriétés optiques connues du chemin lumineux pour " -"\"réaffecter\" l'intensité des pixels loin de l'endroit où il a frappé la " -"caméra et revenir sur la structure qui a émis la lumière." +"Processus de suppression informatique du flou des images de microscopie " +"utilisant les propriétés optiques connues du trajet de la lumière. La " +"déconvolution \"réaffecte\" l'intensité du pixel à la structure qui a émis " +"la lumière, souvent loin de la région excitée de la caméra." #: ../../Glossary.md:6 msgid "Ex-Vivo imaging" From 92d638eb534599b3e292babef5a5bbaf3674eb6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 22:14:24 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 40/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 54ee160fc..25b9dc401 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ msgstr "" "Processus de suppression informatique du flou des images de microscopie " "utilisant les propriétés optiques connues du trajet de la lumière. La " "déconvolution \"réaffecte\" l'intensité du pixel à la structure qui a émis " -"la lumière, souvent loin de la région excitée de la caméra." +"la lumière, souvent loin de la région détectée par la caméra." #: ../../Glossary.md:6 msgid "Ex-Vivo imaging" From 8aa531267e0b771e5f61a541b3aa9f95cc6faf1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 22:20:30 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 41/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 25b9dc401..ee174e79a 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Fait référence à l'imagerie réalisée sur des tissus animaux vivants dans un " "environnement contrôlable externe (par exemple, explantation de tissu sur " -"une boîte de Pétri). Il permet l'imagerie à haute résolution de tissus " -"vivants qui pourraient autrement être inaccessibles chez l'animal. Le tissu " -"est maintenu en vie sur le système d'imagerie par perfusion de milieux " -"oxygénés (95 % d'oxygène et 5 % de CO2), à température contrôlée à l'aide de" -" pompes péristaltiques et de microfluidique." +"une boîte de Pétri). Elle permet l'imagerie à haute résolution de tissus " +"vivants qui pourraient autrement être impossible à imager chez l'animal. Le " +"tissu est maintenu en vie, sur le système d'imagerie, par perfusion de " +"milieux oxygénés (95% d'oxygène et 5% de CO2), à température contrôlée à " +"l'aide de pompes péristaltiques et d'un système microfluidique." #: ../../Glossary.md:9 msgid "Fiji" From d737e2f336eec027e5caf7538f64fe97ee47c9d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 22:23:10 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 42/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index ee174e79a..11a61aeb7 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ msgid "" "[Fiji](https://imagej.net/software/fiji/) Is Just ImageJ. ImageJ2 plus a lot" " of common plugins." msgstr "" -"[Fidji](https://imagej.net/software/fiji/) est juste ImageJ. ImageJ2 plus " -"beaucoup de plugins courants." +"[Fidji](https://imagej.net/software/fiji/) est juste ImageJ. ImageJ2 bonifié" +" de plusieurs modules d'extension courants." #: ../../Glossary.md:12 msgid "Fixation" From 34ceee8fdbfa834bdf54a293d4bf71621b5cbffa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 22:28:28 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 43/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 15 +++++++-------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 11a61aeb7..dcb296690 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -108,14 +108,13 @@ msgid "" "molecular structures within a sample, and needs to be optimized depending on" " the sample or structure that is being imaged." msgstr "" -"La fixation d'un échantillon fait référence à la stabilisation des " -"composants cellulaires/moléculaires dans l'échantillon tout en arrêtant en " -"même temps toute fonction biologique dans cet échantillon. Le fixateur " -"utilisé (par exemple, paraformaldéhyde, glutaraldéhyde, méthanol), la " -"concentration et les conditions (par exemple, tampon, température) " -"déterminent le degré de préservation des structures cellulaires et/ou " -"moléculaires dans un échantillon et doivent être optimisés en fonction de " -"l'échantillon ou structure qui est imagée." +"La fixation fait référence à la stabilisation des composants " +"cellulaires/moléculaires dans un échantillon, arrêtant ainsi toute fonction " +"biologique au sein même de cet échantillon. Le fixateur utilisé (par " +"exemple, formaldéhyde, glutaraldéhyde, méthanol), la concentration et les " +"conditions (par exemple, tampon, température) déterminent le degré de " +"préservation des structures cellulaires et/ou moléculaires et doivent être " +"optimisés en fonction de l'échantillon ou de la structure à imager. " #: ../../Glossary.md:15 msgid "Image processing" From 218ebcdb36389ae2f5eb2149531c73af8e88b81a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 23:29:34 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 44/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index dcb296690..2c0ee9671 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ msgid "" " or more advanced (e.g. enhancing particular features of an image like " "circles or lines)." msgstr "" -"Est une opération qui peut être effectuée sur une image, résultant en une " -"autre image. Les opérations de traitement d'image peuvent être simples (par " -"exemple, redimensionner ou faire pivoter) ou plus avancées (par exemple, " -"améliorer des caractéristiques particulières d'une image comme des cercles " -"ou des lignes)." +"Opération effectuée sur une image, résultant en une autre image. Les " +"opérations de traitement d'image peuvent être simples (par exemple, " +"redimensionner ou faire pivoter) ou plus avancées (par exemple, améliorer " +"des caractéristiques particulières d'une image comme des cercles ou des " +"lignes)." #: ../../Glossary.md:18 msgid "Immersion media" From ba5a4b49f5eaf76997d4eba4a63d7c79743e9fa9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 23:35:15 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 45/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 2c0ee9671..45b0de316 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../Glossary.md:18 msgid "Immersion media" -msgstr "Média d'immersion" +msgstr "Millieux d'immersion" #: ../../Glossary.md:23 msgid "" From e21adc03ae4bf2ad6415278426b54c7dfefa3404 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 23:42:24 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 46/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 45b0de316..65576fedf 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -146,12 +146,12 @@ msgid "" " of the mounting media to minimize aberrations and improve image quality. " "Immersion media can be air, water, silicone oil, glycerol or oil." msgstr "" -"Le support d'immersion est le support qui comble l'espace entre votre " -"objectif et la lamelle de verre ou l'échantillon. Il a un impact sur " -"l'ouverture numérique de l'objectif {math}`NA=RI * sin(θ)`, impactant ainsi " -"la résolution latérale et axiale. Il est essentiel de faire correspondre le " -"RI du support d'immersion avec celui du support de montage pour minimiser " -"les aberrations et améliorer la qualité de l'image. Les milieux d'immersion " +"Un milieu d'immersion comble l'espace entre l'objectif et la lamelle de " +"verre ou l'échantillon. Il affecte l'ouverture numérique de l'objectif " +"{math}`NA=IR * sin(θ)`, impactant ainsi les résolutions latérale et axiale. " +"Il est essentiel de faire correspondre l'Indice de Réfraction (IR) du milieu" +" d'immersion avec celui du milieu de montage afin de minimiser les " +"aberrations et améliorer la qualité de l'image. Les milieux d'immersion " "peuvent être de l'air, de l'eau, de l'huile de silicone, du glycérol ou de " "l'huile." From e9c38caff618608aeb2d6aa8737ea409cca5dad2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 23:49:00 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 47/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 65576fedf..6b5c10aa0 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -195,15 +195,15 @@ msgid "" "windows. Intravital imaging is overseen by bioethical committees and needs " "to be approved by IACUC and/or other institutional committees." msgstr "" -"Il fait référence à l'imagerie des structures cellulaires ou des processus " -"biologiques à l'intérieur d'un animal vivant en temps réel, sans extraire " -"les organes ni fixer l'échantillon. En général, cela nécessite une " -"instrumentation ou des modalités spécifiques avec une meilleure pénétration " -"de la lumière, comme la microscopie multiphotonique et se limite à la " -"capacité d'accéder à l'organe spécifique, souvent à travers des fenêtres " -"optiques. L'imagerie intravitale est supervisée par des comités de " -"bioéthique et doit être approuvée par l'IACUC et/ou d'autres comités " -"institutionnels." +"Imagerie des structures cellulaires ou des processus biologiques à " +"l'intérieur d'un animal vivant en temps réel, sans extraire les organes ni " +"fixer l'échantillon. En général, cela nécessite des instruments spécialisés " +"ou des modalités spécifiques permettant une meilleure pénétration de la " +"lumière, comme la microscopie multiphotonique . Cette technique est limitée " +"par la capacité d'accéder à l'organe spécifique, qui se fait souvent à " +"travers des fenêtres optiques. L'imagerie intravitale est contrôlée par des " +"comités de bioéthique et doit être approuvée par les CEEA et/ou d'autres " +"comités institutionnels." #: ../../Glossary.md:27 msgid "Mounting media" From 484ce8e9d99ef3755d2786820941a543732cd6db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 23:50:55 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 48/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 6b5c10aa0..4f40e794c 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -195,15 +195,15 @@ msgid "" "windows. Intravital imaging is overseen by bioethical committees and needs " "to be approved by IACUC and/or other institutional committees." msgstr "" -"Imagerie des structures cellulaires ou des processus biologiques à " -"l'intérieur d'un animal vivant en temps réel, sans extraire les organes ni " -"fixer l'échantillon. En général, cela nécessite des instruments spécialisés " -"ou des modalités spécifiques permettant une meilleure pénétration de la " -"lumière, comme la microscopie multiphotonique . Cette technique est limitée " -"par la capacité d'accéder à l'organe spécifique, qui se fait souvent à " -"travers des fenêtres optiques. L'imagerie intravitale est contrôlée par des " -"comités de bioéthique et doit être approuvée par les CEEA et/ou d'autres " -"comités institutionnels." +"Imagerie en temps réel des structures cellulaires ou des processus " +"biologiques, à l'intérieur d'un animal vivant, sans en extraire les organes " +"ni fixer l'échantillon. En général, cela nécessite des instruments " +"spécialisés ou des modalités spécifiques permettant une meilleure " +"pénétration de la lumière, comme la microscopie multiphotonique . Cette " +"technique est limitée par la capacité d'accéder à l'organe spécifique, qui " +"se fait souvent à travers des fenêtres optiques. L'imagerie intravitale est " +"contrôlée par des comités de bioéthique et doit être approuvée par les CEEA " +"et/ou d'autres comités institutionnels." #: ../../Glossary.md:27 msgid "Mounting media" From 6352e6db675918c7c57390725d501a915263792f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 23:51:10 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 49/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 4f40e794c..c21b27e18 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ msgstr "" "biologiques, à l'intérieur d'un animal vivant, sans en extraire les organes " "ni fixer l'échantillon. En général, cela nécessite des instruments " "spécialisés ou des modalités spécifiques permettant une meilleure " -"pénétration de la lumière, comme la microscopie multiphotonique . Cette " -"technique est limitée par la capacité d'accéder à l'organe spécifique, qui " +"pénétration de la lumière, comme la microscopie multiphotonique. Cette " +"technique est limitée par la capacité d'accéder à l'organe spécifique, qui " "se fait souvent à travers des fenêtres optiques. L'imagerie intravitale est " "contrôlée par des comités de bioéthique et doit être approuvée par les CEEA " "et/ou d'autres comités institutionnels." From c68607b5f0a06002873614ebd9ad02e85bd8f18e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2023 03:23:04 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 50/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index c21b27e18..95668fa9e 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -200,9 +200,9 @@ msgstr "" "ni fixer l'échantillon. En général, cela nécessite des instruments " "spécialisés ou des modalités spécifiques permettant une meilleure " "pénétration de la lumière, comme la microscopie multiphotonique. Cette " -"technique est limitée par la capacité d'accéder à l'organe spécifique, qui " +"technique est limitée par la capacité d'accéder à l'organe en question qui " "se fait souvent à travers des fenêtres optiques. L'imagerie intravitale est " -"contrôlée par des comités de bioéthique et doit être approuvée par les CEEA " +"régulée par des comités de bioéthique et doit être approuvée par les CEEA " "et/ou d'autres comités institutionnels." #: ../../Glossary.md:27 From ba5a404c7b5ea147a3b821d037c45189b2d9a97d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 25 Oct 2023 03:23:27 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 51/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 95668fa9e..f5ae40448 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../Glossary.md:27 msgid "Mounting media" -msgstr "Support de montage" +msgstr "Milieu de montage" #: ../../Glossary.md:32 msgid "" From 4e3707dee79b915a35c87b7fd77442376d2c53af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2023 07:30:40 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 52/76] Translate 01_Sample_preparation.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '01_Sample_preparation.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po index 3576221e6..8df297b58 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/01_Sample_preparation.po @@ -952,8 +952,8 @@ msgstr "" "accès (CC BY ou CC BY-NC)" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:20 -msgid "🌐 protocolos.io" -msgstr "🌐 protocolos.io" +msgid "🌐 protocols.io" +msgstr "🌐 protocols.io" #: ../../01_Sample_preparation/Resources.md:21 msgid "[link](https://www.protocols.io/)" From b366e1758d5be2db15e8882e72deb316937c49a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 13:31:40 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 53/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 20 ++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index f5ae40448..bed5c215e 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -170,16 +170,16 @@ msgid "" "Another good option is to use nano-bodies, which only have the heavy-chain " "and are significantly smaller than regular antibodies." msgstr "" -"L'immunomarquage est l'une des techniques de marquage les plus courantes " -"pour les échantillons fixes. Vous pouvez utiliser des anticorps primaires " -"conjugués par fluorescence pour détecter la protéine d'intérêt ou un " -"marquage en deux étapes avec un anticorps primaire et un anticorps " -"secondaire conjugué par fluorescence. Le marquage primaire-secondaire a " -"tendance à entraîner une amplification du signal. Le principal problème avec" -" l'immunomarquage est la taille des anticorps, qui nécessitent une " -"perméabilisation importante. Une autre bonne option consiste à utiliser des " -"nano-corps, qui n'ont que la chaîne lourde et sont nettement plus petits que" -" les anticorps ordinaires." +"L'immunomarquage est l'une des techniques les plus courantes de marquage " +"d'échantillon fixes. Vous pouvez utiliser des anticorps primaires conjugués " +"à un fluorophore pour détecter la protéine d'intérêt ou un marquage en deux " +"étapes avec un anticorps primaire et un anticorps secondaire conjugué à un " +"fluorophore. Le marquage primaire-secondaire a tendance à amplifier du " +"signal. Le principal défit de l'immunomarquage est la taille des anticorps, " +"nécessitant sovent une perméabilisation importante de l'échantillon. Une " +"autre bonne option de marquage consiste à utiliser des nano-corps, qui n'ont" +" que la chaîne lourde et sont nettement plus petits que les anticorps " +"classiques." #: ../../Glossary.md:24 msgid "Intravital imaging" From 4b105a73bf228340715dd7770a46d28b8642b4e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 13:39:06 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 54/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index bed5c215e..bdf5c4ef9 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -171,14 +171,14 @@ msgid "" "and are significantly smaller than regular antibodies." msgstr "" "L'immunomarquage est l'une des techniques les plus courantes de marquage " -"d'échantillon fixes. Vous pouvez utiliser des anticorps primaires conjugués " -"à un fluorophore pour détecter la protéine d'intérêt ou un marquage en deux " -"étapes avec un anticorps primaire et un anticorps secondaire conjugué à un " -"fluorophore. Le marquage primaire-secondaire a tendance à amplifier du " -"signal. Le principal défit de l'immunomarquage est la taille des anticorps, " -"nécessitant sovent une perméabilisation importante de l'échantillon. Une " -"autre bonne option de marquage consiste à utiliser des nano-corps, qui n'ont" -" que la chaîne lourde et sont nettement plus petits que les anticorps " +"d'échantillons fixés. Il est possible d'avoir recours à des anticorps " +"primaires conjugués à un fluorophore pour détecter la protéine d'intérêt ou " +"un marquage en deux étapes avec un anticorps primaire et un anticorps " +"secondaire conjugué à un fluorophore. Le marquage primaire-secondaire a " +"tendance à amplifier le signal. Le principal défit de l'immunomarquage est " +"la taille des anticorps, nécessitant souvent de perméabiliser l'échantillon." +" Une autre bonne option de marquage consiste à utiliser des nano-corps, qui " +"n'ont que la chaîne lourde et sont nettement plus petits que les anticorps " "classiques." #: ../../Glossary.md:24 From 9ba896d8bd23e6f7992983093e1422197b79976f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 13:40:53 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 55/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index bdf5c4ef9..fe1a116fa 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ msgstr "" "secondaire conjugué à un fluorophore. Le marquage primaire-secondaire a " "tendance à amplifier le signal. Le principal défit de l'immunomarquage est " "la taille des anticorps, nécessitant souvent de perméabiliser l'échantillon." -" Une autre bonne option de marquage consiste à utiliser des nano-corps, qui " -"n'ont que la chaîne lourde et sont nettement plus petits que les anticorps " +" Une autre bonne option de marquage consiste à utiliser des nano-corps, " +"formés que de la chaîne lourde et nettement plus petits que les anticorps " "classiques." #: ../../Glossary.md:24 From 5c32592b28a3cf2dfb6b52aa95eea2ef2febf932 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 13:41:19 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 56/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index fe1a116fa..e388a8d46 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ msgstr "" "tendance à amplifier le signal. Le principal défit de l'immunomarquage est " "la taille des anticorps, nécessitant souvent de perméabiliser l'échantillon." " Une autre bonne option de marquage consiste à utiliser des nano-corps, " -"formés que de la chaîne lourde et nettement plus petits que les anticorps " -"classiques." +"formés que de la chaîne lourde et sont donc nettement plus petits que les " +"anticorps classiques." #: ../../Glossary.md:24 msgid "Intravital imaging" From f973751ccfa2c95f9f8772698940587ea75de3b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 13:42:58 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 57/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index e388a8d46..d07e02c2f 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -177,9 +177,9 @@ msgstr "" "secondaire conjugué à un fluorophore. Le marquage primaire-secondaire a " "tendance à amplifier le signal. Le principal défit de l'immunomarquage est " "la taille des anticorps, nécessitant souvent de perméabiliser l'échantillon." -" Une autre bonne option de marquage consiste à utiliser des nano-corps, " -"formés que de la chaîne lourde et sont donc nettement plus petits que les " -"anticorps classiques." +" Une autre option de marquage consiste à utiliser des nano-corps, formés que" +" d'une chaîne lourde et donc nettement plus petits que les anticorps " +"classiques." #: ../../Glossary.md:24 msgid "Intravital imaging" From 1e2818e2f69489a5d37d9169a7a5ab5a357892a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 13:58:05 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 58/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index d07e02c2f..2244836ff 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -218,14 +218,14 @@ msgid "" "glass) and minimizing photobleaching (depending on the medium). Mounting " "media prevents the sample from drying out allowing long-term storage." msgstr "" -"Est la solution dans laquelle votre échantillon est placé (monté). Son but " -"est de préserver l'échantillon, y compris les fluorophores qu'il contient, " -"et d'améliorer la qualité de l'imagerie lors de l'acquisition, en tamponnant" -" le pH, en faisant correspondre l'indice de réfraction dans tout " -"l'échantillon (idéalement en le faisant correspondre à celui du verre) et en" -" minimisant le photoblanchiment (en fonction de la moyen). Le support de " -"montage empêche l'échantillon de se dessécher, ce qui permet un stockage à " -"long terme." +"Solution dans laquelle l'échantillon est placé (monté). Ses rôles sont de " +"préserver l'échantillon, y compris les fluorophores qu'il contient, et " +"d'améliorer la qualité d'imagerie lors de l'acquisition, en tamponnant le " +"pH, en homogénéisant l'indice de réfraction dans tout l'échantillon " +"(idéalement en le faisant correspondre à celui du verre) et en minimisant le" +" photoblanchiment (dépendamment des prorpriétés du milieu de montage " +"utilisé). Le milieu de montage empêche l'échantillon de se dessécher, " +"permettant un stockage à long terme." #: ../../Glossary.md:30 msgid "Object detection" From 5db6af6894defac09f3621623cf7f1336660f0f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 14:08:25 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 59/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 2244836ff..d2c473164 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -237,9 +237,9 @@ msgid "" "would not give you a mask of the objects but it could give you a bounding " "box, or and x,y position." msgstr "" -"Est la technique de traitement d'image pour détecter des objets dans une " -"image. Cela ne vous donnerait pas un masque des objets, mais cela pourrait " -"vous donner une boîte englobante ou une position x, y." +"Technique de traitement d'images qui permet de détecter des objets dans une " +"image. Elle ne permet pas d'obtenir un masque des objets, mais elle peut " +"fournir une boîte de délimitation et / ou une position x,y." #: ../../Glossary.md:33 msgid "Oxygen scavengers" From 73280dccdda06770efdbaeb83e0a8ddd41db4883 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 14:09:16 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 60/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index d2c473164..2179482a2 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../Glossary.md:33 msgid "Oxygen scavengers" -msgstr "Épurateurs d'oxygène" +msgstr "Absorbeurs d'oxygène" #: ../../Glossary.md:38 msgid "" From 740e0119719de1cafff51cc55f688aa76c5f3704 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 14:12:59 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 61/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index 2179482a2..aaa75b911 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../Glossary.md:33 msgid "Oxygen scavengers" -msgstr "Absorbeurs d'oxygène" +msgstr "Désoxygénants" #: ../../Glossary.md:38 msgid "" From db0a4a19f3cd90eb859d8873ba6ffa71a759f1e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 13 Nov 2023 14:22:35 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 62/76] Translate _build/gettext/Glossary.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/Glossary.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po index aaa75b911..5588b11cd 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/Glossary.po @@ -256,13 +256,13 @@ msgid "" "compromising its health and therefore biological function." msgstr "" "L'oxygène a tendance à induire le photoblanchiment des colorants organiques " -"et d'autres fluorophores. L'ajout de désoxygénants aux supports d'imagerie " -"tels que la glucose oxydase ou la pyranose 2-oxydase peut réduire " +"et d'autres fluorophores. L'ajout de désoxygénants au milieu de montage tels" +" que la glucose oxydase ou la pyranose 2-oxydase peut réduire " "considérablement le photoblanchiment des fluorophores présents dans " -"l'échantillon. Il est important de comprendre que l'utilisation de piégeurs " -"d'oxygène peut affecter l'imagerie des cellules vivantes, car ces piégeurs " -"peuvent affecter les niveaux d'ATP et d'oxygène dans l'échantillon, " -"compromettant sa santé et donc sa fonction biologique." +"l'échantillon. Il est important de noter que l'utilisation de désoxyégénants" +" peut affecter l'imagerie des cellules vivantes, car ils peuvent affecter " +"les niveaux d'ATP et d'oxygène dans l'échantillon, compromettant sa santé et" +" donc sa fonction biologique." #: ../../Glossary.md:36 msgid "Permeabilization" From 5edde98c621c95d833f567d87fc0fc27bebb47a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 29 Jan 2024 13:27:48 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 63/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 35 ++++++++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index b24485edb..56ac55a20 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2023 +# Copyright (C) 2024 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # # Translators: -# Beth Cimini, 2023 # Youssef Chebli, 2023 +# Beth Cimini, 2024 # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-10-13 18:46-0400\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-01-29 08:24-0500\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Youssef Chebli, 2023\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" "Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" @@ -102,23 +102,26 @@ msgstr "Traduction" #: ../../contributors.md:20 msgid "" "This guide is available in [English](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) as " -"well as [Czech](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org)." +"well as [Czech](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org) and " +"[Portuguese](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org)." msgstr "" -"Ce guide est disponible en [anglais] (https://www.bioimagingguide.org) et en" -" [tchèque] (https://cs.bioimagingguide.org)." +"Ce guide est disponible en [anglais](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) ainsi " +"qu'en [tchèque](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org) et en " +"[portugais](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org)." #: ../../contributors.md:22 msgid "" "Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - translation " -"is planned or has begun in French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Finnish, and" -" Polish. To help translate into one of these languages, or another language " -"not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." +"is planned or has begun in French, Spanish, German, Finnish, Italian, " +"Japanese, and Polish. To help translate into one of these languages, or " +"another language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute " +"DOT org." msgstr "" "Des travaux sont en cours pour traduire ce guide dans d'autres langues - la " -"traduction est prévue ou est en cours en français, espagnol, portugais, " -"allemand, finnois et polonais. Pour aider à la traduction dans l'une de ces " -"langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez contacter " -"bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." +"traduction est prévue ou a commencé en français, espagnol, allemand, " +"finnois, italien, japonais et polonais. Pour aider à la traduction dans " +"l'une de ces langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez" +" contacter bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." #: ../../contributors.md:24 msgid "Translations are gratefully acknowledged from:" @@ -127,3 +130,7 @@ msgstr "Nous remercions chaleureusement les traducteurs :" #: ../../contributors.md:26 msgid "Czech : Martin Schätz" msgstr "Tchèque : Martin Schätz" + +#: ../../contributors.md:27 +msgid "Portuguese: Mario Costa Cruz" +msgstr "Portugais : Mario Costa Cruz" From 9975b14e64d7a45a82adf2dd4f4857b818122d6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 13:47:04 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 64/76] Removing _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 76% of minimum 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 177 +++++++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 102 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index 56ac55a20..6e3736a5c 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -1,53 +1,42 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2024 +# Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. -# -# Translators: -# Youssef Chebli, 2023 -# Beth Cimini, 2024 -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-01-29 08:24-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" -"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 09:37-0400\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" +"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" +"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Language: fr\n" -"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" +"Generated-By: Babel 2.13.1\n" #: ../../contributors.md:1 msgid "Contributing to this guide" -msgstr "Contribuer à ce guide" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:3 msgid "Contributors" -msgstr "Collaborateurs" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:5 msgid "" -"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper \"[**_A" -" biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " +"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper " +"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative " +"bioimaging " "experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" " "{cite}`Senft2023-zy`. by Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina " "Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig " -"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew " -"Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth A. " -"Cimini." -msgstr "" -"Le matériel original de ce livre a été créé dans le cadre de l'article " -"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging" -" experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" {cite}` " -"Senft2023-zy`. par Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina Colarusso, " -"Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig Brideau, Paula " -"Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew Gonzales, Peter " -"Bankhead, Edward L Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri et Beth A. Cimini." +"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew" +" Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth" +" A. Cimini." +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:7 msgid "" @@ -55,82 +44,120 @@ msgid "" "contributions from the following members of the microscopy and bioimage " "analysis community!" msgstr "" -"Nous remercions chaleureusement les contributions des membres de la " -"communauté de microscopie et d'analyse de bioimages suivants!" #: ../../contributors.md:8 msgid "William Giang" -msgstr "William Giang" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:9 msgid "Robert Haase" -msgstr "Robert Haase" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:11 +msgid "" +"Improvements to the build and maintenance system for this book have come " +"from" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../contributors.md:12 +msgid "Pete Bankhead" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../contributors.md:14 msgid "How can I become a contributor?" -msgstr "Comment devenir collaborateur?" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:13 +#: ../../contributors.md:16 msgid "" "Please feel free to open an " "[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" -"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " -"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" -" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " -"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " -"disponibles." -#: ../../contributors.md:15 +#: ../../contributors.md:18 msgid "" "We currently also offer a [Google " "Form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly than " -"direct contributions to the GitHub repository." +" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly " +"than direct contributions to the GitHub repository." msgstr "" -"Nous vous proposons également un [formulaire " -"Google](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" pour y ajouter vos contributions. Notez que celles-ci peuvent être traitées" -" plus lentement que les contributions directes au référentiel GitHub." -#: ../../contributors.md:18 +#: ../../contributors.md:21 msgid "Translation" -msgstr "Traduction" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:20 +#: ../../contributors.md:23 msgid "" "This guide is available in [English](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) as " -"well as [Czech](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org) and " -"[Portuguese](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org)." +"well as [Czech](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org), " +"[Portuguese](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org), and " +"[Spanish](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." msgstr "" -"Ce guide est disponible en [anglais](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) ainsi " -"qu'en [tchèque](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org) et en " -"[portugais](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org)." -#: ../../contributors.md:22 +#: ../../contributors.md:25 msgid "" -"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - translation " -"is planned or has begun in French, Spanish, German, Finnish, Italian, " -"Japanese, and Polish. To help translate into one of these languages, or " -"another language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute " -"DOT org." -msgstr "" -"Des travaux sont en cours pour traduire ce guide dans d'autres langues - la " -"traduction est prévue ou a commencé en français, espagnol, allemand, " -"finnois, italien, japonais et polonais. Pour aider à la traduction dans " -"l'une de ces langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez" -" contacter bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." - -#: ../../contributors.md:24 +"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - " +"translation is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, " +"Japanese, Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these " +"languages, or another language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT" +" broadinstitute DOT org." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../contributors.md:27 msgid "Translations are gratefully acknowledged from:" -msgstr "Nous remercions chaleureusement les traducteurs :" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:26 +#: ../../contributors.md:29 msgid "Czech : Martin Schätz" -msgstr "Tchèque : Martin Schätz" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:27 +#: ../../contributors.md:30 msgid "Portuguese: Mario Costa Cruz" -msgstr "Portugais : Mario Costa Cruz" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The original material for this book " +#~ "was created as part of the paper" +#~ " [A biologist’s guide to the field" +#~ " of quantitative " +#~ "bioimaging](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439283) by " +#~ "Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*," +#~ " Pina Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim " +#~ "Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, " +#~ "Craig Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, " +#~ "Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin " +#~ "Andrew Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward " +#~ "L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and" +#~ " Beth A. Cimini." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Work is underway to translate this " +#~ "guide into other languages - translation" +#~ " is planned or has begun in " +#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, Czech, and " +#~ "Polish. To help translate into one " +#~ "of these languages, or another language" +#~ " not listed here, please contact " +#~ "bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This guide is available in " +#~ "[English](www.bioimagingguide.org) as well as " +#~ "Czech(cz.bioimagingguide.org)." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Work is underway to translate this " +#~ "guide into other languages - translation" +#~ " is planned or has begun in " +#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Finnish," +#~ " and Polish. To help translate into" +#~ " one of these languages, or another" +#~ " language not listed here, please " +#~ "contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT " +#~ "org." +#~ msgstr "" + From 85dfb67180a90e6b2ddb735c4abf46c7e9a2c0a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 13:47:37 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 65/76] Translate community_resources.pot in fr 100% translated source file: 'community_resources.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po | 80 ++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po index 0ebbccd90..2cd27cb57 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/community_resources.po @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2023 +# Copyright (C) 2024 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # # Translators: -# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# Beth Cimini, 2024 # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-05-02 14:28-0400\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 09:37-0400\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" "Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" @@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ msgstr "" msgid "Global and online resources" msgstr "Ressources mondiales et en ligne" -#: ../../community_resources.md:12 ../../community_resources.md:35 +#: ../../community_resources.md:12 ../../community_resources.md:38 msgid "**Resource Name**" msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" -#: ../../community_resources.md:13 ../../community_resources.md:36 +#: ../../community_resources.md:13 ../../community_resources.md:39 msgid "**Link**" msgstr "**Lien**" @@ -65,42 +65,56 @@ msgstr "" "mondiaux de bioimagerie" #: ../../community_resources.md:18 +msgid "GloBIAS" +msgstr "GloBIAS" + +#: ../../community_resources.md:19 +msgid "[link](https://www.globias.org/home)" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.globias.org/home)" + +#: ../../community_resources.md:20 +msgid "Connections, training, and more for bioimage analysts across the world" +msgstr "" +"Connexions, formations et bien plus encore pour les analystes de bioimages " +"du monde entier" + +#: ../../community_resources.md:21 msgid "Microforum" msgstr "Microforum" -#: ../../community_resources.md:19 +#: ../../community_resources.md:22 msgid "[link](https://forum.microlist.org/)" msgstr "[lien](https://forum.microlist.org/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:20 +#: ../../community_resources.md:23 msgid "Discussion forum for bioimaging sample preparation and acquisition" msgstr "" "Forum de discussion pour la préparation et l'acquisition d'échantillons de " "bioimagerie" -#: ../../community_resources.md:21 +#: ../../community_resources.md:24 msgid "Scientific Community Image Forum (Image . sc)" msgstr "Forum de l'image de la communauté scientifique (Image . sc)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:22 +#: ../../community_resources.md:25 msgid "[link](https://forum.image.sc/)" msgstr "[lien](https://forum.image.sc/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:23 +#: ../../community_resources.md:26 msgid "Discussion forum for bioimage analysis software {cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" msgstr "" "Forum de discussion sur le logiciel d'analyse de bioimages " "{cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" -#: ../../community_resources.md:24 +#: ../../community_resources.md:27 msgid "HMS Nikon Imaging Center \"Favorite References\"" msgstr "Centre d'imagerie HMS Nikon \"Références préférées\"" -#: ../../community_resources.md:25 +#: ../../community_resources.md:28 msgid "[link](https://nic.med.harvard.edu/fav_references/)" msgstr "[lien](https://nic.med.harvard.edu/fav_references/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:26 +#: ../../community_resources.md:29 msgid "" "A curated list of references related to many aspects of microscopy and image" " analysis" @@ -108,78 +122,78 @@ msgstr "" "Une liste organisée de références liées à de nombreux aspects de la " "microscopie et de l'analyse d'images" -#: ../../community_resources.md:29 +#: ../../community_resources.md:32 msgid "Local resources" msgstr "Ressources locales" -#: ../../community_resources.md:37 +#: ../../community_resources.md:40 msgid "BioImaging North America (BINA)" msgstr "Bioimagerie Amérique du Nord (BINA)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:38 +#: ../../community_resources.md:41 msgid "[link](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/)" msgstr "[lien](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:39 +#: ../../community_resources.md:42 msgid "Latin America BioImaging" msgstr "Amérique latine Bioimagerie" -#: ../../community_resources.md:40 +#: ../../community_resources.md:43 msgid "[link](https://www.latambioimaging.org/ )" msgstr "[lien](https://www.latambioimaging.org/ )" -#: ../../community_resources.md:41 +#: ../../community_resources.md:44 msgid "African BioImaging Consortium" msgstr "Consortium africain de bioimagerie" -#: ../../community_resources.md:42 +#: ../../community_resources.md:45 msgid "[link](https://www.africanbioimaging.org/)" msgstr "[lien](https://www.africanbioimaging.org/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:43 +#: ../../community_resources.md:46 msgid "South Africa BioImaging" msgstr "Afrique du Sud Bioimagerie" -#: ../../community_resources.md:44 +#: ../../community_resources.md:47 msgid "[link](https://www.sabioimaging.org/)" msgstr "[lien](https://www.sabioimaging.org/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:45 +#: ../../community_resources.md:48 msgid "Euro-bioimaging" msgstr "Euro-bioimagerie" -#: ../../community_resources.md:46 +#: ../../community_resources.md:49 msgid "[link](https://www.eurobioimaging.eu/)" msgstr "[lien](https://www.eurobioimaging.eu/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:47 +#: ../../community_resources.md:50 msgid "Advanced BioImaging support (Japan)" msgstr "Prise en charge avancée de la bioimagerie (Japon)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:48 +#: ../../community_resources.md:51 msgid "[link](https://www.nibb.ac.jp/abis/)" msgstr "[lien](https://www.nibb.ac.jp/abis/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:49 +#: ../../community_resources.md:52 msgid "Microscopy Australia" msgstr "Microscopie Australie" -#: ../../community_resources.md:50 +#: ../../community_resources.md:53 msgid "[link](https://micro.org.au/)" msgstr "[lien](https://micro.org.au/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:51 +#: ../../community_resources.md:54 msgid "Canada BioImaging" msgstr "Bioimagerie Canada" -#: ../../community_resources.md:52 +#: ../../community_resources.md:55 msgid "[link](https://www.canadabioimaging.org/)" msgstr "[lien](https://www.canadabioimaging.org/)" -#: ../../community_resources.md:53 +#: ../../community_resources.md:56 msgid "Singapore Microscopy Infrastructure Network" msgstr "Réseau d'infrastructure de microscopie de Singapour" -#: ../../community_resources.md:54 +#: ../../community_resources.md:57 msgid "[link](https://www.singascope.sg/)" msgstr "[lien](https://www.singascope.sg/)" From 8f450cfd911498296b79aff2ac79b6ed7c5257d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 13:47:55 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 66/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 144 ++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 65 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index 6e3736a5c..479dd2194 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -1,42 +1,53 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2023 +# Copyright (C) 2024 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Youssef Chebli, 2023 +# Beth Cimini, 2024 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 09:37-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.13.1\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../contributors.md:1 msgid "Contributing to this guide" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Contribuer à ce guide" #: ../../contributors.md:3 msgid "Contributors" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Collaborateurs" #: ../../contributors.md:5 msgid "" -"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper " -"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative " -"bioimaging " +"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper \"[**_A" +" biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " "experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" " "{cite}`Senft2023-zy`. by Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina " "Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig " -"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew" -" Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth" -" A. Cimini." -msgstr "" +"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew " +"Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth A. " +"Cimini." +msgstr "" +"Le matériel original de ce livre a été créé dans le cadre de l'article " +"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging" +" experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" {cite}` " +"Senft2023-zy`. par Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina Colarusso, " +"Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig Brideau, Paula " +"Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew Gonzales, Peter " +"Bankhead, Edward L Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri et Beth A. Cimini." #: ../../contributors.md:7 msgid "" @@ -44,28 +55,32 @@ msgid "" "contributions from the following members of the microscopy and bioimage " "analysis community!" msgstr "" +"Nous remercions chaleureusement les contributions des membres de la " +"communauté de microscopie et d'analyse de bioimages suivants!" #: ../../contributors.md:8 msgid "William Giang" -msgstr "" +msgstr "William Giang" #: ../../contributors.md:9 msgid "Robert Haase" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Robert Haase" #: ../../contributors.md:11 msgid "" "Improvements to the build and maintenance system for this book have come " "from" msgstr "" +"Les améliorations apportées au système de construction et de maintenance de " +"ce livre proviennent de" #: ../../contributors.md:12 msgid "Pete Bankhead" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pete Bankhead" #: ../../contributors.md:14 msgid "How can I become a contributor?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comment devenir collaborateur?" #: ../../contributors.md:16 msgid "" @@ -74,18 +89,27 @@ msgid "" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" +"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " +"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" +" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " +"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " +"disponibles." #: ../../contributors.md:18 msgid "" "We currently also offer a [Google " "Form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly " -"than direct contributions to the GitHub repository." +" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly than " +"direct contributions to the GitHub repository." msgstr "" +"Nous vous proposons également un [formulaire " +"Google](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" +" pour y ajouter vos contributions. Notez que celles-ci peuvent être traitées" +" plus lentement que les contributions directes au référentiel GitHub." #: ../../contributors.md:21 msgid "Translation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Traduction" #: ../../contributors.md:23 msgid "" @@ -94,70 +118,32 @@ msgid "" "[Portuguese](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org), and " "[Spanish](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." msgstr "" +"Ce guide est disponible en [anglais](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) ainsi " +"qu'en [tchèque](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org), " +"[portugais](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org ), et " +"[espagnol](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." #: ../../contributors.md:25 msgid "" -"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - " -"translation is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, " -"Japanese, Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these " -"languages, or another language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT" -" broadinstitute DOT org." +"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - translation " +"is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, Japanese, " +"Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these languages, or another" +" language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." msgstr "" +"Des travaux sont en cours pour traduire ce guide dans d'autres langues : une" +" traduction est prévue ou a commencé en français, allemand, finnois, " +"italien, japonais, polonais et farsi. Pour aider à traduire dans l'une de " +"ces langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez " +"contacter bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." #: ../../contributors.md:27 msgid "Translations are gratefully acknowledged from:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Nous remercions chaleureusement les traducteurs :" #: ../../contributors.md:29 msgid "Czech : Martin Schätz" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Tchèque : Martin Schätz" #: ../../contributors.md:30 msgid "Portuguese: Mario Costa Cruz" -msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The original material for this book " -#~ "was created as part of the paper" -#~ " [A biologist’s guide to the field" -#~ " of quantitative " -#~ "bioimaging](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439283) by " -#~ "Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*," -#~ " Pina Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim " -#~ "Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, " -#~ "Craig Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, " -#~ "Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin " -#~ "Andrew Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward " -#~ "L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and" -#~ " Beth A. Cimini." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Work is underway to translate this " -#~ "guide into other languages - translation" -#~ " is planned or has begun in " -#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, Czech, and " -#~ "Polish. To help translate into one " -#~ "of these languages, or another language" -#~ " not listed here, please contact " -#~ "bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "This guide is available in " -#~ "[English](www.bioimagingguide.org) as well as " -#~ "Czech(cz.bioimagingguide.org)." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Work is underway to translate this " -#~ "guide into other languages - translation" -#~ " is planned or has begun in " -#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Finnish," -#~ " and Polish. To help translate into" -#~ " one of these languages, or another" -#~ " language not listed here, please " -#~ "contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT " -#~ "org." -#~ msgstr "" - +msgstr "Portugais : Mario Costa Cruz" From 85391c593e74441098a495415b0fec0a71f15919 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 13:48:11 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 67/76] Translate 03_Image_analysis.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '03_Image_analysis.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po | 21 +++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po index c26404f35..4e3590e77 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po @@ -1,19 +1,19 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2023 +# Copyright (C) 2024 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # # Translators: -# Beth Cimini, 2023 +# Beth Cimini, 2024 # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-06-15 11:57-0400\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 09:37-0400\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" "Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" @@ -332,11 +332,11 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:11 msgid "" -"As an example, it is possible for two people to work in the same building an" -" never interact." +"As an example, it is possible for two people to work in the same building " +"and never interact." msgstr "" -"Par exemple, il est possible que deux personnes travaillent dans le même " -"bâtiment sans jamais interagir." +"A titre d’exemple, il est possible que deux personnes travaillent dans le " +"même bâtiment sans jamais interagir." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:21 msgid "degrees of colocalization" @@ -465,6 +465,11 @@ msgstr "" "corrélation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151/Image-" "co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}` Aaron2018-qi`" +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:1 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:1 +msgid "Default Caption" +msgstr "Légende par défaut" + #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:1 msgid "Common types of analysis" msgstr "Types d'analyse courants" From ca61849d957a1e287a7b963ce0bfd80140fa79f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 14:15:41 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 68/76] Removing _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 94% of minimum 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 150 ++++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 84 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index 479dd2194..fb947f7a0 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -1,53 +1,42 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2024 +# Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. -# -# Translators: -# Youssef Chebli, 2023 -# Beth Cimini, 2024 -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 09:37-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" -"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 10:14-0400\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" +"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" +"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Language: fr\n" -"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" +"Generated-By: Babel 2.13.1\n" #: ../../contributors.md:1 msgid "Contributing to this guide" -msgstr "Contribuer à ce guide" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:3 msgid "Contributors" -msgstr "Collaborateurs" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:5 msgid "" -"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper \"[**_A" -" biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " +"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper " +"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative " +"bioimaging " "experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" " "{cite}`Senft2023-zy`. by Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina " "Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig " -"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew " -"Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth A. " -"Cimini." -msgstr "" -"Le matériel original de ce livre a été créé dans le cadre de l'article " -"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging" -" experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" {cite}` " -"Senft2023-zy`. par Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina Colarusso, " -"Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig Brideau, Paula " -"Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew Gonzales, Peter " -"Bankhead, Edward L Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri et Beth A. Cimini." +"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew" +" Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth" +" A. Cimini." +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:7 msgid "" @@ -55,32 +44,28 @@ msgid "" "contributions from the following members of the microscopy and bioimage " "analysis community!" msgstr "" -"Nous remercions chaleureusement les contributions des membres de la " -"communauté de microscopie et d'analyse de bioimages suivants!" #: ../../contributors.md:8 msgid "William Giang" -msgstr "William Giang" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:9 msgid "Robert Haase" -msgstr "Robert Haase" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:11 msgid "" "Improvements to the build and maintenance system for this book have come " "from" msgstr "" -"Les améliorations apportées au système de construction et de maintenance de " -"ce livre proviennent de" #: ../../contributors.md:12 msgid "Pete Bankhead" -msgstr "Pete Bankhead" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:14 msgid "How can I become a contributor?" -msgstr "Comment devenir collaborateur?" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:16 msgid "" @@ -89,27 +74,18 @@ msgid "" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" -"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " -"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" -" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " -"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " -"disponibles." #: ../../contributors.md:18 msgid "" "We currently also offer a [Google " "Form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly than " -"direct contributions to the GitHub repository." +" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly " +"than direct contributions to the GitHub repository." msgstr "" -"Nous vous proposons également un [formulaire " -"Google](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" pour y ajouter vos contributions. Notez que celles-ci peuvent être traitées" -" plus lentement que les contributions directes au référentiel GitHub." #: ../../contributors.md:21 msgid "Translation" -msgstr "Traduction" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:23 msgid "" @@ -118,32 +94,74 @@ msgid "" "[Portuguese](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org), and " "[Spanish](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." msgstr "" -"Ce guide est disponible en [anglais](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) ainsi " -"qu'en [tchèque](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org), " -"[portugais](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org ), et " -"[espagnol](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." #: ../../contributors.md:25 msgid "" -"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - translation " -"is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, Japanese, " -"Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these languages, or another" -" language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." +"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - " +"translation is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, " +"Japanese, Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these " +"languages, or another language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT" +" broadinstitute DOT org." msgstr "" -"Des travaux sont en cours pour traduire ce guide dans d'autres langues : une" -" traduction est prévue ou a commencé en français, allemand, finnois, " -"italien, japonais, polonais et farsi. Pour aider à traduire dans l'une de " -"ces langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez " -"contacter bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." #: ../../contributors.md:27 msgid "Translations are gratefully acknowledged from:" -msgstr "Nous remercions chaleureusement les traducteurs :" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:29 msgid "Czech : Martin Schätz" -msgstr "Tchèque : Martin Schätz" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:30 msgid "Portuguese: Mario Costa Cruz" -msgstr "Portugais : Mario Costa Cruz" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../contributors.md:31 +msgid "Spanish: Mariana De Niz" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The original material for this book " +#~ "was created as part of the paper" +#~ " [A biologist’s guide to the field" +#~ " of quantitative " +#~ "bioimaging](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439283) by " +#~ "Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*," +#~ " Pina Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim " +#~ "Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, " +#~ "Craig Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, " +#~ "Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin " +#~ "Andrew Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward " +#~ "L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and" +#~ " Beth A. Cimini." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Work is underway to translate this " +#~ "guide into other languages - translation" +#~ " is planned or has begun in " +#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, Czech, and " +#~ "Polish. To help translate into one " +#~ "of these languages, or another language" +#~ " not listed here, please contact " +#~ "bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This guide is available in " +#~ "[English](www.bioimagingguide.org) as well as " +#~ "Czech(cz.bioimagingguide.org)." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Work is underway to translate this " +#~ "guide into other languages - translation" +#~ " is planned or has begun in " +#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Finnish," +#~ " and Polish. To help translate into" +#~ " one of these languages, or another" +#~ " language not listed here, please " +#~ "contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT " +#~ "org." +#~ msgstr "" + From 0f6d71a5991a9e14de18f31369ac45eed8573a00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 14:16:04 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 69/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 146 ++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index fb947f7a0..8c0955de7 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -1,42 +1,53 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2023 +# Copyright (C) 2024 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Youssef Chebli, 2023 +# Beth Cimini, 2024 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 10:14-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.13.1\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../contributors.md:1 msgid "Contributing to this guide" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Contribuer à ce guide" #: ../../contributors.md:3 msgid "Contributors" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Collaborateurs" #: ../../contributors.md:5 msgid "" -"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper " -"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative " -"bioimaging " +"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper \"[**_A" +" biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " "experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" " "{cite}`Senft2023-zy`. by Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina " "Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig " -"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew" -" Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth" -" A. Cimini." -msgstr "" +"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew " +"Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth A. " +"Cimini." +msgstr "" +"Le matériel original de ce livre a été créé dans le cadre de l'article " +"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging" +" experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" {cite}` " +"Senft2023-zy`. par Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina Colarusso, " +"Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig Brideau, Paula " +"Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew Gonzales, Peter " +"Bankhead, Edward L Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri et Beth A. Cimini." #: ../../contributors.md:7 msgid "" @@ -44,28 +55,32 @@ msgid "" "contributions from the following members of the microscopy and bioimage " "analysis community!" msgstr "" +"Nous remercions chaleureusement les contributions des membres de la " +"communauté de microscopie et d'analyse de bioimages suivants!" #: ../../contributors.md:8 msgid "William Giang" -msgstr "" +msgstr "William Giang" #: ../../contributors.md:9 msgid "Robert Haase" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Robert Haase" #: ../../contributors.md:11 msgid "" "Improvements to the build and maintenance system for this book have come " "from" msgstr "" +"Les améliorations apportées au système de construction et de maintenance de " +"ce livre proviennent de" #: ../../contributors.md:12 msgid "Pete Bankhead" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pete Bankhead" #: ../../contributors.md:14 msgid "How can I become a contributor?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comment devenir collaborateur?" #: ../../contributors.md:16 msgid "" @@ -74,18 +89,27 @@ msgid "" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" +"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " +"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" +" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " +"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " +"disponibles." #: ../../contributors.md:18 msgid "" "We currently also offer a [Google " "Form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly " -"than direct contributions to the GitHub repository." +" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly than " +"direct contributions to the GitHub repository." msgstr "" +"Nous vous proposons également un [formulaire " +"Google](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" +" pour y ajouter vos contributions. Notez que celles-ci peuvent être traitées" +" plus lentement que les contributions directes au référentiel GitHub." #: ../../contributors.md:21 msgid "Translation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Traduction" #: ../../contributors.md:23 msgid "" @@ -94,74 +118,36 @@ msgid "" "[Portuguese](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org), and " "[Spanish](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." msgstr "" +"Ce guide est disponible en [anglais](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) ainsi " +"qu'en [tchèque](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org), " +"[portugais](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org ), et " +"[espagnol](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." #: ../../contributors.md:25 msgid "" -"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - " -"translation is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, " -"Japanese, Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these " -"languages, or another language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT" -" broadinstitute DOT org." +"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - translation " +"is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, Japanese, " +"Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these languages, or another" +" language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." msgstr "" +"Des travaux sont en cours pour traduire ce guide dans d'autres langues : une" +" traduction est prévue ou a commencé en français, allemand, finnois, " +"italien, japonais, polonais et farsi. Pour aider à traduire dans l'une de " +"ces langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez " +"contacter bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." #: ../../contributors.md:27 msgid "Translations are gratefully acknowledged from:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Nous remercions chaleureusement les traducteurs :" #: ../../contributors.md:29 msgid "Czech : Martin Schätz" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Tchèque : Martin Schätz" #: ../../contributors.md:30 msgid "Portuguese: Mario Costa Cruz" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Portugais : Mario Costa Cruz" #: ../../contributors.md:31 msgid "Spanish: Mariana De Niz" -msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The original material for this book " -#~ "was created as part of the paper" -#~ " [A biologist’s guide to the field" -#~ " of quantitative " -#~ "bioimaging](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439283) by " -#~ "Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*," -#~ " Pina Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim " -#~ "Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, " -#~ "Craig Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, " -#~ "Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin " -#~ "Andrew Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward " -#~ "L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and" -#~ " Beth A. Cimini." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Work is underway to translate this " -#~ "guide into other languages - translation" -#~ " is planned or has begun in " -#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, Czech, and " -#~ "Polish. To help translate into one " -#~ "of these languages, or another language" -#~ " not listed here, please contact " -#~ "bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "This guide is available in " -#~ "[English](www.bioimagingguide.org) as well as " -#~ "Czech(cz.bioimagingguide.org)." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Work is underway to translate this " -#~ "guide into other languages - translation" -#~ " is planned or has begun in " -#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Finnish," -#~ " and Polish. To help translate into" -#~ " one of these languages, or another" -#~ " language not listed here, please " -#~ "contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT " -#~ "org." -#~ msgstr "" - +msgstr "Espagnol : Mariana De Niz" From b06ab9ddb62df48fbe4b0aebfda8c03eb0fd948f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 15:06:26 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 70/76] Removing 04_Data_presentation.pot in fr 98% of minimum 100% translated source file: '04_Data_presentation.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po | 996 ++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 454 insertions(+), 542 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po index 22484ad79..08b0e7fa9 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po @@ -1,119 +1,91 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. -# -# Translators: -# Beth Cimini, 2023 -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-06-28 07:29-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2023\n" -"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 15:03+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" +"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" +"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Language: fr\n" -"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" +"Generated-By: Babel 2.14.0\n" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Introduction.md:1 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:3 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/_notinyet_Presentation_graphs.md:3 msgid "Introduction" -msgstr "Introduction" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Introduction.md:3 msgid "" "When presenting microscopy image data in biology and biomedicine, it's " -"important to consider the quality of the images, the labeling and annotation" -" of important features, and the overall visual appeal. This also applies to " -"diagrams and plots which convey numerical data derived from microscopy " -"images. Chart types must in addition be suitable for the specific data that " -"is being conveyed to not mislead audiences. This applies to image data in " -"scientific posters, talk-slides, or publications." -msgstr "" -"Lors de la présentation de données d'images microscopiques en biologie et en" -" biomédecine, il est important de prendre en compte la qualité des images, " -"l'étiquetage et l'annotation des caractéristiques importantes, ainsi que " -"l'attrait visuel global. Cela s'applique également aux diagrammes et aux " -"tracés qui transmettent des données numériques dérivées d'images de " -"microscopie. Les types de graphiques doivent en outre être adaptés aux " -"données spécifiques qui sont transmises pour ne pas induire le public en " -"erreur. Cela s'applique aux données d'image dans les affiches scientifiques," -" les diaporamas ou les publications." +"important to consider the quality of the images, the labeling and " +"annotation of important features, and the overall visual appeal. This " +"also applies to diagrams and plots which convey numerical data derived " +"from microscopy images. Chart types must in addition be suitable for the " +"specific data that is being conveyed to not mislead audiences. This " +"applies to image data in scientific posters, talk-slides, or " +"publications." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:1 msgid "Presentation of microscopy images" -msgstr "Présentation des images de microscopie" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:3 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:9 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:34 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:57 msgid "What is it?" -msgstr "Qu'est-ce que c'est?" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:5 msgid "" "Microscopy images are often shown in scientific papers to illustrate a " -"particular conclusion. While qualitative conclusions are not a subsitute for" -" quantitative comparisons (see next section), images can certainly guide our" -" reasoning and our conclusions. Following a few consistent best practices " -"ensures that these conclusions are correct and robust." -msgstr "" -"Les images de microscopie sont souvent présentées dans des articles " -"scientifiques pour illustrer une conclusion particulière. Si les conclusions" -" qualitatives ne remplacent pas les comparaisons quantitatives (voir section" -" suivante), les images peuvent certainement guider notre raisonnement et nos" -" conclusions. Suivre quelques bonnes pratiques cohérentes garantit que ces " -"conclusions sont correctes et solides." +"particular conclusion. While qualitative conclusions are not a subsitute " +"for quantitative comparisons (see next section), images can certainly " +"guide our reasoning and our conclusions. Following a few consistent best " +"practices ensures that these conclusions are correct and robust." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:14 msgid "10 tips for image presentation" -msgstr "10 conseils pour la présentation d'images" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:14 msgid "" "**A brief visual summary of image presentation tips.** Figure by Helena " "Jambor. [Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7750259)" msgstr "" -"**Un bref résumé visuel des conseils de présentation d'image.** Figure par " -"Helena Jambor. [Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7750259)" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md msgid "Adjust the image crop, orientation, and size." -msgstr "Ajustez le recadrage, l'orientation et la taille de l'image." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:18 msgid "" -"For any adjustments, work with an image copy and do not alter the original " -"file. Note, do not use adjusted images for quantitative image data analyses" -" Adjustments to effectively communicate the image content may include " -"removing uninformative image regions (crop), changing the image orientation," -" and adjusting the size. Note that rotation and re-sizing may change the " -"image data when pixel information is redistributed." -msgstr "" -"Pour tout ajustement, travaillez avec une copie d'image et ne modifiez pas " -"le fichier d'origine. Remarque, n'utilisez pas d'images ajustées pour les " -"analyses quantitatives de données d'image. Les ajustements pour communiquer " -"efficacement le contenu de l'image peuvent inclure la suppression de régions" -" d'image non informatives (recadrage), la modification de l'orientation de " -"l'image et l'ajustement de la taille. Notez que la rotation et le " -"redimensionnement peuvent modifier les données d'image lorsque les " -"informations de pixel sont redistribuées." +"For any adjustments, work with an image copy and do not alter the " +"original file. Note, do not use adjusted images for quantitative image " +"data analyses Adjustments to effectively communicate the image content " +"may include removing uninformative image regions (crop), changing the " +"image orientation, and adjusting the size. Note that rotation and re-" +"sizing may change the image data when pixel information is redistributed." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:17 msgid "rotation" -msgstr "rotation" +msgstr "" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md msgid "🤔 How do I do it?" -msgstr "🤔 Comment faire ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:25 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:43 @@ -122,103 +94,76 @@ msgstr "🤔 Comment faire ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:98 msgid "See the [cheat-sheet below](image-cheat-sheet) for more information." msgstr "" -"Voir la [aide-mémoire ci-dessous] (image-aide-mémoire) pour plus " -"d'informations." -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md msgid "⚠️ Where can things go wrong?" msgstr "" -" ⚠️ Où les choses peuvent-elles mal " -"tourner ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:28 msgid "Any adjustments that alter the conclusions are not permitted." -msgstr "Tout ajustement modifiant les conclusions n'est pas autorisé." +msgstr "" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md msgid "📚🤷‍♀️ Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "📚🤷‍♀️ Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:31 msgid "" "📄 [Reproducible image handling and " "analysis](https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020105889) {cite}`Miura2021-mb`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Manipulation et analyse d'images " -"reproductibles](https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020105889) " -"{cite}`Miura2021-mb`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:32 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:49 +#, python-format msgid "" -"📄 [Avoiding Twisted Pixels: Ethical Guidelines for the Appropriate Use and " -"Manipulation of Scientific Digital " -"Images](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11948-010-9201-y) {cite}`Cromey2010-jr`" -msgstr "" -"📄 [Éviter les pixels torsadés : directives éthiques pour l'utilisation et la" -" manipulation appropriées des images numériques " -"scientifiques](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11948-010-9201-y) " +"📄 [Avoiding Twisted Pixels: Ethical Guidelines for the Appropriate Use " +"and Manipulation of Scientific Digital " +"Images](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11948-010-9201-y) " "{cite}`Cromey2010-jr`" +msgstr "" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md msgid "Enhance visibility of image content" -msgstr "Améliorer la visibilité du contenu de l'image" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:37 msgid "" -"Images often do not have regular spaced intensity values. To still display " -"the data visible on a screen/in a figure, adjustments of brightness and " -"contrast are usually necessary." +"Images often do not have regular spaced intensity values. To still " +"display the data visible on a screen/in a figure, adjustments of " +"brightness and contrast are usually necessary." msgstr "" -"Les images n'ont souvent pas de valeurs d'intensité espacées régulières. " -"Pour afficher toujours les données visibles sur un écran/dans une figure, " -"des réglages de luminosité et de contraste sont généralement nécessaires." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:36 msgid "image adjustment" -msgstr "ajustement des images" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:46 msgid "" "Any adjustments that result in the disappearance of image details are " "considered misleading {cite}`Cromey2010-jr`. Note that many nonlinear " -"transformations of brightness and contrast are available in image processing" -" software, before using these users should ensure that they faithfully " -"represent the data to avoid accidentally misleading audiences and disclose " -"them as annotations." -msgstr "" -"Tout ajustement entraînant la disparition des détails de l'image est " -"considéré comme trompeur {cite}`Cromey2010-jr`. Notez que de nombreuses " -"transformations non linéaires de luminosité et de contraste sont disponibles" -" dans les logiciels de traitement d'image, avant d'utiliser ces utilisateurs" -" doivent s'assurer qu'ils représentent fidèlement les données pour éviter " -"d'induire accidentellement le public en erreur et de les divulguer sous " -"forme d'annotations." - -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +"transformations of brightness and contrast are available in image " +"processing software, before using these users should ensure that they " +"faithfully represent the data to avoid accidentally misleading audiences " +"and disclose them as annotations." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md msgid "Use accessible colors" -msgstr "Utiliser des couleurs accessibles" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:54 msgid "" "Fluorescent microscope images are often composed of data from multiple " "wavelengths/color channels. To best visualize molecular structures, " -"individual channels can be shown in separate grayscale images. When colors " -"are chosen to represent the illumination wavelength (blue, green, red, far-" -"red), for example Green-Fluorescent Protein is shown in green color, be " -"reminded that intensity values on a black background reduces the level of " -"detail." -msgstr "" -"Les images au microscope fluorescent sont souvent composées de données " -"provenant de plusieurs longueurs d'onde/canaux de couleur. Pour mieux " -"visualiser les structures moléculaires, les canaux individuels peuvent être " -"affichés dans des images en niveaux de gris distinctes. Lorsque des couleurs" -" sont choisies pour représenter la longueur d'onde d'éclairage (bleu, vert, " -"rouge, rouge lointain), par exemple la protéine fluorescente verte est " -"affichée en vert, rappelez-vous que les valeurs d'intensité sur un fond noir" -" réduisent le niveau de détail." +"individual channels can be shown in separate grayscale images. When " +"colors are chosen to represent the illumination wavelength (blue, green, " +"red, far-red), for example Green-Fluorescent Protein is shown in green " +"color, be reminded that intensity values on a black background reduces " +"the level of detail." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:56 msgid "" @@ -226,34 +171,22 @@ msgid "" "that structures are visible, i.e., that the overlay does not obstruct " "features and that the colors used are clearly distinguishable." msgstr "" -"Lorsque les canaux sont superposés dans des images «composites», les auteurs" -" doivent s'assurer que les structures sont visibles, c'est-à-dire que la " -"superposition n'obstrue pas les caractéristiques et que les couleurs " -"utilisées se distinguent clairement." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:53 msgid "multicolor image composition" -msgstr "composition d'image multicolore" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:65 msgid "" -"For composite images consider if color combinations are accessible to color-" -"blind audiences (e.g. not combine red with green, but rather magenta and " -"green, see reference below for examples) and possibly additionally show " -"individual channels in grayscale for maximizing accessibility and detail. " -"Tools for color blindness simulation of the images exist in image processing" -" software (ImageJ/Fiji) and visibility of colors in final image figures can " -"be tested with applications such as ColorOracle." -msgstr "" -"Pour les images composites, déterminez si les combinaisons de couleurs sont " -"accessibles aux publics daltoniens (par exemple, ne pas combiner le rouge " -"avec le vert, mais plutôt le magenta et le vert, voir la référence ci-" -"dessous pour des exemples) et éventuellement afficher en plus des canaux " -"individuels en niveaux de gris pour maximiser l'accessibilité et les " -"détails. Des outils de simulation de daltonisme des images existent dans un " -"logiciel de traitement d'image (ImageJ/Fiji) et la visibilité des couleurs " -"dans les images finales peut être testée avec des applications telles que " +"For composite images consider if color combinations are accessible to " +"color-blind audiences (e.g. not combine red with green, but rather " +"magenta and green, see reference below for examples) and possibly " +"additionally show individual channels in grayscale for maximizing " +"accessibility and detail. Tools for color blindness simulation of the " +"images exist in image processing software (ImageJ/Fiji) and visibility of" +" colors in final image figures can be tested with applications such as " "ColorOracle." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:69 msgid "" @@ -261,388 +194,267 @@ msgid "" "publications](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161) " "{cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Créer des images claires et informatives pour les publications " -"scientifiques](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161) " -"{cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md msgid "Annotate key image features" -msgstr "Annoter les principales caractéristiques de l'image" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:74 msgid "" -"Each image needs a reference to its physical dimensions. This is typically " -"achieved by including a scale bar with dimensions annotated in the image or " -"the figure legend." +"Each image needs a reference to its physical dimensions. This is " +"typically achieved by including a scale bar with dimensions annotated in " +"the image or the figure legend." msgstr "" -"Chaque image a besoin d'une référence à ses dimensions physiques. Ceci est " -"généralement réalisé en incluant une barre d'échelle avec des dimensions " -"annotées dans l'image ou la légende de la figure." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:76 msgid "" "In addition, authors should remember to annotate the colors used, any " -"symbols and arrows used to guide readers, and, if used, the origin of any " -"zoom/inset. If specialized images are shown (time-lapse, volumes, " +"symbols and arrows used to guide readers, and, if used, the origin of any" +" zoom/inset. If specialized images are shown (time-lapse, volumes, " "reconstructions) authors are encouraged to consider annotating important " "information in the figures." msgstr "" -"De plus, les auteurs doivent se rappeler d'annoter les couleurs utilisées, " -"tous les symboles et flèches utilisés pour guider les lecteurs et, le cas " -"échéant, l'origine de tout zoom/incrustation. Si des images spécialisées " -"sont présentées (time-lapse, volumes, reconstructions), les auteurs sont " -"encouragés à envisager d'annoter les informations importantes dans les " -"figures." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:73 msgid "speech bubbles" -msgstr "bulles" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:85 msgid "" -"Lack of details and missing of key explanations will make it impossible for " -"audiences to interpret image data in figures. To unambiguously reference " -"probes consider using terms from the ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary, a " -"standardized nomenclature for probers used in cytometry and microscopy." +"Lack of details and missing of key explanations will make it impossible " +"for audiences to interpret image data in figures. To unambiguously " +"reference probes consider using terms from the ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary," +" a standardized nomenclature for probers used in cytometry and " +"microscopy." msgstr "" -"Le manque de détails et l'absence d'explications clés empêcheront le public " -"d'interpréter les données d'image en chiffres. Pour référencer sans " -"ambiguïté les sondes, envisagez d'utiliser les termes du dictionnaire ISAC " -"Probe Tag, une nomenclature normalisée pour les sondes utilisées en " -"cytométrie et en microscopie." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:89 msgid "" -"📄 [ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary: Standardized Nomenclature for Detection and " -"Visualization Labels Used in Cytometry and Microscopy Imaging " +"📄 [ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary: Standardized Nomenclature for Detection and" +" Visualization Labels Used in Cytometry and Microscopy Imaging " "](https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24224) {cite}`Blenman2021-ki`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Dictionnaire d'étiquettes de sonde ISAC : Nomenclature normalisée pour " -"les étiquettes de détection et de visualisation utilisées en cytométrie et " -"en imagerie microscopique] (https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24224) " -"{cite}`Blenman2021-ki`" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md msgid "Explain the image" -msgstr "Expliquer l'image" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:95 msgid "" -"To rapidly orient audiences, a minimal explanatory text should be presented " -"along with images. This includes the figure legend and the methods section " -"in scientific papers or the title of figures in posters and slides. Consider" -" using a controlled vocabulary to reduce ambiguity and increase machine-" -"readability of the descriptions of specimens, tissues, cell lines, and " -"proteins etc. A useful tool is the [RRID (Reseach Resource Identifying " -"Data)index](https://scicrunch.org/resources) , which provides indices for " -"commonly used biological reagents and resources, e.g., plasmids, cell lines " -"and antibodies ." -msgstr "" -"Pour orienter rapidement le public, un texte explicatif minimal doit être " -"présenté accompagné d'images. Cela inclut la légende des figures et la " -"section des méthodes dans les articles scientifiques ou le titre des figures" -" dans les affiches et les diapositives. Envisagez d'utiliser un vocabulaire " -"contrôlé pour réduire l'ambiguïté et augmenter la lisibilité par machine des" -" descriptions d'échantillons, de tissus, de lignées cellulaires et de " -"protéines, etc. Un outil utile est l'index [RRID (Reseach Resource " -"Identifying Data)](https://scicrunch. org/resources) , qui fournit des " -"indices pour les réactifs et ressources biologiques couramment utilisés, par" -" exemple les plasmides, les lignées cellulaires et les anticorps ." +"To rapidly orient audiences, a minimal explanatory text should be " +"presented along with images. This includes the figure legend and the " +"methods section in scientific papers or the title of figures in posters " +"and slides. Consider using a controlled vocabulary to reduce ambiguity " +"and increase machine-readability of the descriptions of specimens, " +"tissues, cell lines, and proteins etc. A useful tool is the [RRID " +"(Reseach Resource Identifying " +"Data)index](https://scicrunch.org/resources) , which provides indices for" +" commonly used biological reagents and resources, e.g., plasmids, cell " +"lines and antibodies ." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:101 msgid "" -"Missing explanations of image details/methods may result in non-reproducible" -" data and limits the insights from the data." +"Missing explanations of image details/methods may result in non-" +"reproducible data and limits the insights from the data." msgstr "" -"Des explications manquantes sur les détails/méthodes de l'image peuvent " -"entraîner des données non reproductibles et limiter les informations tirées " -"des données." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:104 msgid "" -"📄 [Replication Study: Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by " -"stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and " +"📄 [Replication Study: Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by" +" stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and " "metastasis](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.45120) {cite}`Sheen2019-bg`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Étude de réplication : le remodelage biomécanique du microenvironnement " -"par la cavéoline stromale-1 favorise l'invasion tumorale et les " -"métastases](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.45120) {cite}`Sheen2019-bg`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:105 msgid "" "📄 [Imaging methods are vastly underreported in biomedical " "research](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.55133) {cite}`Marques2020-nx`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Les méthodes d'imagerie sont largement sous-estimées dans la recherche " -"biomédicale](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.55133) {cite}`Marques2020-nx`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:106 msgid "" -"📄 [Are figure legends sufficient? Evaluating the contribution of associated " -"text to biomedical figure " +"📄 [Are figure legends sufficient? Evaluating the contribution of " +"associated text to biomedical figure " "comprehension.](https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5333-4-1) {cite}`Yu2009-ip`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Les légendes des figures sont-elles suffisantes ? Évaluation de la " -"contribution du texte associé à la compréhension des figures " -"biomédicales.](https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5333-4-1) {cite}`Yu2009-ip`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:110 msgid "Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:112 msgid "" -"Check out _Creating clear and informative image-based figures for scientific" -" publications_{cite}`Jambor2021-qe` and _Community-developed checklists for " -"publishing images and image analysis_{cite}`Schmied2023-ad` for more tips " -"and best practices for making image figures." +"Check out _Creating clear and informative image-based figures for " +"scientific publications_{cite}`Jambor2021-qe` and _Community-developed " +"checklists for publishing images and image " +"analysis_{cite}`Schmied2023-ad` for more tips and best practices for " +"making image figures." msgstr "" -"Consultez _Création de figures claires et informatives basées sur des images" -" pour les publications scientifiques_{cite}`Jambor2021-qe` et _Listes de " -"contrôle développées par la communauté pour la publication d'images et " -"l'analyse d'images_{cite}`Schmied2023-ad` pour plus de conseils et de bonnes" -" pratiques pour créer des figures d'image." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:114 msgid "" "A cheat sheet on how to do basic image preparation with open source " "software:" msgstr "" -"Aide-mémoire expliquant comment effectuer une préparation d'image de base " -"avec un logiciel open source :" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:124 msgid "Instructions for common image processing operations in Fiji" msgstr "" -"Instructions pour les opérations courantes de traitement d'images aux Fidji" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:124 msgid "" -"**How to correctly perform various image manipulations in Fiji.** Figure by " -"Christopher Schmied and Helena Jambor. " +"**How to correctly perform various image manipulations in Fiji.** Figure " +"by Christopher Schmied and Helena Jambor. " "[Source](https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27140.2)" msgstr "" -"**Comment effectuer correctement diverses manipulations d'images aux " -"Fidji.** Figure de Christopher Schmied et Helena Jambor. " -"[Source](https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27140.2)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:1 msgid "Resources for learning more" -msgstr "Des ressources pour en savoir plus" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:8 msgid "**Resource Name**" -msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:9 msgid "**Link**" -msgstr "**Lien**" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:10 msgid "**Brief description**" -msgstr "**Brève description**" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:11 msgid "" "📄 Creating clear and informative image-based figures for scientific " "publications {cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" msgstr "" -"📄 Création de figures claires et informatives basées sur des images pour les" -" publications scientifiques {cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:12 msgid "" "[link](https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161" " )" msgstr "" -"[lien](https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:13 msgid "" "Review article on how to create accessible, fair scientific figures, " "including guidelines for microscopy images" msgstr "" -"Article de revue sur la façon de créer des figures scientifiques accessibles" -" et équitables, y compris des lignes directrices pour les images de " -"microscopie" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:14 msgid "" -"📄 Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analysis " -"{cite}`Schmied2023-ad`" +"📄 Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analysis" +" {cite}`Schmied2023-ad`" msgstr "" -"📄 Listes de contrôle développées par la communauté pour la publication " -"d'images et l'analyse d'images {cite}`Schmied2023-ad`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:15 msgid "[link](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07005)" -msgstr "[lien](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07005)" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:16 msgid "" -"A paper recommending checklists and best practices for publishing image data" +"A paper recommending checklists and best practices for publishing image " +"data. [It also has a JupyterBook](https://quarep-" +"limi.github.io/WG12_checklists_for_image_publishing/intro.html)" msgstr "" -"Un document recommandant des listes de contrôle et les meilleures pratiques " -"pour la publication de données d'image" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:17 msgid "📖 Modern Statistics for Modern Biology {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" msgstr "" -"📖 Statistiques modernes pour la biologie moderne {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:18 msgid "[link](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/)" -msgstr "[lien](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/)" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:19 msgid "Online statistics for biologists textbook with code examples (in R)" msgstr "" -"Manuel de statistiques en ligne pour les biologistes avec exemples de code " -"(en R)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:1 msgid "Statistics" -msgstr "Statistiques" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:5 msgid "" -"Quantitative data is often summarized and analysed with statistical methods " -"and visualized with plots/graphs/diagrams. Statistical methods reveal " -"quantitative trends, patterns, and outliers in data, while plots and graphs " -"help to convey them to audiences. Carrying out a suitable statistical " -"analysis and choosing a suitable chart type for your data, identifying their" -" potential pitfalls, and faithfully realising the analysis or generating the" -" chart with suitable software are essential to back up experimental " -"conclusions with data and reach communication goals." -msgstr "" -"Les données quantitatives sont souvent résumées et analysées avec des " -"méthodes statistiques et visualisées avec des tracés/graphiques/diagrammes. " -"Les méthodes statistiques révèlent des tendances quantitatives, des modèles " -"et des valeurs aberrantes dans les données, tandis que les tracés et les " -"graphiques aident à les transmettre au public. Réaliser une analyse " -"statistique appropriée et choisir un type de graphique adapté à vos données," -" identifier leurs pièges potentiels et réaliser fidèlement l'analyse ou " -"générer le graphique avec un logiciel approprié sont essentiels pour étayer " -"les conclusions expérimentales avec des données et atteindre les objectifs " -"de communication." +"Quantitative data is often summarized and analysed with statistical " +"methods and visualized with plots/graphs/diagrams. Statistical methods " +"reveal quantitative trends, patterns, and outliers in data, while plots " +"and graphs help to convey them to audiences. Carrying out a suitable " +"statistical analysis and choosing a suitable chart type for your data, " +"identifying their potential pitfalls, and faithfully realising the " +"analysis or generating the chart with suitable software are essential to " +"back up experimental conclusions with data and reach communication goals." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:7 msgid "Dimensionality reduction" -msgstr "Réduction de la dimensionnalité" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:10 msgid "" -"Dimensionality reduction (also called dimension reduction) aims at mapping " -"high-dimensional data onto a lower-dimensional space in order to better " -"reveal trends and patterns. Algorithms performing this task attempt to " -"retain as much information as possible when reducing the dimensionality of " -"the data: this is achieved by assigning importance scores to individual " -"features, removing redundancies, and identifying uninformative (for instance" -" constant) features. Dimensionality reduction is an important step in " -"quantitative analysis as it makes data more manageable and easier to " -"visualize. It is also an important preprocessing step in many downstream " -"analysis algorithms, such as machine learning classifiers." -msgstr "" -"La réduction de dimensionnalité (également appelée réduction de dimension) " -"vise à cartographier des données de grande dimension sur un espace de " -"dimension inférieure afin de mieux révéler les tendances et les modèles. Les" -" algorithmes effectuant cette tâche tentent de conserver autant " -"d'informations que possible lors de la réduction de la dimensionnalité des " -"données : cela est réalisé en attribuant des scores d'importance aux " -"caractéristiques individuelles, en supprimant les redondances et en " -"identifiant les caractéristiques non informatives (par exemple constantes). " -"La réduction de la dimensionnalité est une étape importante dans l'analyse " -"quantitative car elle rend les données plus gérables et plus faciles à " -"visualiser. Il s'agit également d'une étape de prétraitement importante dans" -" de nombreux algorithmes d'analyse en aval, tels que les classificateurs " -"d'apprentissage automatique." - -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:0 +"Dimensionality reduction (also called dimension reduction) aims at " +"mapping high-dimensional data onto a lower-dimensional space in order to " +"better reveal trends and patterns. Algorithms performing this task " +"attempt to retain as much information as possible when reducing the " +"dimensionality of the data: this is achieved by assigning importance " +"scores to individual features, removing redundancies, and identifying " +"uninformative (for instance constant) features. Dimensionality reduction " +"is an important step in quantitative analysis as it makes data more " +"manageable and easier to visualize. It is also an important preprocessing" +" step in many downstream analysis algorithms, such as machine learning " +"classifiers." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md msgid "📏 How do I do it?" -msgstr "📏 Comment faire ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:13 msgid "" "The most traditional dimensionality reduction technique is principal " -"component analysis (PCA){cite}`Lever2017-pca`. In a nutshell, PCA recovers a" -" linear transformation of the input data into a new coordinate system (the " -"principal components) that concentrates variation into its first axes. This " -"is achieved by relying on classical linear algebra, by computing an " -"eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix of the data. As a result, the " -"first 2 or 3 principal components provide a low-dimensional version of the " -"data distribution that is faithful to the variance that was originally " -"present. More advanced dimensionality reduction methods that are popular in " -"biology include t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and " -"Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). In contrast to PCA, " -"these methods are non-linear and can therefore exploit more complex " -"relationships between features when building the lower-dimensional " -"representation. This however comes at a cost: both t-SNE and UMAP are " -"stochastic, meaning that the results they produce are highly dependent on " -"the choice of hyperparameters and can differ across different runs." -msgstr "" -"La technique de réduction de dimensionnalité la plus traditionnelle est " -"l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP){cite}`Lever2017-pca`. En un mot, " -"PCA récupère une transformation linéaire des données d'entrée dans un " -"nouveau système de coordonnées (les composantes principales) qui concentre " -"la variation dans ses premiers axes. Ceci est réalisé en s'appuyant sur " -"l'algèbre linéaire classique, en calculant une décomposition propre de la " -"matrice de covariance des données. En conséquence, les 2 ou 3 premières " -"composantes principales fournissent une version de faible dimension de la " -"distribution des données qui est fidèle à la variance qui était présente à " -"l'origine. Les méthodes de réduction de dimensionnalité plus avancées qui " -"sont populaires en biologie comprennent l'incorporation de voisins " -"stochastiques à distribution t (t-SNE) et l'approximation et la projection " -"uniformes de la variété (UMAP). Contrairement à l'ACP, ces méthodes sont non" -" linéaires et peuvent donc exploiter des relations plus complexes entre les " -"caractéristiques lors de la construction de la représentation de dimension " -"inférieure. Cela a cependant un coût : t-SNE et UMAP sont stochastiques, ce " -"qui signifie que les résultats qu'ils produisent dépendent fortement du " -"choix des hyperparamètres et peuvent différer d'une exécution à l'autre." +"component analysis (PCA){cite}`Lever2017-pca`. In a nutshell, PCA " +"recovers a linear transformation of the input data into a new coordinate " +"system (the principal components) that concentrates variation into its " +"first axes. This is achieved by relying on classical linear algebra, by " +"computing an eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix of the data. As " +"a result, the first 2 or 3 principal components provide a low-dimensional" +" version of the data distribution that is faithful to the variance that " +"was originally present. More advanced dimensionality reduction methods " +"that are popular in biology include t-distributed stochastic neighbor " +"embedding (t-SNE) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection " +"(UMAP). In contrast to PCA, these methods are non-linear and can " +"therefore exploit more complex relationships between features when " +"building the lower-dimensional representation. This however comes at a " +"cost: both t-SNE and UMAP are stochastic, meaning that the results they " +"produce are highly dependent on the choice of hyperparameters and can " +"differ across different runs." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:18 msgid "" -"Although reducing dimensionality can be very useful for data exploration and" -" analysis, it may also wipe information or structure that is relevant to the" -" problem being studied. This is famously well illustrated by the [Datasaurus" -" " +"Although reducing dimensionality can be very useful for data exploration " +"and analysis, it may also wipe information or structure that is relevant " +"to the problem being studied. This is famously well illustrated by the " +"[Datasaurus " "dataset](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/datasauRus/vignettes/Datasaurus.html)," -" which demonstrates how very differently-looking sets of measurements can " -"become indistinguishable when described by a small set of summary " +" which demonstrates how very differently-looking sets of measurements can" +" become indistinguishable when described by a small set of summary " "statistics. The best way to minimize this risk is to start by visually " -"exploring the data whenever possible, and carefully checking any underlying " -"assumptions of the dimensionality reduction method being used to ensure that" -" they hold for the considered data. Dimensionality reduction may also " -"enhance and reveal patterns that are not biologically relevant, due to noise" -" or systematic artifacts in the original data (see Batch effect correction " -"section below). In addition to applying normalization and batch correction " -"to the data prior to reducing dimensionality, some dimensionality reduction " -"methods also offer so-called regularization strategies to mitigate this. In " -"the end, any pattern identified in dimension-reduced data should be " -"considered while keeping in mind the biological context of the data in order" -" to interpret the results appropriately." -msgstr "" -"Bien que la réduction de la dimensionnalité puisse être très utile pour " -"l'exploration et l'analyse des données, elle peut également effacer des " -"informations ou une structure pertinente pour le problème étudié. Ceci est " -"bien illustré par le [jeu de données " -"Datasaurus](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/datasauRus/vignettes/Datasaurus.html)," -" qui montre comment des ensembles de mesures très différents peuvent devenir" -" indiscernables lorsqu'il est décrit par un petit ensemble de statistiques " -"sommaires. La meilleure façon de minimiser ce risque est de commencer par " -"explorer visuellement les données chaque fois que possible et de vérifier " -"soigneusement toutes les hypothèses sous-jacentes de la méthode de réduction" -" de dimensionnalité utilisée pour s'assurer qu'elles sont valables pour les " -"données considérées. La réduction de la dimensionnalité peut également " -"améliorer et révéler des modèles qui ne sont pas biologiquement pertinents, " -"en raison du bruit ou des artefacts systématiques dans les données d'origine" -" (voir la section Correction de l'effet de lot ci-dessous). En plus " -"d'appliquer la normalisation et la correction par lots aux données avant de " -"réduire la dimensionnalité, certaines méthodes de réduction de la " -"dimensionnalité offrent également des stratégies dites de régularisation " -"pour atténuer cela. En fin de compte, tout modèle identifié dans les données" -" à dimension réduite doit être pris en compte tout en gardant à l'esprit le " -"contexte biologique des données afin d'interpréter les résultats de manière " -"appropriée." +"exploring the data whenever possible, and carefully checking any " +"underlying assumptions of the dimensionality reduction method being used " +"to ensure that they hold for the considered data. Dimensionality " +"reduction may also enhance and reveal patterns that are not biologically " +"relevant, due to noise or systematic artifacts in the original data (see " +"Batch effect correction section below). In addition to applying " +"normalization and batch correction to the data prior to reducing " +"dimensionality, some dimensionality reduction methods also offer so-" +"called regularization strategies to mitigate this. In the end, any " +"pattern identified in dimension-reduced data should be considered while " +"keeping in mind the biological context of the data in order to interpret " +"the results appropriately." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:26 msgid "" @@ -650,176 +462,110 @@ msgid "" "Tour](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220416606_Dimension_Reduction_A_Guided_Tour)" " {cite}`Burges2010-fi`" msgstr "" -"📖 [Dimension Reduction : Une visite " -"guidée](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220416606_Dimension_Reduction_A_Guided_Tour)" -" {cite}`Burges2010-fi`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:27 msgid "" "💻 [UMAP introduction and Python implementation](https://umap-" "learn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html)" msgstr "" -"💻 [Introduction UMAP et implémentation Python](https://umap-" -"learn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:28 msgid "" "💻 [t-SNE Python implementation](https://scikit-" "learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.manifold.TSNE.html)" msgstr "" -"💻 [implémentation Python t-SNE] (https://scikit-" -"learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.manifold.TSNE.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:32 msgid "Batch correction" -msgstr "Correction par lots" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:35 msgid "" "Batch effects are systematic variations across samples correlated with " -"experimental conditions (such as different times of the day, different days " -"of the week, or different experimental tools) that are not related to the " -"biological process of interest. Batch effects must be mitigated prior to " -"making comparisons across several datasets as they impact the " +"experimental conditions (such as different times of the day, different " +"days of the week, or different experimental tools) that are not related " +"to the biological process of interest. Batch effects must be mitigated " +"prior to making comparisons across several datasets as they impact the " "reproducibility and reliability of computational analysis and can " "dramatically bias conclusions. Algorithms for batch effect correction " -"address this by identifying and quantifying sources of technical variation, " -"and adjusting the data so that these are minimized while the biological " -"signal is preserved. Most batch effect correction methods were originally " -"developed for microarray data and sequencing data, but can be adapted to " -"feature vectors extracted from images." -msgstr "" -"Les effets de lot sont des variations systématiques entre les échantillons " -"corrélées aux conditions expérimentales (telles que différents moments de la" -" journée, différents jours de la semaine ou différents outils expérimentaux)" -" qui ne sont pas liées au processus biologique d'intérêt. Les effets de lot " -"doivent être atténués avant d'effectuer des comparaisons entre plusieurs " -"ensembles de données, car ils ont un impact sur la reproductibilité et la " -"fiabilité de l'analyse informatique et peuvent considérablement biaiser les " -"conclusions. Les algorithmes de correction de l'effet de lot résolvent ce " -"problème en identifiant et en quantifiant les sources de variation technique" -" et en ajustant les données de manière à ce qu'elles soient minimisées tout " -"en préservant le signal biologique. La plupart des méthodes de correction " -"d'effet de lot ont été développées à l'origine pour les données de " -"microréseaux et les données de séquençage, mais peuvent être adaptées aux " -"vecteurs de caractéristiques extraits des images." +"address this by identifying and quantifying sources of technical " +"variation, and adjusting the data so that these are minimized while the " +"biological signal is preserved. Most batch effect correction methods were" +" originally developed for microarray data and sequencing data, but can be" +" adapted to feature vectors extracted from images." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:38 msgid "" "Two of the most used methods for batch effect correction are ComBat and " -"Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), depending on whether the sources of batch" -" effects are known a priori or not. In a nutshell, ComBat involves three " -"steps: 1) dividing the data into known batches, 2) estimating batch effect " -"by fitting a linear model that includes the batch as a covariate and 3) " -"adjusting the data by removing the estimated effect of the batch from each " -"data point. In contrast, SVA aims at identifying \"surrogate variables\" " -"that capture unknown sources of variability in the data. The surrogate " -"variables can be estimated relying on linear algebra methods (such as " -"singular value decomposition) or through a Bayesian factor analysis model. " -"SVA has been demonstrated to reduce unobserved sources of variability and is" -" therefore of particular help when identifying possible causes of batch " -"effects is challenging, but comes at a higher computational cost than " -"ComBat." -msgstr "" -"Deux des méthodes les plus utilisées pour la correction des effets de lot " -"sont ComBat et Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), selon que les sources des " -"effets de lot sont connues a priori ou non. En un mot, ComBat implique trois" -" étapes : 1) diviser les données en lots connus, 2) estimer l'effet de lot " -"en ajustant un modèle linéaire qui inclut le lot comme covariable et 3) " -"ajuster les données en supprimant l'effet estimé du lot de chaque point de " -"données. En revanche, la SVA vise à identifier des « variables de " -"substitution » qui capturent des sources inconnues de variabilité dans les " -"données. Les variables de substitution peuvent être estimées en s'appuyant " -"sur des méthodes d'algèbre linéaire (telles que la décomposition en valeurs " -"singulières) ou via un modèle d'analyse factorielle bayésienne. Il a été " -"démontré que la SVA réduit les sources de variabilité non observées et est " -"donc particulièrement utile lorsqu'il est difficile d'identifier les causes " -"possibles des effets de lot, mais a un coût de calcul plus élevé que ComBat." +"Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), depending on whether the sources of " +"batch effects are known a priori or not. In a nutshell, ComBat involves " +"three steps: 1) dividing the data into known batches, 2) estimating batch" +" effect by fitting a linear model that includes the batch as a covariate " +"and 3) adjusting the data by removing the estimated effect of the batch " +"from each data point. In contrast, SVA aims at identifying \"surrogate " +"variables\" that capture unknown sources of variability in the data. The " +"surrogate variables can be estimated relying on linear algebra methods " +"(such as singular value decomposition) or through a Bayesian factor " +"analysis model. SVA has been demonstrated to reduce unobserved sources of" +" variability and is therefore of particular help when identifying " +"possible causes of batch effects is challenging, but comes at a higher " +"computational cost than ComBat." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:41 msgid "" "As important as it is for analysis, batch effect correction can go wrong " -"when too much or too little of it is done. Both over- and under-correction " -"can happen when methods are not used properly or when their underlying " -"assumptions are not met. As a result, either biological signals can be " -"removed (in the case of over-correction) or irrelevant sources of variation " -"can remain (in the case of under-correction) - both potentially leading to " -"inaccurate conclusions. Batch effect correction can be particularly tricky " -"when the biological variation of interest is suspected to confound with the " -"batch. In this case in particular (although always a good approach), the " -"first lines of fight against batch effects should be thought-through " -"experimental design and careful quality control, as well as visual " -"exploration of the data{cite}`Lord2020-sp`. Plotting data batch-by-batch " -"before applying any correction can help confirm (or infirm) that the " -"observed trends are similar across batches." -msgstr "" -"Aussi importante soit-elle pour l'analyse, la correction de l'effet de lot " -"peut mal tourner lorsqu'elle est trop ou trop peu effectuée. Une sur-" -"correction et une sous-correction peuvent se produire lorsque les méthodes " -"ne sont pas utilisées correctement ou lorsque leurs hypothèses sous-jacentes" -" ne sont pas satisfaites. En conséquence, soit les signaux biologiques " -"peuvent être supprimés (en cas de sur-correction), soit des sources de " -"variation non pertinentes peuvent subsister (en cas de sous-correction), les" -" deux pouvant conduire à des conclusions inexactes. La correction de l'effet" -" de lot peut être particulièrement délicate lorsque la variation biologique " -"d'intérêt est suspectée de se confondre avec le lot. Dans ce cas en " -"particulier (bien que toujours une bonne approche), les premières lignes de " -"lutte contre les effets de lot doivent être une conception expérimentale " -"réfléchie et un contrôle qualité minutieux, ainsi qu'une exploration " -"visuelle des données{cite}`Lord2020-sp`. Le traçage des données lot par lot " -"avant d'appliquer une correction peut aider à confirmer (ou à infirmer) que " -"les tendances observées sont similaires d'un lot à l'autre." +"when too much or too little of it is done. Both over- and under-" +"correction can happen when methods are not used properly or when their " +"underlying assumptions are not met. As a result, either biological " +"signals can be removed (in the case of over-correction) or irrelevant " +"sources of variation can remain (in the case of under-correction) - both " +"potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions. Batch effect correction " +"can be particularly tricky when the biological variation of interest is " +"suspected to confound with the batch. In this case in particular " +"(although always a good approach), the first lines of fight against batch" +" effects should be thought-through experimental design and careful " +"quality control, as well as visual exploration of the " +"data{cite}`Lord2020-sp`. Plotting data batch-by-batch before applying any" +" correction can help confirm (or infirm) that the observed trends are " +"similar across batches." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:49 msgid "" "📄 [Why Batch Effects Matter in Omics Data, and How to Avoid " "Them](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.02.012) {cite}`Goh2017-kd`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Pourquoi les effets de lot sont importants dans les données Omics et " -"comment les éviter] (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.02.012) " -"{cite}`Goh2017-kd`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:50 msgid "" "💻 [pyComBat (ComBat Python " "implementation)](https://epigenelabs.github.io/pyComBat/)" msgstr "" -"💻 [pyComBat (implémentation Python " -"ComBat)](https://epigenelabs.github.io/pyComBat/)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:51 msgid "" -"📄 [The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation " -"in high-throughput " +"📄 [The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted " +"variation in high-throughput " "experiments](https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts034) " "{cite}`Leek2012-rv`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Le package sva pour supprimer les effets de lot et autres variations " -"indésirables dans les expériences à haut " -"débit](https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts034) {cite}`Leek2012-rv`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:55 msgid "Normality testing" -msgstr "Test de normalité" +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:58 msgid "" "Normality testing is about assessing whether data follow a Gaussian (or " -"nomal) distribution. Because the Gaussian distribution is frequently found " -"in nature and has important mathematical properties, normality is a core " -"assumption in many widely-used statistical tests. When this assumption is " -"violated, their conclusions may not hold or be flawed. Normality testing is " -"therefore an important step of the data analysis pipeline prior to any sort " -"of statistical testing." -msgstr "" -"Le test de normalité consiste à évaluer si les données suivent une " -"distribution gaussienne (ou nominale). Étant donné que la distribution " -"gaussienne se trouve fréquemment dans la nature et possède des propriétés " -"mathématiques importantes, la normalité est une hypothèse de base dans de " -"nombreux tests statistiques largement utilisés. Lorsque cette hypothèse est " -"violée, leurs conclusions peuvent ne pas tenir ou être erronées. Le test de " -"normalité est donc une étape importante du pipeline d'analyse des données " -"avant tout type de test statistique." +"nomal) distribution. Because the Gaussian distribution is frequently " +"found in nature and has important mathematical properties, normality is a" +" core assumption in many widely-used statistical tests. When this " +"assumption is violated, their conclusions may not hold or be flawed. " +"Normality testing is therefore an important step of the data analysis " +"pipeline prior to any sort of statistical testing." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:61 msgid "" @@ -828,68 +574,234 @@ msgid "" "readout, statistical methods such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) and " "Shapiro-Wilk tests (among many others) report how much the observed data " "distribution deviates from a Gaussian. These tests usually return and a " -"p-value linked to the hypothesis that the data are sampled from a Gaussian " -"distribution. A high p-value indicates that the data are not inconsistent " -"with a normal distribution, but is not sufficient to prove that they indeed " -"follow a Gaussian. A p-values smaller than a pre-defined significance " -"threshold (usually 0.05) indicates that the data are not sampled from a " -"normal distribution." -msgstr "" -"La normalité d'une distribution de données peut être évaluée qualitativement" -" par traçage, par exemple en s'appuyant sur un histogramme. Pour une lecture" -" plus quantitative, des méthodes statistiques telles que les tests de " -"Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) et de Shapiro-Wilk (parmi beaucoup d'autres) " -"indiquent dans quelle mesure la distribution des données observées s'écarte " -"d'une gaussienne. Ces tests renvoient généralement et une valeur de p liée à" -" l'hypothèse que les données sont échantillonnées à partir d'une " -"distribution gaussienne. Une valeur de p élevée indique que les données ne " -"sont pas incompatibles avec une distribution normale, mais n'est pas " -"suffisante pour prouver qu'elles suivent bien une gaussienne. Une valeur de " -"p inférieure à un seuil de signification prédéfini (généralement 0,05) " -"indique que les données ne sont pas échantillonnées à partir d'une " -"distribution normale." +"p-value linked to the hypothesis that the data are sampled from a " +"Gaussian distribution. A high p-value indicates that the data are not " +"inconsistent with a normal distribution, but is not sufficient to prove " +"that they indeed follow a Gaussian. A p-values smaller than a pre-defined" +" significance threshold (usually 0.05) indicates that the data are not " +"sampled from a normal distribution." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:65 msgid "" -"Although lots of the “standard” statistical methods have been designed with " -"a normnality assumption, alternative approaches exist for non-normally-" -"ditributed data. Many biological processes result in multimodal “states” " -"(for instance differentiation) that are inherently not Gaussian. Normality " -"testing should therefore not be mistaken for a quality assessment of the " -"data: it merely informs on the types of tools that are appropriate to use " -"when analyzing them." -msgstr "" -"Bien que de nombreuses méthodes statistiques \"standard\" aient été conçues " -"avec une hypothèse de normalité, des approches alternatives existent pour " -"les données non distribuées normalement. De nombreux processus biologiques " -"aboutissent à des « états » multimodaux (par exemple la différenciation) qui" -" ne sont pas gaussiens par nature. Le test de normalité ne doit donc pas " -"être confondu avec une évaluation de la qualité des données : il renseigne " -"simplement sur les types d'outils qu'il convient d'utiliser pour les " -"analyser." +"Although lots of the “standard” statistical methods have been designed " +"with a normnality assumption, alternative approaches exist for non-" +"normally-ditributed data. Many biological processes result in multimodal " +"“states” (for instance differentiation) that are inherently not Gaussian." +" Normality testing should therefore not be mistaken for a quality " +"assessment of the data: it merely informs on the types of tools that are " +"appropriate to use when analyzing them." +msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:68 msgid "" -"📖 [Modern statistics for modern biology](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/) " -"{cite}`Holmes2019-no`" +"📖 [Modern statistics for modern biology](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/)" +" {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" msgstr "" -"📖 [Statistiques modernes pour la biologie " -"moderne](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/) {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:69 msgid "" -"💻 [To get started with statistical analysis: R](https://www.r-project.org/)" +"💻 [To get started with statistical analysis: " +"R](https://www.r-project.org/)" msgstr "" -"💻 [Pour débuter avec l'analyse statistique : R](https://www.r-project.org/)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:70 msgid "" "💻 [To do statistics in Python: " "scipy.stats](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/stats.html)" msgstr "" -"💻 [Pour faire des statistiques en Python : " -"scipy.stats](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/stats.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/_notinyet_Presentation_graphs.md:1 msgid "Presentation of graphs" -msgstr "Présentation des graphiques" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Quantitative data is often summarized " +#~ "and analysed with statistical methods " +#~ "and visualized with plots/graphs/diagrams. " +#~ "Statistical methods reveal quantitative " +#~ "trends, patterns, and outliers in data," +#~ " while plots and graphs help to " +#~ "convey them to audiences. Carrying out" +#~ " a suitable statistical analysis and " +#~ "choosing a suitable chart type for " +#~ "your data, identifying their potential " +#~ "pitfalls, and faithfully realising the " +#~ "analysis or generating the chart with" +#~ " suitable softwares are essential to " +#~ "back up experimental conclusions with " +#~ "data and reach communication goals." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Dimensionality reduction (also called " +#~ "dimension reduction) aims at mapping " +#~ "high-dimensional data onto a lower " +#~ "dimensional space in order to better " +#~ "reveal trends and patterns. Algorithms " +#~ "performing this task attempt to retain" +#~ " as much information as possible when" +#~ " reducing the dimensionality of the " +#~ "data: this is achieved by assigning " +#~ "importance scores to individual features, " +#~ "removing redundancies, and identifying " +#~ "uninformative (for instance constant) " +#~ "features. Dimensionality reduction is an " +#~ "important step in quantitative analysis " +#~ "as it makes data more manageable " +#~ "and easier to visualize. It is " +#~ "also an important preprocessing step in" +#~ " many downstream analysis algorithms, such" +#~ " as machine learning classifiers." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The most traditional dimensionality reduction" +#~ " techniques is principal component analysis" +#~ " (PCA). In a nutshell, PCA recovers" +#~ " a linear transformation of the input" +#~ " data into a new coordinate system" +#~ " (the principal components) that " +#~ "concentrates variation into its first " +#~ "axes. This is achieved relying on " +#~ "classical linear algebra, by computing " +#~ "an eigendecomposition of the covariance " +#~ "matrix of the data. As a result," +#~ " the first 2 or 3 principal " +#~ "components provide a low-dimensional " +#~ "version of the data distribution that" +#~ " is faithful to the variance that " +#~ "was originally present. More advanced " +#~ "dimensionality reduction methods that are " +#~ "popular in biology include t-distributed " +#~ "stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and " +#~ "Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection" +#~ " (UMAP). In contrast to PCA, these" +#~ " methods are non-linear and can " +#~ "therefore exploit more complex relationships" +#~ " between features when building the " +#~ "lower-dimensional representation. This however" +#~ " comes at a cost: both t-SNE " +#~ "and UMAP are stochastic, meaning that" +#~ " the results they produce are highly" +#~ " dependent on the choice of " +#~ "hyperparameters and can differ across " +#~ "different runs." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Although reducing dimensionality can be " +#~ "very useful for data exploration and " +#~ "analysis, it may also wipe information" +#~ " or structure that is relevant to " +#~ "the problem being studied. The best " +#~ "way to minimize this risk is to" +#~ " carefully check any underlying assumptions" +#~ " of the method being used, and " +#~ "ensure that they hold for the " +#~ "considered data. Dimensionality reduction may" +#~ " also enhance and reveal patterns " +#~ "that are not biologically relevant, due" +#~ " to noise or systematic artifacts in" +#~ " the original data (see Batch effect" +#~ " correction section below). In addition " +#~ "to applying normalization and batch " +#~ "correction to the data prior to " +#~ "reducing dimensionality, some dimensionality " +#~ "reduction methods also offer so-called" +#~ " regularization strategies to mitigate " +#~ "this. In the end, any pattern " +#~ "identified in dimension-reduced data " +#~ "should be considered while keeping in" +#~ " mind the biological context of the" +#~ " data in order to interpret the " +#~ "results appropriately." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Batch effects are systematic variations " +#~ "across samples correlated with experimental" +#~ " conditions (such as different time " +#~ "of the day, different days of the" +#~ " week, or different experimental tools) " +#~ "and that are not related to the" +#~ " biological process of interest. Batch " +#~ "effects must be mitigated prior to " +#~ "making comparisons across several datasets " +#~ "as they impact the reproducibility and" +#~ " reliability of computational analysis and" +#~ " can dramatically bias conclusions. " +#~ "Algorithms for batch effect correction " +#~ "address this by identifying and " +#~ "quantifying sources of technical variation," +#~ " and adjusting the data so that " +#~ "these are minimized while biological " +#~ "signal is preserved. Most batch effect" +#~ " correction methods were originally " +#~ "developed for microarray data and " +#~ "sequencing data, but can be adapted " +#~ "to feature vectors extracted from " +#~ "images." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Two of the most used methods for" +#~ " batch effect correction are ComBat " +#~ "and Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), " +#~ "depending on whether the sources of " +#~ "batch effects is known a priori or" +#~ " not. In a nutshell, ComBat involves" +#~ " three steps: 1) dividing the data" +#~ " into known batches, 2) estimating " +#~ "batch effect by fitting a linear " +#~ "model that includes the batch as a" +#~ " covariatem and 3) adjusting the data" +#~ " by removing the estimated effect of" +#~ " the batch from each data point. " +#~ "In contrast, SVA aims at identifying " +#~ "\"surrogate variables\" that capture unknown" +#~ " sources of variability in the data." +#~ " The surrogate variables can be " +#~ "estimated relying on linear algebra " +#~ "methods (such as singular value " +#~ "decomposition) or through a Bayesian " +#~ "factor analysis model. SVA has been " +#~ "demonstrated to reduce unobserved sources " +#~ "of variability and is therefore of " +#~ "particular help when identifying possible " +#~ "causes of batch effects is challenging," +#~ " but comes at a higher computational" +#~ " cost than ComBat." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "As important as it is for " +#~ "analysis, batch effect correction can go" +#~ " wrong when too much or too " +#~ "little of it is done. Both over-" +#~ " and under-correction can happen when" +#~ " methods are not used properly or " +#~ "when their underlying assumptions are " +#~ "not met. As a result, either " +#~ "biological signal can be removed (in " +#~ "the case of over-correction) or " +#~ "irrelevant sources of variation can " +#~ "remain (in the case of under-" +#~ "correction) - both potentially leading " +#~ "to inaccurate conclusions. Batch effect " +#~ "correction can be particularly tricky " +#~ "when the biological variation of " +#~ "interest is suspected to confound with" +#~ " the batch. In this cases in " +#~ "particular (although always a good " +#~ "approach), the first line of fight " +#~ "against batch effects should be " +#~ "thought-through experimental design and " +#~ "careful quality control." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "A paper recommending checklists and best" +#~ " practices for publishing image data" +#~ msgstr "" + From a5056928a7dfd93af865c326c8ba09d50e1cb8b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 15:06:46 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 71/76] Translate 04_Data_presentation.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '04_Data_presentation.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po | 994 ++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 543 insertions(+), 451 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po index 08b0e7fa9..5836f6aed 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/04_Data_presentation.po @@ -1,91 +1,119 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2023 +# Copyright (C) 2024 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2024 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 15:03+0000\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.14.0\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Introduction.md:1 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:3 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/_notinyet_Presentation_graphs.md:3 msgid "Introduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Introduction" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Introduction.md:3 msgid "" "When presenting microscopy image data in biology and biomedicine, it's " -"important to consider the quality of the images, the labeling and " -"annotation of important features, and the overall visual appeal. This " -"also applies to diagrams and plots which convey numerical data derived " -"from microscopy images. Chart types must in addition be suitable for the " -"specific data that is being conveyed to not mislead audiences. This " -"applies to image data in scientific posters, talk-slides, or " -"publications." -msgstr "" +"important to consider the quality of the images, the labeling and annotation" +" of important features, and the overall visual appeal. This also applies to " +"diagrams and plots which convey numerical data derived from microscopy " +"images. Chart types must in addition be suitable for the specific data that " +"is being conveyed to not mislead audiences. This applies to image data in " +"scientific posters, talk-slides, or publications." +msgstr "" +"Lors de la présentation de données d'images microscopiques en biologie et en" +" biomédecine, il est important de prendre en compte la qualité des images, " +"l'étiquetage et l'annotation des caractéristiques importantes, ainsi que " +"l'attrait visuel global. Cela s'applique également aux diagrammes et aux " +"tracés qui transmettent des données numériques dérivées d'images de " +"microscopie. Les types de graphiques doivent en outre être adaptés aux " +"données spécifiques qui sont transmises pour ne pas induire le public en " +"erreur. Cela s'applique aux données d'image dans les affiches scientifiques," +" les diaporamas ou les publications." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:1 msgid "Presentation of microscopy images" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Présentation des images de microscopie" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:3 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:9 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:34 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:57 msgid "What is it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que c'est?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:5 msgid "" "Microscopy images are often shown in scientific papers to illustrate a " -"particular conclusion. While qualitative conclusions are not a subsitute " -"for quantitative comparisons (see next section), images can certainly " -"guide our reasoning and our conclusions. Following a few consistent best " -"practices ensures that these conclusions are correct and robust." -msgstr "" +"particular conclusion. While qualitative conclusions are not a subsitute for" +" quantitative comparisons (see next section), images can certainly guide our" +" reasoning and our conclusions. Following a few consistent best practices " +"ensures that these conclusions are correct and robust." +msgstr "" +"Les images de microscopie sont souvent présentées dans des articles " +"scientifiques pour illustrer une conclusion particulière. Si les conclusions" +" qualitatives ne remplacent pas les comparaisons quantitatives (voir section" +" suivante), les images peuvent certainement guider notre raisonnement et nos" +" conclusions. Suivre quelques bonnes pratiques cohérentes garantit que ces " +"conclusions sont correctes et solides." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:14 msgid "10 tips for image presentation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "10 conseils pour la présentation d'images" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:14 msgid "" "**A brief visual summary of image presentation tips.** Figure by Helena " "Jambor. [Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7750259)" msgstr "" +"**Un bref résumé visuel des conseils de présentation d'image.** Figure par " +"Helena Jambor. [Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7750259)" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Adjust the image crop, orientation, and size." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Ajustez le recadrage, l'orientation et la taille de l'image." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:18 msgid "" -"For any adjustments, work with an image copy and do not alter the " -"original file. Note, do not use adjusted images for quantitative image " -"data analyses Adjustments to effectively communicate the image content " -"may include removing uninformative image regions (crop), changing the " -"image orientation, and adjusting the size. Note that rotation and re-" -"sizing may change the image data when pixel information is redistributed." -msgstr "" +"For any adjustments, work with an image copy and do not alter the original " +"file. Note, do not use adjusted images for quantitative image data analyses" +" Adjustments to effectively communicate the image content may include " +"removing uninformative image regions (crop), changing the image orientation," +" and adjusting the size. Note that rotation and re-sizing may change the " +"image data when pixel information is redistributed." +msgstr "" +"Pour tout ajustement, travaillez avec une copie d'image et ne modifiez pas " +"le fichier d'origine. Remarque, n'utilisez pas d'images ajustées pour les " +"analyses quantitatives de données d'image. Les ajustements pour communiquer " +"efficacement le contenu de l'image peuvent inclure la suppression de régions" +" d'image non informatives (recadrage), la modification de l'orientation de " +"l'image et l'ajustement de la taille. Notez que la rotation et le " +"redimensionnement peuvent modifier les données d'image lorsque les " +"informations de pixel sont redistribuées." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:17 msgid "rotation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "rotation" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "🤔 How do I do it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🤔 Comment faire ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:25 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:43 @@ -94,76 +122,103 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:98 msgid "See the [cheat-sheet below](image-cheat-sheet) for more information." msgstr "" +"Voir la [aide-mémoire ci-dessous] (image-aide-mémoire) pour plus " +"d'informations." -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:0 msgid "⚠️ Where can things go wrong?" msgstr "" +" ⚠️ Où les choses peuvent-elles mal " +"tourner ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:28 msgid "Any adjustments that alter the conclusions are not permitted." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Tout ajustement modifiant les conclusions n'est pas autorisé." -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:0 msgid "📚🤷‍♀️ Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📚🤷‍♀️ Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:31 msgid "" "📄 [Reproducible image handling and " "analysis](https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020105889) {cite}`Miura2021-mb`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Manipulation et analyse d'images " +"reproductibles](https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020105889) " +"{cite}`Miura2021-mb`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:32 #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:49 -#, python-format msgid "" -"📄 [Avoiding Twisted Pixels: Ethical Guidelines for the Appropriate Use " -"and Manipulation of Scientific Digital " -"Images](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11948-010-9201-y) " -"{cite}`Cromey2010-jr`" +"📄 [Avoiding Twisted Pixels: Ethical Guidelines for the Appropriate Use and " +"Manipulation of Scientific Digital " +"Images](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11948-010-9201-y) {cite}`Cromey2010-jr`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Éviter les pixels torsadés : directives éthiques pour l'utilisation et la" +" manipulation appropriées des images numériques " +"scientifiques](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11948-010-9201-y) " +"{cite}`Cromey2010-jr`" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Enhance visibility of image content" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Améliorer la visibilité du contenu de l'image" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:37 msgid "" -"Images often do not have regular spaced intensity values. To still " -"display the data visible on a screen/in a figure, adjustments of " -"brightness and contrast are usually necessary." +"Images often do not have regular spaced intensity values. To still display " +"the data visible on a screen/in a figure, adjustments of brightness and " +"contrast are usually necessary." msgstr "" +"Les images n'ont souvent pas de valeurs d'intensité espacées régulières. " +"Pour afficher toujours les données visibles sur un écran/dans une figure, " +"des réglages de luminosité et de contraste sont généralement nécessaires." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:36 msgid "image adjustment" -msgstr "" +msgstr "ajustement des images" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:46 msgid "" "Any adjustments that result in the disappearance of image details are " "considered misleading {cite}`Cromey2010-jr`. Note that many nonlinear " -"transformations of brightness and contrast are available in image " -"processing software, before using these users should ensure that they " -"faithfully represent the data to avoid accidentally misleading audiences " -"and disclose them as annotations." -msgstr "" - -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +"transformations of brightness and contrast are available in image processing" +" software, before using these users should ensure that they faithfully " +"represent the data to avoid accidentally misleading audiences and disclose " +"them as annotations." +msgstr "" +"Tout ajustement entraînant la disparition des détails de l'image est " +"considéré comme trompeur {cite}`Cromey2010-jr`. Notez que de nombreuses " +"transformations non linéaires de luminosité et de contraste sont disponibles" +" dans les logiciels de traitement d'image, avant d'utiliser ces utilisateurs" +" doivent s'assurer qu'ils représentent fidèlement les données pour éviter " +"d'induire accidentellement le public en erreur et de les divulguer sous " +"forme d'annotations." + +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Use accessible colors" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Utiliser des couleurs accessibles" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:54 msgid "" "Fluorescent microscope images are often composed of data from multiple " "wavelengths/color channels. To best visualize molecular structures, " -"individual channels can be shown in separate grayscale images. When " -"colors are chosen to represent the illumination wavelength (blue, green, " -"red, far-red), for example Green-Fluorescent Protein is shown in green " -"color, be reminded that intensity values on a black background reduces " -"the level of detail." -msgstr "" +"individual channels can be shown in separate grayscale images. When colors " +"are chosen to represent the illumination wavelength (blue, green, red, far-" +"red), for example Green-Fluorescent Protein is shown in green color, be " +"reminded that intensity values on a black background reduces the level of " +"detail." +msgstr "" +"Les images au microscope fluorescent sont souvent composées de données " +"provenant de plusieurs longueurs d'onde/canaux de couleur. Pour mieux " +"visualiser les structures moléculaires, les canaux individuels peuvent être " +"affichés dans des images en niveaux de gris distinctes. Lorsque des couleurs" +" sont choisies pour représenter la longueur d'onde d'éclairage (bleu, vert, " +"rouge, rouge lointain), par exemple la protéine fluorescente verte est " +"affichée en vert, rappelez-vous que les valeurs d'intensité sur un fond noir" +" réduisent le niveau de détail." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:56 msgid "" @@ -171,22 +226,34 @@ msgid "" "that structures are visible, i.e., that the overlay does not obstruct " "features and that the colors used are clearly distinguishable." msgstr "" +"Lorsque les canaux sont superposés dans des images «composites», les auteurs" +" doivent s'assurer que les structures sont visibles, c'est-à-dire que la " +"superposition n'obstrue pas les caractéristiques et que les couleurs " +"utilisées se distinguent clairement." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:53 msgid "multicolor image composition" -msgstr "" +msgstr "composition d'image multicolore" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:65 msgid "" -"For composite images consider if color combinations are accessible to " -"color-blind audiences (e.g. not combine red with green, but rather " -"magenta and green, see reference below for examples) and possibly " -"additionally show individual channels in grayscale for maximizing " -"accessibility and detail. Tools for color blindness simulation of the " -"images exist in image processing software (ImageJ/Fiji) and visibility of" -" colors in final image figures can be tested with applications such as " +"For composite images consider if color combinations are accessible to color-" +"blind audiences (e.g. not combine red with green, but rather magenta and " +"green, see reference below for examples) and possibly additionally show " +"individual channels in grayscale for maximizing accessibility and detail. " +"Tools for color blindness simulation of the images exist in image processing" +" software (ImageJ/Fiji) and visibility of colors in final image figures can " +"be tested with applications such as ColorOracle." +msgstr "" +"Pour les images composites, déterminez si les combinaisons de couleurs sont " +"accessibles aux publics daltoniens (par exemple, ne pas combiner le rouge " +"avec le vert, mais plutôt le magenta et le vert, voir la référence ci-" +"dessous pour des exemples) et éventuellement afficher en plus des canaux " +"individuels en niveaux de gris pour maximiser l'accessibilité et les " +"détails. Des outils de simulation de daltonisme des images existent dans un " +"logiciel de traitement d'image (ImageJ/Fiji) et la visibilité des couleurs " +"dans les images finales peut être testée avec des applications telles que " "ColorOracle." -msgstr "" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:69 msgid "" @@ -194,164 +261,222 @@ msgid "" "publications](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161) " "{cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Créer des images claires et informatives pour les publications " +"scientifiques](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161) " +"{cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Annotate key image features" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Annoter les principales caractéristiques de l'image" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:74 msgid "" -"Each image needs a reference to its physical dimensions. This is " -"typically achieved by including a scale bar with dimensions annotated in " -"the image or the figure legend." +"Each image needs a reference to its physical dimensions. This is typically " +"achieved by including a scale bar with dimensions annotated in the image or " +"the figure legend." msgstr "" +"Chaque image a besoin d'une référence à ses dimensions physiques. Ceci est " +"généralement réalisé en incluant une barre d'échelle avec des dimensions " +"annotées dans l'image ou la légende de la figure." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:76 msgid "" "In addition, authors should remember to annotate the colors used, any " -"symbols and arrows used to guide readers, and, if used, the origin of any" -" zoom/inset. If specialized images are shown (time-lapse, volumes, " +"symbols and arrows used to guide readers, and, if used, the origin of any " +"zoom/inset. If specialized images are shown (time-lapse, volumes, " "reconstructions) authors are encouraged to consider annotating important " "information in the figures." msgstr "" +"De plus, les auteurs doivent se rappeler d'annoter les couleurs utilisées, " +"tous les symboles et flèches utilisés pour guider les lecteurs et, le cas " +"échéant, l'origine de tout zoom/incrustation. Si des images spécialisées " +"sont présentées (time-lapse, volumes, reconstructions), les auteurs sont " +"encouragés à envisager d'annoter les informations importantes dans les " +"figures." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:73 msgid "speech bubbles" -msgstr "" +msgstr "bulles" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:85 msgid "" -"Lack of details and missing of key explanations will make it impossible " -"for audiences to interpret image data in figures. To unambiguously " -"reference probes consider using terms from the ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary," -" a standardized nomenclature for probers used in cytometry and " -"microscopy." +"Lack of details and missing of key explanations will make it impossible for " +"audiences to interpret image data in figures. To unambiguously reference " +"probes consider using terms from the ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary, a " +"standardized nomenclature for probers used in cytometry and microscopy." msgstr "" +"Le manque de détails et l'absence d'explications clés empêcheront le public " +"d'interpréter les données d'image en chiffres. Pour référencer sans " +"ambiguïté les sondes, envisagez d'utiliser les termes du dictionnaire ISAC " +"Probe Tag, une nomenclature normalisée pour les sondes utilisées en " +"cytométrie et en microscopie." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:89 msgid "" -"📄 [ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary: Standardized Nomenclature for Detection and" -" Visualization Labels Used in Cytometry and Microscopy Imaging " +"📄 [ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary: Standardized Nomenclature for Detection and " +"Visualization Labels Used in Cytometry and Microscopy Imaging " "](https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24224) {cite}`Blenman2021-ki`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Dictionnaire d'étiquettes de sonde ISAC : Nomenclature normalisée pour " +"les étiquettes de détection et de visualisation utilisées en cytométrie et " +"en imagerie microscopique] (https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24224) " +"{cite}`Blenman2021-ki`" -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:0 msgid "Explain the image" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Expliquer l'image" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:95 msgid "" -"To rapidly orient audiences, a minimal explanatory text should be " -"presented along with images. This includes the figure legend and the " -"methods section in scientific papers or the title of figures in posters " -"and slides. Consider using a controlled vocabulary to reduce ambiguity " -"and increase machine-readability of the descriptions of specimens, " -"tissues, cell lines, and proteins etc. A useful tool is the [RRID " -"(Reseach Resource Identifying " -"Data)index](https://scicrunch.org/resources) , which provides indices for" -" commonly used biological reagents and resources, e.g., plasmids, cell " -"lines and antibodies ." -msgstr "" +"To rapidly orient audiences, a minimal explanatory text should be presented " +"along with images. This includes the figure legend and the methods section " +"in scientific papers or the title of figures in posters and slides. Consider" +" using a controlled vocabulary to reduce ambiguity and increase machine-" +"readability of the descriptions of specimens, tissues, cell lines, and " +"proteins etc. A useful tool is the [RRID (Reseach Resource Identifying " +"Data)index](https://scicrunch.org/resources) , which provides indices for " +"commonly used biological reagents and resources, e.g., plasmids, cell lines " +"and antibodies ." +msgstr "" +"Pour orienter rapidement le public, un texte explicatif minimal doit être " +"présenté accompagné d'images. Cela inclut la légende des figures et la " +"section des méthodes dans les articles scientifiques ou le titre des figures" +" dans les affiches et les diapositives. Envisagez d'utiliser un vocabulaire " +"contrôlé pour réduire l'ambiguïté et augmenter la lisibilité par machine des" +" descriptions d'échantillons, de tissus, de lignées cellulaires et de " +"protéines, etc. Un outil utile est l'index [RRID (Reseach Resource " +"Identifying Data)](https://scicrunch. org/resources) , qui fournit des " +"indices pour les réactifs et ressources biologiques couramment utilisés, par" +" exemple les plasmides, les lignées cellulaires et les anticorps ." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:101 msgid "" -"Missing explanations of image details/methods may result in non-" -"reproducible data and limits the insights from the data." +"Missing explanations of image details/methods may result in non-reproducible" +" data and limits the insights from the data." msgstr "" +"Des explications manquantes sur les détails/méthodes de l'image peuvent " +"entraîner des données non reproductibles et limiter les informations tirées " +"des données." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:104 msgid "" -"📄 [Replication Study: Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by" -" stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and " +"📄 [Replication Study: Biomechanical remodeling of the microenvironment by " +"stromal caveolin-1 favors tumor invasion and " "metastasis](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.45120) {cite}`Sheen2019-bg`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Étude de réplication : le remodelage biomécanique du microenvironnement " +"par la cavéoline stromale-1 favorise l'invasion tumorale et les " +"métastases](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.45120) {cite}`Sheen2019-bg`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:105 msgid "" "📄 [Imaging methods are vastly underreported in biomedical " "research](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.55133) {cite}`Marques2020-nx`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Les méthodes d'imagerie sont largement sous-estimées dans la recherche " +"biomédicale](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.55133) {cite}`Marques2020-nx`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:106 msgid "" -"📄 [Are figure legends sufficient? Evaluating the contribution of " -"associated text to biomedical figure " +"📄 [Are figure legends sufficient? Evaluating the contribution of associated " +"text to biomedical figure " "comprehension.](https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5333-4-1) {cite}`Yu2009-ip`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Les légendes des figures sont-elles suffisantes ? Évaluation de la " +"contribution du texte associé à la compréhension des figures " +"biomédicales.](https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5333-4-1) {cite}`Yu2009-ip`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:110 msgid "Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:112 msgid "" -"Check out _Creating clear and informative image-based figures for " -"scientific publications_{cite}`Jambor2021-qe` and _Community-developed " -"checklists for publishing images and image " -"analysis_{cite}`Schmied2023-ad` for more tips and best practices for " -"making image figures." +"Check out _Creating clear and informative image-based figures for scientific" +" publications_{cite}`Jambor2021-qe` and _Community-developed checklists for " +"publishing images and image analysis_{cite}`Schmied2023-ad` for more tips " +"and best practices for making image figures." msgstr "" +"Consultez _Création de figures claires et informatives basées sur des images" +" pour les publications scientifiques_{cite}`Jambor2021-qe` et _Listes de " +"contrôle développées par la communauté pour la publication d'images et " +"l'analyse d'images_{cite}`Schmied2023-ad` pour plus de conseils et de bonnes" +" pratiques pour créer des figures d'image." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:114 msgid "" "A cheat sheet on how to do basic image preparation with open source " "software:" msgstr "" +"Aide-mémoire expliquant comment effectuer une préparation d'image de base " +"avec un logiciel open source :" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:124 msgid "Instructions for common image processing operations in Fiji" msgstr "" +"Instructions pour les opérations courantes de traitement d'images aux Fidji" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Presentation_images.md:124 msgid "" -"**How to correctly perform various image manipulations in Fiji.** Figure " -"by Christopher Schmied and Helena Jambor. " +"**How to correctly perform various image manipulations in Fiji.** Figure by " +"Christopher Schmied and Helena Jambor. " "[Source](https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27140.2)" msgstr "" +"**Comment effectuer correctement diverses manipulations d'images aux " +"Fidji.** Figure de Christopher Schmied et Helena Jambor. " +"[Source](https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27140.2)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:1 msgid "Resources for learning more" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Des ressources pour en savoir plus" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:8 msgid "**Resource Name**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:9 msgid "**Link**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Lien**" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:10 msgid "**Brief description**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Brève description**" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:11 msgid "" "📄 Creating clear and informative image-based figures for scientific " "publications {cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" msgstr "" +"📄 Création de figures claires et informatives basées sur des images pour les" +" publications scientifiques {cite}`Jambor2021-qe`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:12 msgid "" "[link](https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161" " )" msgstr "" +"[lien](https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001161)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:13 msgid "" "Review article on how to create accessible, fair scientific figures, " "including guidelines for microscopy images" msgstr "" +"Article de revue sur la façon de créer des figures scientifiques accessibles" +" et équitables, y compris des lignes directrices pour les images de " +"microscopie" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:14 msgid "" -"📄 Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analysis" -" {cite}`Schmied2023-ad`" +"📄 Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analysis " +"{cite}`Schmied2023-ad`" msgstr "" +"📄 Listes de contrôle développées par la communauté pour la publication " +"d'images et l'analyse d'images {cite}`Schmied2023-ad`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:15 msgid "[link](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07005)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.07005)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:16 msgid "" @@ -359,102 +484,169 @@ msgid "" "data. [It also has a JupyterBook](https://quarep-" "limi.github.io/WG12_checklists_for_image_publishing/intro.html)" msgstr "" +"Un article recommandant des listes de contrôle et des bonnes pratiques pour " +"la publication de données d'images. [Il dispose également d'un " +"JupyterBook](https://quarep-" +"limi.github.io/WG12_checklists_for_image_publishing/intro.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:17 msgid "📖 Modern Statistics for Modern Biology {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" msgstr "" +"📖 Statistiques modernes pour la biologie moderne {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:18 msgid "[link](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Resources.md:19 msgid "Online statistics for biologists textbook with code examples (in R)" msgstr "" +"Manuel de statistiques en ligne pour les biologistes avec exemples de code " +"(en R)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:1 msgid "Statistics" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Statistiques" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:5 msgid "" -"Quantitative data is often summarized and analysed with statistical " -"methods and visualized with plots/graphs/diagrams. Statistical methods " -"reveal quantitative trends, patterns, and outliers in data, while plots " -"and graphs help to convey them to audiences. Carrying out a suitable " -"statistical analysis and choosing a suitable chart type for your data, " -"identifying their potential pitfalls, and faithfully realising the " -"analysis or generating the chart with suitable software are essential to " -"back up experimental conclusions with data and reach communication goals." -msgstr "" +"Quantitative data is often summarized and analysed with statistical methods " +"and visualized with plots/graphs/diagrams. Statistical methods reveal " +"quantitative trends, patterns, and outliers in data, while plots and graphs " +"help to convey them to audiences. Carrying out a suitable statistical " +"analysis and choosing a suitable chart type for your data, identifying their" +" potential pitfalls, and faithfully realising the analysis or generating the" +" chart with suitable software are essential to back up experimental " +"conclusions with data and reach communication goals." +msgstr "" +"Les données quantitatives sont souvent résumées et analysées avec des " +"méthodes statistiques et visualisées avec des tracés/graphiques/diagrammes. " +"Les méthodes statistiques révèlent des tendances quantitatives, des modèles " +"et des valeurs aberrantes dans les données, tandis que les tracés et les " +"graphiques aident à les transmettre au public. Réaliser une analyse " +"statistique appropriée et choisir un type de graphique adapté à vos données," +" identifier leurs pièges potentiels et réaliser fidèlement l'analyse ou " +"générer le graphique avec un logiciel approprié sont essentiels pour étayer " +"les conclusions expérimentales avec des données et atteindre les objectifs " +"de communication." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:7 msgid "Dimensionality reduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Réduction de la dimensionnalité" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:10 msgid "" -"Dimensionality reduction (also called dimension reduction) aims at " -"mapping high-dimensional data onto a lower-dimensional space in order to " -"better reveal trends and patterns. Algorithms performing this task " -"attempt to retain as much information as possible when reducing the " -"dimensionality of the data: this is achieved by assigning importance " -"scores to individual features, removing redundancies, and identifying " -"uninformative (for instance constant) features. Dimensionality reduction " -"is an important step in quantitative analysis as it makes data more " -"manageable and easier to visualize. It is also an important preprocessing" -" step in many downstream analysis algorithms, such as machine learning " -"classifiers." -msgstr "" - -#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md +"Dimensionality reduction (also called dimension reduction) aims at mapping " +"high-dimensional data onto a lower-dimensional space in order to better " +"reveal trends and patterns. Algorithms performing this task attempt to " +"retain as much information as possible when reducing the dimensionality of " +"the data: this is achieved by assigning importance scores to individual " +"features, removing redundancies, and identifying uninformative (for instance" +" constant) features. Dimensionality reduction is an important step in " +"quantitative analysis as it makes data more manageable and easier to " +"visualize. It is also an important preprocessing step in many downstream " +"analysis algorithms, such as machine learning classifiers." +msgstr "" +"La réduction de dimensionnalité (également appelée réduction de dimension) " +"vise à cartographier des données de grande dimension sur un espace de " +"dimension inférieure afin de mieux révéler les tendances et les modèles. Les" +" algorithmes effectuant cette tâche tentent de conserver autant " +"d'informations que possible lors de la réduction de la dimensionnalité des " +"données : cela est réalisé en attribuant des scores d'importance aux " +"caractéristiques individuelles, en supprimant les redondances et en " +"identifiant les caractéristiques non informatives (par exemple constantes). " +"La réduction de la dimensionnalité est une étape importante dans l'analyse " +"quantitative car elle rend les données plus gérables et plus faciles à " +"visualiser. Il s'agit également d'une étape de prétraitement importante dans" +" de nombreux algorithmes d'analyse en aval, tels que les classificateurs " +"d'apprentissage automatique." + +#: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:0 msgid "📏 How do I do it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📏 Comment faire ?" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:13 msgid "" "The most traditional dimensionality reduction technique is principal " -"component analysis (PCA){cite}`Lever2017-pca`. In a nutshell, PCA " -"recovers a linear transformation of the input data into a new coordinate " -"system (the principal components) that concentrates variation into its " -"first axes. This is achieved by relying on classical linear algebra, by " -"computing an eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix of the data. As " -"a result, the first 2 or 3 principal components provide a low-dimensional" -" version of the data distribution that is faithful to the variance that " -"was originally present. More advanced dimensionality reduction methods " -"that are popular in biology include t-distributed stochastic neighbor " -"embedding (t-SNE) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection " -"(UMAP). In contrast to PCA, these methods are non-linear and can " -"therefore exploit more complex relationships between features when " -"building the lower-dimensional representation. This however comes at a " -"cost: both t-SNE and UMAP are stochastic, meaning that the results they " -"produce are highly dependent on the choice of hyperparameters and can " -"differ across different runs." -msgstr "" +"component analysis (PCA){cite}`Lever2017-pca`. In a nutshell, PCA recovers a" +" linear transformation of the input data into a new coordinate system (the " +"principal components) that concentrates variation into its first axes. This " +"is achieved by relying on classical linear algebra, by computing an " +"eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix of the data. As a result, the " +"first 2 or 3 principal components provide a low-dimensional version of the " +"data distribution that is faithful to the variance that was originally " +"present. More advanced dimensionality reduction methods that are popular in " +"biology include t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and " +"Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). In contrast to PCA, " +"these methods are non-linear and can therefore exploit more complex " +"relationships between features when building the lower-dimensional " +"representation. This however comes at a cost: both t-SNE and UMAP are " +"stochastic, meaning that the results they produce are highly dependent on " +"the choice of hyperparameters and can differ across different runs." +msgstr "" +"La technique de réduction de dimensionnalité la plus traditionnelle est " +"l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP){cite}`Lever2017-pca`. En un mot, " +"PCA récupère une transformation linéaire des données d'entrée dans un " +"nouveau système de coordonnées (les composantes principales) qui concentre " +"la variation dans ses premiers axes. Ceci est réalisé en s'appuyant sur " +"l'algèbre linéaire classique, en calculant une décomposition propre de la " +"matrice de covariance des données. En conséquence, les 2 ou 3 premières " +"composantes principales fournissent une version de faible dimension de la " +"distribution des données qui est fidèle à la variance qui était présente à " +"l'origine. Les méthodes de réduction de dimensionnalité plus avancées qui " +"sont populaires en biologie comprennent l'incorporation de voisins " +"stochastiques à distribution t (t-SNE) et l'approximation et la projection " +"uniformes de la variété (UMAP). Contrairement à l'ACP, ces méthodes sont non" +" linéaires et peuvent donc exploiter des relations plus complexes entre les " +"caractéristiques lors de la construction de la représentation de dimension " +"inférieure. Cela a cependant un coût : t-SNE et UMAP sont stochastiques, ce " +"qui signifie que les résultats qu'ils produisent dépendent fortement du " +"choix des hyperparamètres et peuvent différer d'une exécution à l'autre." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:18 msgid "" -"Although reducing dimensionality can be very useful for data exploration " -"and analysis, it may also wipe information or structure that is relevant " -"to the problem being studied. This is famously well illustrated by the " -"[Datasaurus " +"Although reducing dimensionality can be very useful for data exploration and" +" analysis, it may also wipe information or structure that is relevant to the" +" problem being studied. This is famously well illustrated by the [Datasaurus" +" " "dataset](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/datasauRus/vignettes/Datasaurus.html)," -" which demonstrates how very differently-looking sets of measurements can" -" become indistinguishable when described by a small set of summary " +" which demonstrates how very differently-looking sets of measurements can " +"become indistinguishable when described by a small set of summary " "statistics. The best way to minimize this risk is to start by visually " -"exploring the data whenever possible, and carefully checking any " -"underlying assumptions of the dimensionality reduction method being used " -"to ensure that they hold for the considered data. Dimensionality " -"reduction may also enhance and reveal patterns that are not biologically " -"relevant, due to noise or systematic artifacts in the original data (see " -"Batch effect correction section below). In addition to applying " -"normalization and batch correction to the data prior to reducing " -"dimensionality, some dimensionality reduction methods also offer so-" -"called regularization strategies to mitigate this. In the end, any " -"pattern identified in dimension-reduced data should be considered while " -"keeping in mind the biological context of the data in order to interpret " -"the results appropriately." -msgstr "" +"exploring the data whenever possible, and carefully checking any underlying " +"assumptions of the dimensionality reduction method being used to ensure that" +" they hold for the considered data. Dimensionality reduction may also " +"enhance and reveal patterns that are not biologically relevant, due to noise" +" or systematic artifacts in the original data (see Batch effect correction " +"section below). In addition to applying normalization and batch correction " +"to the data prior to reducing dimensionality, some dimensionality reduction " +"methods also offer so-called regularization strategies to mitigate this. In " +"the end, any pattern identified in dimension-reduced data should be " +"considered while keeping in mind the biological context of the data in order" +" to interpret the results appropriately." +msgstr "" +"Bien que la réduction de la dimensionnalité puisse être très utile pour " +"l'exploration et l'analyse des données, elle peut également effacer des " +"informations ou une structure pertinente pour le problème étudié. Ceci est " +"bien illustré par le [jeu de données " +"Datasaurus](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/datasauRus/vignettes/Datasaurus.html)," +" qui montre comment des ensembles de mesures très différents peuvent devenir" +" indiscernables lorsqu'il est décrit par un petit ensemble de statistiques " +"sommaires. La meilleure façon de minimiser ce risque est de commencer par " +"explorer visuellement les données chaque fois que possible et de vérifier " +"soigneusement toutes les hypothèses sous-jacentes de la méthode de réduction" +" de dimensionnalité utilisée pour s'assurer qu'elles sont valables pour les " +"données considérées. La réduction de la dimensionnalité peut également " +"améliorer et révéler des modèles qui ne sont pas biologiquement pertinents, " +"en raison du bruit ou des artefacts systématiques dans les données d'origine" +" (voir la section Correction de l'effet de lot ci-dessous). En plus " +"d'appliquer la normalisation et la correction par lots aux données avant de " +"réduire la dimensionnalité, certaines méthodes de réduction de la " +"dimensionnalité offrent également des stratégies dites de régularisation " +"pour atténuer cela. En fin de compte, tout modèle identifié dans les données" +" à dimension réduite doit être pris en compte tout en gardant à l'esprit le " +"contexte biologique des données afin d'interpréter les résultats de manière " +"appropriée." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:26 msgid "" @@ -462,110 +654,176 @@ msgid "" "Tour](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220416606_Dimension_Reduction_A_Guided_Tour)" " {cite}`Burges2010-fi`" msgstr "" +"📖 [Dimension Reduction : Une visite " +"guidée](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220416606_Dimension_Reduction_A_Guided_Tour)" +" {cite}`Burges2010-fi`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:27 msgid "" "💻 [UMAP introduction and Python implementation](https://umap-" "learn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html)" msgstr "" +"💻 [Introduction UMAP et implémentation Python](https://umap-" +"learn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:28 msgid "" "💻 [t-SNE Python implementation](https://scikit-" "learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.manifold.TSNE.html)" msgstr "" +"💻 [implémentation Python t-SNE] (https://scikit-" +"learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.manifold.TSNE.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:32 msgid "Batch correction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Correction par lots" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:35 msgid "" "Batch effects are systematic variations across samples correlated with " -"experimental conditions (such as different times of the day, different " -"days of the week, or different experimental tools) that are not related " -"to the biological process of interest. Batch effects must be mitigated " -"prior to making comparisons across several datasets as they impact the " +"experimental conditions (such as different times of the day, different days " +"of the week, or different experimental tools) that are not related to the " +"biological process of interest. Batch effects must be mitigated prior to " +"making comparisons across several datasets as they impact the " "reproducibility and reliability of computational analysis and can " "dramatically bias conclusions. Algorithms for batch effect correction " -"address this by identifying and quantifying sources of technical " -"variation, and adjusting the data so that these are minimized while the " -"biological signal is preserved. Most batch effect correction methods were" -" originally developed for microarray data and sequencing data, but can be" -" adapted to feature vectors extracted from images." -msgstr "" +"address this by identifying and quantifying sources of technical variation, " +"and adjusting the data so that these are minimized while the biological " +"signal is preserved. Most batch effect correction methods were originally " +"developed for microarray data and sequencing data, but can be adapted to " +"feature vectors extracted from images." +msgstr "" +"Les effets de lot sont des variations systématiques entre les échantillons " +"corrélées aux conditions expérimentales (telles que différents moments de la" +" journée, différents jours de la semaine ou différents outils expérimentaux)" +" qui ne sont pas liées au processus biologique d'intérêt. Les effets de lot " +"doivent être atténués avant d'effectuer des comparaisons entre plusieurs " +"ensembles de données, car ils ont un impact sur la reproductibilité et la " +"fiabilité de l'analyse informatique et peuvent considérablement biaiser les " +"conclusions. Les algorithmes de correction de l'effet de lot résolvent ce " +"problème en identifiant et en quantifiant les sources de variation technique" +" et en ajustant les données de manière à ce qu'elles soient minimisées tout " +"en préservant le signal biologique. La plupart des méthodes de correction " +"d'effet de lot ont été développées à l'origine pour les données de " +"microréseaux et les données de séquençage, mais peuvent être adaptées aux " +"vecteurs de caractéristiques extraits des images." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:38 msgid "" "Two of the most used methods for batch effect correction are ComBat and " -"Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), depending on whether the sources of " -"batch effects are known a priori or not. In a nutshell, ComBat involves " -"three steps: 1) dividing the data into known batches, 2) estimating batch" -" effect by fitting a linear model that includes the batch as a covariate " -"and 3) adjusting the data by removing the estimated effect of the batch " -"from each data point. In contrast, SVA aims at identifying \"surrogate " -"variables\" that capture unknown sources of variability in the data. The " -"surrogate variables can be estimated relying on linear algebra methods " -"(such as singular value decomposition) or through a Bayesian factor " -"analysis model. SVA has been demonstrated to reduce unobserved sources of" -" variability and is therefore of particular help when identifying " -"possible causes of batch effects is challenging, but comes at a higher " -"computational cost than ComBat." -msgstr "" +"Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), depending on whether the sources of batch" +" effects are known a priori or not. In a nutshell, ComBat involves three " +"steps: 1) dividing the data into known batches, 2) estimating batch effect " +"by fitting a linear model that includes the batch as a covariate and 3) " +"adjusting the data by removing the estimated effect of the batch from each " +"data point. In contrast, SVA aims at identifying \"surrogate variables\" " +"that capture unknown sources of variability in the data. The surrogate " +"variables can be estimated relying on linear algebra methods (such as " +"singular value decomposition) or through a Bayesian factor analysis model. " +"SVA has been demonstrated to reduce unobserved sources of variability and is" +" therefore of particular help when identifying possible causes of batch " +"effects is challenging, but comes at a higher computational cost than " +"ComBat." +msgstr "" +"Deux des méthodes les plus utilisées pour la correction des effets de lot " +"sont ComBat et Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), selon que les sources des " +"effets de lot sont connues a priori ou non. En un mot, ComBat implique trois" +" étapes : 1) diviser les données en lots connus, 2) estimer l'effet de lot " +"en ajustant un modèle linéaire qui inclut le lot comme covariable et 3) " +"ajuster les données en supprimant l'effet estimé du lot de chaque point de " +"données. En revanche, la SVA vise à identifier des « variables de " +"substitution » qui capturent des sources inconnues de variabilité dans les " +"données. Les variables de substitution peuvent être estimées en s'appuyant " +"sur des méthodes d'algèbre linéaire (telles que la décomposition en valeurs " +"singulières) ou via un modèle d'analyse factorielle bayésienne. Il a été " +"démontré que la SVA réduit les sources de variabilité non observées et est " +"donc particulièrement utile lorsqu'il est difficile d'identifier les causes " +"possibles des effets de lot, mais a un coût de calcul plus élevé que ComBat." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:41 msgid "" "As important as it is for analysis, batch effect correction can go wrong " -"when too much or too little of it is done. Both over- and under-" -"correction can happen when methods are not used properly or when their " -"underlying assumptions are not met. As a result, either biological " -"signals can be removed (in the case of over-correction) or irrelevant " -"sources of variation can remain (in the case of under-correction) - both " -"potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions. Batch effect correction " -"can be particularly tricky when the biological variation of interest is " -"suspected to confound with the batch. In this case in particular " -"(although always a good approach), the first lines of fight against batch" -" effects should be thought-through experimental design and careful " -"quality control, as well as visual exploration of the " -"data{cite}`Lord2020-sp`. Plotting data batch-by-batch before applying any" -" correction can help confirm (or infirm) that the observed trends are " -"similar across batches." -msgstr "" +"when too much or too little of it is done. Both over- and under-correction " +"can happen when methods are not used properly or when their underlying " +"assumptions are not met. As a result, either biological signals can be " +"removed (in the case of over-correction) or irrelevant sources of variation " +"can remain (in the case of under-correction) - both potentially leading to " +"inaccurate conclusions. Batch effect correction can be particularly tricky " +"when the biological variation of interest is suspected to confound with the " +"batch. In this case in particular (although always a good approach), the " +"first lines of fight against batch effects should be thought-through " +"experimental design and careful quality control, as well as visual " +"exploration of the data{cite}`Lord2020-sp`. Plotting data batch-by-batch " +"before applying any correction can help confirm (or infirm) that the " +"observed trends are similar across batches." +msgstr "" +"Aussi importante soit-elle pour l'analyse, la correction de l'effet de lot " +"peut mal tourner lorsqu'elle est trop ou trop peu effectuée. Une sur-" +"correction et une sous-correction peuvent se produire lorsque les méthodes " +"ne sont pas utilisées correctement ou lorsque leurs hypothèses sous-jacentes" +" ne sont pas satisfaites. En conséquence, soit les signaux biologiques " +"peuvent être supprimés (en cas de sur-correction), soit des sources de " +"variation non pertinentes peuvent subsister (en cas de sous-correction), les" +" deux pouvant conduire à des conclusions inexactes. La correction de l'effet" +" de lot peut être particulièrement délicate lorsque la variation biologique " +"d'intérêt est suspectée de se confondre avec le lot. Dans ce cas en " +"particulier (bien que toujours une bonne approche), les premières lignes de " +"lutte contre les effets de lot doivent être une conception expérimentale " +"réfléchie et un contrôle qualité minutieux, ainsi qu'une exploration " +"visuelle des données{cite}`Lord2020-sp`. Le traçage des données lot par lot " +"avant d'appliquer une correction peut aider à confirmer (ou à infirmer) que " +"les tendances observées sont similaires d'un lot à l'autre." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:49 msgid "" "📄 [Why Batch Effects Matter in Omics Data, and How to Avoid " "Them](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.02.012) {cite}`Goh2017-kd`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Pourquoi les effets de lot sont importants dans les données Omics et " +"comment les éviter] (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.02.012) " +"{cite}`Goh2017-kd`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:50 msgid "" "💻 [pyComBat (ComBat Python " "implementation)](https://epigenelabs.github.io/pyComBat/)" msgstr "" +"💻 [pyComBat (implémentation Python " +"ComBat)](https://epigenelabs.github.io/pyComBat/)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:51 msgid "" -"📄 [The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted " -"variation in high-throughput " +"📄 [The sva package for removing batch effects and other unwanted variation " +"in high-throughput " "experiments](https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts034) " "{cite}`Leek2012-rv`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Le package sva pour supprimer les effets de lot et autres variations " +"indésirables dans les expériences à haut " +"débit](https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts034) {cite}`Leek2012-rv`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:55 msgid "Normality testing" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Test de normalité" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:58 msgid "" "Normality testing is about assessing whether data follow a Gaussian (or " -"nomal) distribution. Because the Gaussian distribution is frequently " -"found in nature and has important mathematical properties, normality is a" -" core assumption in many widely-used statistical tests. When this " -"assumption is violated, their conclusions may not hold or be flawed. " -"Normality testing is therefore an important step of the data analysis " -"pipeline prior to any sort of statistical testing." -msgstr "" +"nomal) distribution. Because the Gaussian distribution is frequently found " +"in nature and has important mathematical properties, normality is a core " +"assumption in many widely-used statistical tests. When this assumption is " +"violated, their conclusions may not hold or be flawed. Normality testing is " +"therefore an important step of the data analysis pipeline prior to any sort " +"of statistical testing." +msgstr "" +"Le test de normalité consiste à évaluer si les données suivent une " +"distribution gaussienne (ou nominale). Étant donné que la distribution " +"gaussienne se trouve fréquemment dans la nature et possède des propriétés " +"mathématiques importantes, la normalité est une hypothèse de base dans de " +"nombreux tests statistiques largement utilisés. Lorsque cette hypothèse est " +"violée, leurs conclusions peuvent ne pas tenir ou être erronées. Le test de " +"normalité est donc une étape importante du pipeline d'analyse des données " +"avant tout type de test statistique." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:61 msgid "" @@ -574,234 +832,68 @@ msgid "" "readout, statistical methods such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) and " "Shapiro-Wilk tests (among many others) report how much the observed data " "distribution deviates from a Gaussian. These tests usually return and a " -"p-value linked to the hypothesis that the data are sampled from a " -"Gaussian distribution. A high p-value indicates that the data are not " -"inconsistent with a normal distribution, but is not sufficient to prove " -"that they indeed follow a Gaussian. A p-values smaller than a pre-defined" -" significance threshold (usually 0.05) indicates that the data are not " -"sampled from a normal distribution." -msgstr "" +"p-value linked to the hypothesis that the data are sampled from a Gaussian " +"distribution. A high p-value indicates that the data are not inconsistent " +"with a normal distribution, but is not sufficient to prove that they indeed " +"follow a Gaussian. A p-values smaller than a pre-defined significance " +"threshold (usually 0.05) indicates that the data are not sampled from a " +"normal distribution." +msgstr "" +"La normalité d'une distribution de données peut être évaluée qualitativement" +" par traçage, par exemple en s'appuyant sur un histogramme. Pour une lecture" +" plus quantitative, des méthodes statistiques telles que les tests de " +"Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) et de Shapiro-Wilk (parmi beaucoup d'autres) " +"indiquent dans quelle mesure la distribution des données observées s'écarte " +"d'une gaussienne. Ces tests renvoient généralement et une valeur de p liée à" +" l'hypothèse que les données sont échantillonnées à partir d'une " +"distribution gaussienne. Une valeur de p élevée indique que les données ne " +"sont pas incompatibles avec une distribution normale, mais n'est pas " +"suffisante pour prouver qu'elles suivent bien une gaussienne. Une valeur de " +"p inférieure à un seuil de signification prédéfini (généralement 0,05) " +"indique que les données ne sont pas échantillonnées à partir d'une " +"distribution normale." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:65 msgid "" -"Although lots of the “standard” statistical methods have been designed " -"with a normnality assumption, alternative approaches exist for non-" -"normally-ditributed data. Many biological processes result in multimodal " -"“states” (for instance differentiation) that are inherently not Gaussian." -" Normality testing should therefore not be mistaken for a quality " -"assessment of the data: it merely informs on the types of tools that are " -"appropriate to use when analyzing them." -msgstr "" +"Although lots of the “standard” statistical methods have been designed with " +"a normnality assumption, alternative approaches exist for non-normally-" +"ditributed data. Many biological processes result in multimodal “states” " +"(for instance differentiation) that are inherently not Gaussian. Normality " +"testing should therefore not be mistaken for a quality assessment of the " +"data: it merely informs on the types of tools that are appropriate to use " +"when analyzing them." +msgstr "" +"Bien que de nombreuses méthodes statistiques \"standard\" aient été conçues " +"avec une hypothèse de normalité, des approches alternatives existent pour " +"les données non distribuées normalement. De nombreux processus biologiques " +"aboutissent à des « états » multimodaux (par exemple la différenciation) qui" +" ne sont pas gaussiens par nature. Le test de normalité ne doit donc pas " +"être confondu avec une évaluation de la qualité des données : il renseigne " +"simplement sur les types d'outils qu'il convient d'utiliser pour les " +"analyser." #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:68 msgid "" -"📖 [Modern statistics for modern biology](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/)" -" {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" +"📖 [Modern statistics for modern biology](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/) " +"{cite}`Holmes2019-no`" msgstr "" +"📖 [Statistiques modernes pour la biologie " +"moderne](https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/) {cite}`Holmes2019-no`" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:69 msgid "" -"💻 [To get started with statistical analysis: " -"R](https://www.r-project.org/)" +"💻 [To get started with statistical analysis: R](https://www.r-project.org/)" msgstr "" +"💻 [Pour débuter avec l'analyse statistique : R](https://www.r-project.org/)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/Statistics.md:70 msgid "" "💻 [To do statistics in Python: " "scipy.stats](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/stats.html)" msgstr "" +"💻 [Pour faire des statistiques en Python : " +"scipy.stats](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/stats.html)" #: ../../04_Data_presentation/_notinyet_Presentation_graphs.md:1 msgid "Presentation of graphs" -msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Quantitative data is often summarized " -#~ "and analysed with statistical methods " -#~ "and visualized with plots/graphs/diagrams. " -#~ "Statistical methods reveal quantitative " -#~ "trends, patterns, and outliers in data," -#~ " while plots and graphs help to " -#~ "convey them to audiences. Carrying out" -#~ " a suitable statistical analysis and " -#~ "choosing a suitable chart type for " -#~ "your data, identifying their potential " -#~ "pitfalls, and faithfully realising the " -#~ "analysis or generating the chart with" -#~ " suitable softwares are essential to " -#~ "back up experimental conclusions with " -#~ "data and reach communication goals." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Dimensionality reduction (also called " -#~ "dimension reduction) aims at mapping " -#~ "high-dimensional data onto a lower " -#~ "dimensional space in order to better " -#~ "reveal trends and patterns. Algorithms " -#~ "performing this task attempt to retain" -#~ " as much information as possible when" -#~ " reducing the dimensionality of the " -#~ "data: this is achieved by assigning " -#~ "importance scores to individual features, " -#~ "removing redundancies, and identifying " -#~ "uninformative (for instance constant) " -#~ "features. Dimensionality reduction is an " -#~ "important step in quantitative analysis " -#~ "as it makes data more manageable " -#~ "and easier to visualize. It is " -#~ "also an important preprocessing step in" -#~ " many downstream analysis algorithms, such" -#~ " as machine learning classifiers." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The most traditional dimensionality reduction" -#~ " techniques is principal component analysis" -#~ " (PCA). In a nutshell, PCA recovers" -#~ " a linear transformation of the input" -#~ " data into a new coordinate system" -#~ " (the principal components) that " -#~ "concentrates variation into its first " -#~ "axes. This is achieved relying on " -#~ "classical linear algebra, by computing " -#~ "an eigendecomposition of the covariance " -#~ "matrix of the data. As a result," -#~ " the first 2 or 3 principal " -#~ "components provide a low-dimensional " -#~ "version of the data distribution that" -#~ " is faithful to the variance that " -#~ "was originally present. More advanced " -#~ "dimensionality reduction methods that are " -#~ "popular in biology include t-distributed " -#~ "stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and " -#~ "Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection" -#~ " (UMAP). In contrast to PCA, these" -#~ " methods are non-linear and can " -#~ "therefore exploit more complex relationships" -#~ " between features when building the " -#~ "lower-dimensional representation. This however" -#~ " comes at a cost: both t-SNE " -#~ "and UMAP are stochastic, meaning that" -#~ " the results they produce are highly" -#~ " dependent on the choice of " -#~ "hyperparameters and can differ across " -#~ "different runs." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Although reducing dimensionality can be " -#~ "very useful for data exploration and " -#~ "analysis, it may also wipe information" -#~ " or structure that is relevant to " -#~ "the problem being studied. The best " -#~ "way to minimize this risk is to" -#~ " carefully check any underlying assumptions" -#~ " of the method being used, and " -#~ "ensure that they hold for the " -#~ "considered data. Dimensionality reduction may" -#~ " also enhance and reveal patterns " -#~ "that are not biologically relevant, due" -#~ " to noise or systematic artifacts in" -#~ " the original data (see Batch effect" -#~ " correction section below). In addition " -#~ "to applying normalization and batch " -#~ "correction to the data prior to " -#~ "reducing dimensionality, some dimensionality " -#~ "reduction methods also offer so-called" -#~ " regularization strategies to mitigate " -#~ "this. In the end, any pattern " -#~ "identified in dimension-reduced data " -#~ "should be considered while keeping in" -#~ " mind the biological context of the" -#~ " data in order to interpret the " -#~ "results appropriately." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Batch effects are systematic variations " -#~ "across samples correlated with experimental" -#~ " conditions (such as different time " -#~ "of the day, different days of the" -#~ " week, or different experimental tools) " -#~ "and that are not related to the" -#~ " biological process of interest. Batch " -#~ "effects must be mitigated prior to " -#~ "making comparisons across several datasets " -#~ "as they impact the reproducibility and" -#~ " reliability of computational analysis and" -#~ " can dramatically bias conclusions. " -#~ "Algorithms for batch effect correction " -#~ "address this by identifying and " -#~ "quantifying sources of technical variation," -#~ " and adjusting the data so that " -#~ "these are minimized while biological " -#~ "signal is preserved. Most batch effect" -#~ " correction methods were originally " -#~ "developed for microarray data and " -#~ "sequencing data, but can be adapted " -#~ "to feature vectors extracted from " -#~ "images." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Two of the most used methods for" -#~ " batch effect correction are ComBat " -#~ "and Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA), " -#~ "depending on whether the sources of " -#~ "batch effects is known a priori or" -#~ " not. In a nutshell, ComBat involves" -#~ " three steps: 1) dividing the data" -#~ " into known batches, 2) estimating " -#~ "batch effect by fitting a linear " -#~ "model that includes the batch as a" -#~ " covariatem and 3) adjusting the data" -#~ " by removing the estimated effect of" -#~ " the batch from each data point. " -#~ "In contrast, SVA aims at identifying " -#~ "\"surrogate variables\" that capture unknown" -#~ " sources of variability in the data." -#~ " The surrogate variables can be " -#~ "estimated relying on linear algebra " -#~ "methods (such as singular value " -#~ "decomposition) or through a Bayesian " -#~ "factor analysis model. SVA has been " -#~ "demonstrated to reduce unobserved sources " -#~ "of variability and is therefore of " -#~ "particular help when identifying possible " -#~ "causes of batch effects is challenging," -#~ " but comes at a higher computational" -#~ " cost than ComBat." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "As important as it is for " -#~ "analysis, batch effect correction can go" -#~ " wrong when too much or too " -#~ "little of it is done. Both over-" -#~ " and under-correction can happen when" -#~ " methods are not used properly or " -#~ "when their underlying assumptions are " -#~ "not met. As a result, either " -#~ "biological signal can be removed (in " -#~ "the case of over-correction) or " -#~ "irrelevant sources of variation can " -#~ "remain (in the case of under-" -#~ "correction) - both potentially leading " -#~ "to inaccurate conclusions. Batch effect " -#~ "correction can be particularly tricky " -#~ "when the biological variation of " -#~ "interest is suspected to confound with" -#~ " the batch. In this cases in " -#~ "particular (although always a good " -#~ "approach), the first line of fight " -#~ "against batch effects should be " -#~ "thought-through experimental design and " -#~ "careful quality control." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "A paper recommending checklists and best" -#~ " practices for publishing image data" -#~ msgstr "" - +msgstr "Présentation des graphiques" From c11c5efd8c6fc213f666f842fb4c90d80c5e074f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 15:07:15 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 72/76] Translate 03_Image_analysis.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '03_Image_analysis.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po index 4e3590e77..98d7d3631 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 09:37-0400\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 15:03+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" "Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" @@ -794,10 +794,10 @@ msgstr "Pour des exemples de documentation et des tutoriels." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:59 msgid "" "🌐 [CellProfiler user manual](https://cellprofiler-" -"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/index.html)" +"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.6/index.html)" msgstr "" "🌐 [Manuel d'utilisation de CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" -"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/index.html)" +"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.6/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:60 msgid "🌐 [Examples](https://cellprofiler.org/examples)" From 8474f0dc9885b163974cc1ccd2f79e8a7b1a1c7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 15:24:16 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 73/76] Removing _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 94% of minimum 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 188 +++++++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 107 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index 8c0955de7..2c2e17e6c 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -1,153 +1,179 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2024 +# Copyright (C) 2023 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. -# -# Translators: -# Youssef Chebli, 2023 -# Beth Cimini, 2024 -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 10:14-0400\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" -"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 15:22+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" +"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" +"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Language: fr\n" -"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" +"Generated-By: Babel 2.14.0\n" #: ../../contributors.md:1 msgid "Contributing to this guide" -msgstr "Contribuer à ce guide" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:3 msgid "Contributors" -msgstr "Collaborateurs" +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:5 msgid "" -"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper \"[**_A" -" biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " +"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper " +"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative " +"bioimaging " "experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" " "{cite}`Senft2023-zy`. by Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina " "Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig " -"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew " -"Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth A. " -"Cimini." -msgstr "" -"Le matériel original de ce livre a été créé dans le cadre de l'article " -"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging" -" experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" {cite}` " -"Senft2023-zy`. par Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina Colarusso, " -"Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig Brideau, Paula " -"Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew Gonzales, Peter " -"Bankhead, Edward L Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri et Beth A. Cimini." +"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew" +" Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth" +" A. Cimini." +msgstr "" #: ../../contributors.md:7 msgid "" +"This project was initiated by the [Center for Open Bioimage " +"Analysis](https://openbioimageanalysis.org/) .We are grateful to " +"[Bioimaging North America](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/) " +"(especially its [Image " +"Informatics](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/image-informatics-" +"wg/) and [Training and Education](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org" +"/te-wg/) Working Groups) for both initial and ongoing support of this " +"project." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../contributors.md:9 +msgid "" "Since this guide has become available, we gratefully acknowledge " "contributions from the following members of the microscopy and bioimage " "analysis community!" msgstr "" -"Nous remercions chaleureusement les contributions des membres de la " -"communauté de microscopie et d'analyse de bioimages suivants!" -#: ../../contributors.md:8 +#: ../../contributors.md:10 msgid "William Giang" -msgstr "William Giang" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:9 +#: ../../contributors.md:11 msgid "Robert Haase" -msgstr "Robert Haase" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:11 +#: ../../contributors.md:13 msgid "" "Improvements to the build and maintenance system for this book have come " "from" msgstr "" -"Les améliorations apportées au système de construction et de maintenance de " -"ce livre proviennent de" -#: ../../contributors.md:12 +#: ../../contributors.md:14 msgid "Pete Bankhead" -msgstr "Pete Bankhead" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:14 +#: ../../contributors.md:16 msgid "How can I become a contributor?" -msgstr "Comment devenir collaborateur?" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:16 +#: ../../contributors.md:18 msgid "" "Please feel free to open an " "[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" -"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " -"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" -" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " -"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " -"disponibles." -#: ../../contributors.md:18 +#: ../../contributors.md:20 msgid "" "We currently also offer a [Google " "Form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly than " -"direct contributions to the GitHub repository." +" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly " +"than direct contributions to the GitHub repository." msgstr "" -"Nous vous proposons également un [formulaire " -"Google](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" pour y ajouter vos contributions. Notez que celles-ci peuvent être traitées" -" plus lentement que les contributions directes au référentiel GitHub." -#: ../../contributors.md:21 +#: ../../contributors.md:23 msgid "Translation" -msgstr "Traduction" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:23 +#: ../../contributors.md:25 msgid "" "This guide is available in [English](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) as " "well as [Czech](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org), " "[Portuguese](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org), and " "[Spanish](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." msgstr "" -"Ce guide est disponible en [anglais](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) ainsi " -"qu'en [tchèque](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org), " -"[portugais](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org ), et " -"[espagnol](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." -#: ../../contributors.md:25 +#: ../../contributors.md:27 msgid "" -"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - translation " -"is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, Japanese, " -"Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these languages, or another" -" language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." +"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - " +"translation is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, " +"Japanese, Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these " +"languages, or another language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT" +" broadinstitute DOT org." msgstr "" -"Des travaux sont en cours pour traduire ce guide dans d'autres langues : une" -" traduction est prévue ou a commencé en français, allemand, finnois, " -"italien, japonais, polonais et farsi. Pour aider à traduire dans l'une de " -"ces langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez " -"contacter bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." -#: ../../contributors.md:27 +#: ../../contributors.md:29 msgid "Translations are gratefully acknowledged from:" -msgstr "Nous remercions chaleureusement les traducteurs :" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:29 +#: ../../contributors.md:31 msgid "Czech : Martin Schätz" -msgstr "Tchèque : Martin Schätz" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:30 +#: ../../contributors.md:32 msgid "Portuguese: Mario Costa Cruz" -msgstr "Portugais : Mario Costa Cruz" +msgstr "" -#: ../../contributors.md:31 +#: ../../contributors.md:33 msgid "Spanish: Mariana De Niz" -msgstr "Espagnol : Mariana De Niz" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The original material for this book " +#~ "was created as part of the paper" +#~ " [A biologist’s guide to the field" +#~ " of quantitative " +#~ "bioimaging](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439283) by " +#~ "Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*," +#~ " Pina Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim " +#~ "Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, " +#~ "Craig Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, " +#~ "Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin " +#~ "Andrew Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward " +#~ "L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and" +#~ " Beth A. Cimini." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Work is underway to translate this " +#~ "guide into other languages - translation" +#~ " is planned or has begun in " +#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, Czech, and " +#~ "Polish. To help translate into one " +#~ "of these languages, or another language" +#~ " not listed here, please contact " +#~ "bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This guide is available in " +#~ "[English](www.bioimagingguide.org) as well as " +#~ "Czech(cz.bioimagingguide.org)." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Work is underway to translate this " +#~ "guide into other languages - translation" +#~ " is planned or has begun in " +#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Finnish," +#~ " and Polish. To help translate into" +#~ " one of these languages, or another" +#~ " language not listed here, please " +#~ "contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT " +#~ "org." +#~ msgstr "" + From 84293f2ae537b36bbbb06d822096fce741ef2212 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 15:24:30 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 74/76] Removing 03_Image_analysis.pot in fr 98% of minimum 100% translated source file: '03_Image_analysis.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po | 1802 +++++++------------- 1 file changed, 601 insertions(+), 1201 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po index 98d7d3631..fa5f46192 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po @@ -1,195 +1,122 @@ -# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2024 -# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. -# -# Translators: -# Beth Cimini, 2024 -# -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" + +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 15:03+0000\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" -"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 15:22+0000\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" +"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" +"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Language: fr\n" -"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" +"Generated-By: Babel 2.14.0\n" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:1 msgid "Object classification" -msgstr "Classement des objets" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:3 msgid "What is classification?" -msgstr "Qu'est-ce que le classement ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:4 msgid "" "Simply put, phenotypic classification is about categorizing objects into " "different groups based on their features (aka measurements)." msgstr "" -"En termes simples, la classification phénotypique consiste à classer les " -"objets en différents groupes en fonction de leurs caractéristiques (ou " -"mesures)." -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:0 ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md msgid "📏 How do I measure it?" -msgstr "📏 Comment le mesurer ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:10 msgid "" -"Phenotypic classification can be performed a few different ways. One way to " -"break this down is by unsupervised vs. supervised classification." +"Phenotypic classification can be performed a few different ways. One way " +"to break this down is by unsupervised vs. supervised classification." msgstr "" -"La classification phénotypique peut être effectuée de différentes manières. " -"Une façon de décomposer cela consiste à utiliser une classification non " -"supervisée ou supervisée." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:12 msgid "" -"In **supervised classification**, a human also provides information on what " -"the different groups of objects should look like by providing representative" -" examples of each group in a training dataset. The computer then learns how " -"to assign objects to groups based on their measurements by testing models " -"against the ground truth training dataset." +"In **supervised classification**, a human also provides information on " +"what the different groups of objects should look like by providing " +"representative examples of each group in a training dataset. The computer" +" then learns how to assign objects to groups based on their measurements " +"by testing models against the ground truth training dataset." msgstr "" -"Dans la **classification supervisée**, un humain fournit également des " -"informations sur ce à quoi les différents groupes d'objets devraient " -"ressembler en fournissant des exemples représentatifs de chaque groupe dans " -"un ensemble de données d'entraînement. L'ordinateur apprend ensuite à " -"affecter des objets à des groupes en fonction de leurs mesures en testant " -"des modèles par rapport à l'ensemble de données de formation de vérité " -"terrain." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:14 msgid "" -"For example, you could classify cells based on a visual phenotype and train " -"a machine learning classifier to derive which measurement ranges are " -"associated with different classes. This is supervised classification because" -" a person is providing instruction of how many classes there should be and " -"examples of what each class should look like for the computer to learn from." -" An example of this could be annotating a subset of cells that are in " -"different stages of mitosis and training a classifier to use your labels to " -"find other cells in those stages." -msgstr "" -"Par exemple, vous pouvez classer les cellules en fonction d'un phénotype " -"visuel et former un classificateur d'apprentissage automatique pour " -"déterminer les plages de mesure associées aux différentes classes. Il s'agit" -" d'une classification supervisée, car une personne fournit des instructions " -"sur le nombre de classes qu'il devrait y avoir et des exemples de ce à quoi " -"chaque classe devrait ressembler pour que l'ordinateur puisse apprendre. Un " -"exemple de ceci pourrait être l'annotation d'un sous-ensemble de cellules " -"qui sont à différents stades de la mitose et la formation d'un " -"classificateur à utiliser vos étiquettes pour trouver d'autres cellules à " -"ces stades." +"For example, you could classify cells based on a visual phenotype and " +"train a machine learning classifier to derive which measurement ranges " +"are associated with different classes. This is supervised classification " +"because a person is providing instruction of how many classes there " +"should be and examples of what each class should look like for the " +"computer to learn from. An example of this could be annotating a subset " +"of cells that are in different stages of mitosis and training a " +"classifier to use your labels to find other cells in those stages." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:16 msgid "" "In **unsupervised classification**, you group objects based on their " -"measurements, but without any top-down human-defined guidance into how many " -"groups there are or what the groups should look like." +"measurements, but without any top-down human-defined guidance into how " +"many groups there are or what the groups should look like." msgstr "" -"Dans la **classification non supervisée**, vous regroupez des objets en " -"fonction de leurs mesures, mais sans aucune indication humaine descendante " -"sur le nombre de groupes ou à quoi les groupes devraient ressembler." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:18 msgid "" -"For example, you could measure hundreds or thousands of features of cells " -"from many treatments, as is typical in large-scale cell profiling " +"For example, you could measure hundreds or thousands of features of cells" +" from many treatments, as is typical in large-scale cell profiling " "experiments. Next you could let the computer cluster the cells into some " -"number of different groups based on having similar measurements. This is a " -"form of unsupervised clustering, where you observe what groups emerge from a" -" computer considering their measurements only, and not class labels we " -"impose as researchers. These sorts of clustering experiments can provide " -"novel results but may also be harder to interpret; see this " +"number of different groups based on having similar measurements. This is " +"a form of unsupervised clustering, where you observe what groups emerge " +"from a computer considering their measurements only, and not class labels" +" we impose as researchers. These sorts of clustering experiments can " +"provide novel results but may also be harder to interpret; see this " "protocol{cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023` for more information." msgstr "" -"Par exemple, vous pouvez mesurer des centaines ou des milliers de " -"caractéristiques de cellules à partir de nombreux traitements, comme c'est " -"généralement le cas dans les expériences de profilage cellulaire à grande " -"échelle. Ensuite, vous pouvez laisser l'ordinateur regrouper les cellules en" -" un certain nombre de groupes différents en fonction de mesures similaires. " -"Il s'agit d'une forme de regroupement non supervisé, où vous observez quels " -"groupes émergent d'un ordinateur en tenant compte uniquement de leurs " -"mesures, et non des étiquettes de classe que nous imposons en tant que " -"chercheurs. Ces types d'expériences de regroupement peuvent fournir de " -"nouveaux résultats, mais peuvent également être plus difficiles à " -"interpréter ; voir ce protocole{cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023` pour plus " -"d'informations." - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:0 ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:0 + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md msgid "⚠️ Where can things go wrong?" msgstr "" -" ⚠️ Où les choses peuvent-elles mal " -"tourner ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:23 msgid "" -"**Valid measurements are still important** Classification can be simple or " -"complex, but results always depend on the validity of your measurements. For" -" this reason, all the caveats of earlier measurement sections also apply " -"here." +"**Valid measurements are still important** Classification can be simple " +"or complex, but results always depend on the validity of your " +"measurements. For this reason, all the caveats of earlier measurement " +"sections also apply here." msgstr "" -"**Les mesures valides sont toujours importantes** La classification peut " -"être simple ou complexe, mais les résultats dépendent toujours de la " -"validité de vos mesures. Pour cette raison, toutes les mises en garde des " -"sections de mesure précédentes s'appliquent également ici." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:24 msgid "" -"**Machines are lazy** Machine learning classifiers aren’t necessarily going " -"to learn the biologically relevant features that distinguish objects from " -"distinct groups. Confounding features, or features that vary with your " -"phenotype but are not biologically related to it, can limit the usefulness " -"of your classifier and lead to incorrect conclusions. For instance, if " -"clinicians often put rulers next to malignant looking moles and not next to " -"benign moles and try to train a machine learning classifier to distinguish " -"malignant vs. benign, the model might learn to classify images with rulers " -"as malignant without tapping into any of the relevant features of the moles." -" This is a [real example](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244720/) " -"{cite}`Narla2018-qh`. If possible, examining which features your model is " -"relying on to classify objects can be a way to check for this. It’s also " -"important to standardize how you capture images of your different classes of" -" objects and include a large enough training set with images with lots of " -"variation. You wouldn’t want all your positive cells to come from samples " -"you imaged in March and all your negative cells from samples you imaged in " -"January, for example." -msgstr "" -"**Les machines sont paresseuses** Les classificateurs d'apprentissage " -"automatique ne vont pas nécessairement apprendre les caractéristiques " -"biologiquement pertinentes qui distinguent les objets de groupes distincts. " -"Des caractéristiques confusionnelles, ou des caractéristiques qui varient " -"avec votre phénotype mais qui ne sont pas biologiquement liées à celui-ci, " -"peuvent limiter l'utilité de votre classificateur et conduire à des " -"conclusions incorrectes. Par exemple, si les cliniciens placent souvent des " -"règles à côté de taupes d'apparence maligne et non à côté de taupes bénignes" -" et essaient de former un classificateur d'apprentissage automatique pour " -"distinguer les malins des bénins, le modèle pourrait apprendre à classer les" -" images avec des règles comme malignes sans puiser dans aucun des les " -"caractéristiques pertinentes des grains de beauté. Ceci est un [exemple " -"réel](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244720/) {cite}`Narla2018-qh`. Si " -"possible, l'examen des fonctionnalités sur lesquelles votre modèle s'appuie " -"pour classer les objets peut être un moyen de vérifier cela. Il est " -"également important de normaliser la façon dont vous capturez des images de " -"vos différentes classes d'objets et d'inclure un ensemble d'entraînement " -"suffisamment grand avec des images avec beaucoup de variation. Vous ne " -"voudriez pas que toutes vos cellules positives proviennent d'échantillons " -"que vous avez imagés en mars et toutes vos cellules négatives d'échantillons" -" que vous avez imagés en janvier, par exemple." +"**Machines are lazy** Machine learning classifiers aren’t necessarily " +"going to learn the biologically relevant features that distinguish " +"objects from distinct groups. Confounding features, or features that vary" +" with your phenotype but are not biologically related to it, can limit " +"the usefulness of your classifier and lead to incorrect conclusions. For " +"instance, if clinicians often put rulers next to malignant looking moles " +"and not next to benign moles and try to train a machine learning " +"classifier to distinguish malignant vs. benign, the model might learn to " +"classify images with rulers as malignant without tapping into any of the " +"relevant features of the moles. This is a [real " +"example](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244720/) {cite}`Narla2018-qh`." +" If possible, examining which features your model is relying on to " +"classify objects can be a way to check for this. It’s also important to " +"standardize how you capture images of your different classes of objects " +"and include a large enough training set with images with lots of " +"variation. You wouldn’t want all your positive cells to come from samples" +" you imaged in March and all your negative cells from samples you imaged " +"in January, for example." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:25 msgid "" @@ -201,61 +128,39 @@ msgid "" " {cite}`Stirling2021-ov` and [Piximi](https://www.piximi.app/) that make " "training a classifier easier, especially if you don’t know how to code." msgstr "" -"**Non-respect des hypothèses du modèle** Si vous utilisez un classificateur " -"d'apprentissage automatique, différents modèles sont livrés avec différentes" -" hypothèses intégrées. Si vous débutez, il peut être difficile de savoir " -"lequel choisir. Il existe des outils interactifs tels que [CellProfiler " -"Analyst](https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/32/20/3210/2196630)" -" {cite}`Stirling2021-ov` et [Piximi](https://www. piximi.app/) qui " -"facilitent la formation d'un classificateur, surtout si vous ne savez pas " -"coder." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:26 msgid "" -"**Messy boundaries** Most methods of supervised classification, where the " -"user assigns objects to a score or to a bin, ultimately treat each bin as a " -"totally separate entity; biology is rarely so neat. For example, a " -"supervised classifier for cell cycle phase must assign a cell to one phase, " -"but in fact progression through the cell cycle is not a perfectly switch-" -"like process, as can be visualized by measurements of individual cells " -"(colored by their class given by a human observer). More sophisticated " -"methods may be needed to classify more continuous phenotypes" -msgstr "" -"** Limites désordonnées ** La plupart des méthodes de classification " -"supervisée, où l'utilisateur attribue des objets à un score ou à un bac, " -"traitent finalement chaque bac comme une entité totalement distincte ; la " -"biologie est rarement aussi soignée. Par exemple, un classificateur " -"supervisé pour la phase du cycle cellulaire doit attribuer une cellule à une" -" phase, mais en fait la progression dans le cycle cellulaire n'est pas un " -"processus parfaitement semblable à un interrupteur, comme on peut le " -"visualiser par des mesures de cellules individuelles (colorées par leur " -"classe donnée par un observateur humain). Des méthodes plus sophistiquées " -"peuvent être nécessaires pour classer des phénotypes plus continus" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 +"**Messy boundaries** Most methods of supervised classification, where the" +" user assigns objects to a score or to a bin, ultimately treat each bin " +"as a totally separate entity; biology is rarely so neat. For example, a " +"supervised classifier for cell cycle phase must assign a cell to one " +"phase, but in fact progression through the cell cycle is not a perfectly " +"switch-like process, as can be visualized by measurements of individual " +"cells (colored by their class given by a human observer). More " +"sophisticated methods may be needed to classify more continuous " +"phenotypes" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md msgid "a continuous distribution of cell cycle states" -msgstr "une distribution continue des états du cycle cellulaire" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:35 msgid "" "**Strict division into supervised classes can be tricky for continuous " -"biological processes**. Adapted from Eulenberg, P., Köhler, N., Blasi, T. " -"_et al_. Reconstructing cell cycle and disease progression using deep " +"biological processes**. Adapted from Eulenberg, P., Köhler, N., Blasi, T." +" _et al_. Reconstructing cell cycle and disease progression using deep " "learning. _Nat Commun_ **8**, 463 (2017) {cite}`Eulenberg2017-ax`" msgstr "" -"**La division stricte en classes supervisées peut être délicate pour les " -"processus biologiques continus**. Adapté de Eulenberg, P., Köhler, N., " -"Blasi, T. _et al_. Reconstruire le cycle cellulaire et la progression de la " -"maladie à l'aide de l'apprentissage en profondeur. _Nat Commun_ **8**, 463 " -"(2017) {cite}`Eulenberg2017-ax`" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:0 ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:0 + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md msgid "📚🤷‍♀️ Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "📚🤷‍♀️ Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:41 msgid "" @@ -263,8 +168,6 @@ msgid "" "profiling](https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.4397) " "{cite}`Caicedo2017-ks`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Stratégies d'analyse de données pour le profilage cellulaire basé sur " -"l'image] (https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.4397) {cite}`Caicedo2017-ks`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:42 msgid "" @@ -273,403 +176,284 @@ msgid "" "learning](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0808843106) " "{cite}`Jones2009-zz`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Score de diverses morphologies cellulaires sur des écrans basés sur des " -"images avec rétroaction itérative et apprentissage " -"automatique](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0808843106) " -"{cite}`Jones2009-zz`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:43 msgid "" "🎥 [iBiology video series: Measurement and Phenotype " "Classification](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odi9pIerT7I)" msgstr "" -"🎥 [Série de vidéos iBiology : Mesure et classification des " -"phénotypes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odi9pIerT7I)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:44 msgid "" -"📄 [Interpreting Image-based Profiles using Similarity Clustering and Single-" -"Cell Visualization](https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.713) " +"📄 [Interpreting Image-based Profiles using Similarity Clustering and " +"Single-Cell Visualization](https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.713) " "{cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Interprétation des profils basés sur des images à l'aide du clustering de" -" similarité et de la visualisation à cellule unique] " -"(https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.713) {cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:1 msgid "Colocalization" -msgstr "Colocalisation" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:4 msgid "What is colocalization?" -msgstr "Qu'est-ce que la colocalisation ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:6 msgid "" -"Colocalization is when two or more different labels (e.g., eGFP and mCherry)" -" spatially overlap in your image (also called co-occurrence). Another " -"component of colocalization is that the fluorescent labels often correlate " -"in intensity (i.e., pixels with brighter eGFP also have brighter mCherry). " -"It is very important to measure colocalization quantitatively–**do not just " -"trust your eyes!**" -msgstr "" -"La colocalisation se produit lorsque deux ou plusieurs étiquettes " -"différentes (par exemple, eGFP et mCherry) se chevauchent spatialement dans " -"votre image (également appelée co-occurrence). Une autre composante de la " -"colocalisation est que les étiquettes fluorescentes sont souvent corrélées " -"en intensité (c'est-à-dire que les pixels avec un eGFP plus lumineux ont " -"également un mCherry plus lumineux). Il est très important de mesurer " -"quantitativement la colocalisation - ** ne vous fiez pas seulement à vos " -"yeux ! **" +"Colocalization is when two or more different labels (e.g., eGFP and " +"mCherry) spatially overlap in your image (also called co-occurrence). " +"Another component of colocalization is that the fluorescent labels often " +"correlate in intensity (i.e., pixels with brighter eGFP also have " +"brighter mCherry). It is very important to measure colocalization " +"quantitatively–**do not just trust your eyes!**" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:8 msgid "" -"It is also important to recognize that co-ocurrence does not _necessarily_ " -"imply interaction." +"It is also important to recognize that co-ocurrence does not " +"_necessarily_ imply interaction." msgstr "" -"Il est également important de reconnaître que la cooccurrence n'implique pas" -" _nécessairement_ une interaction." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:11 msgid "" -"As an example, it is possible for two people to work in the same building " -"and never interact." +"As an example, it is possible for two people to work in the same building" +" and never interact." msgstr "" -"A titre d’exemple, il est possible que deux personnes travaillent dans le " -"même bâtiment sans jamais interagir." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:21 msgid "degrees of colocalization" -msgstr "degrés de colocalisation" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:21 msgid "**Colocalization is about intensity and spatial overlap of labels**" msgstr "" -"**La colocalisation concerne l'intensité et le chevauchement spatial des " -"étiquettes**" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:28 msgid "" -"There are two main branches for how to look at colocalization: Object-based " -"and correlation-based." +"There are two main branches for how to look at colocalization: Object-" +"based and correlation-based." msgstr "" -"Il existe deux branches principales pour examiner la colocalisation : basée " -"sur les objets et basée sur la corrélation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:30 +#, python-format msgid "" -"**Object-based colocalization** is appropriate when you want to be able to " -"say something about a fraction of objects being positive for multiple labels" -" (e.g., 99% of eGFP+ cells were also mCherry+). Here’s a sample workflow:" +"**Object-based colocalization** is appropriate when you want to be able " +"to say something about a fraction of objects being positive for multiple " +"labels (e.g., 99% of eGFP+ cells were also mCherry+). Here’s a sample " +"workflow:" msgstr "" -"La **colocalisation basée sur des objets** est appropriée lorsque vous " -"souhaitez pouvoir dire quelque chose sur une fraction d'objets positifs pour" -" plusieurs étiquettes (par exemple, 99 % des cellules eGFP+ étaient " -"également mCherry+). Voici un exemple de flux de travail :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:51 msgid "" "**Correlation-based colocalization** is more appropriate when the labels " -"you’re measuring are not found in discrete objects or when you predict that " -"the signal in the labels should correlate. Correlation-based colocalization " -"is simpler to measure as it does not require any {term}`segmentation` of " -"objects. Pearson correlation coefficients are readily measurable in most " -"image analysis softwares (e.g., FIJI, CellProfiler, etc.)." -msgstr "" -"La **colocalisation basée sur la corrélation** est plus appropriée lorsque " -"les étiquettes que vous mesurez ne se trouvent pas dans des objets discrets " -"ou lorsque vous prédisez que le signal dans les étiquettes doit être " -"corrélé. La colocalisation basée sur la corrélation est plus simple à " -"mesurer car elle ne nécessite aucune {term}`segmentation` des objets. Les " -"coefficients de corrélation de Pearson sont facilement mesurables dans la " -"plupart des logiciels d'analyse d'images (par exemple, FIJI, CellProfiler, " -"etc.)." +"you’re measuring are not found in discrete objects or when you predict " +"that the signal in the labels should correlate. Correlation-based " +"colocalization is simpler to measure as it does not require any " +"{term}`segmentation` of objects. Pearson correlation coefficients are " +"readily measurable in most image analysis softwares (e.g., FIJI, " +"CellProfiler, etc.)." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:55 msgid "" -"**Not having adequate controls** (e.g., single label controls where only one" -" fluorescent label is present). Noise, uneven illumination, and other " +"**Not having adequate controls** (e.g., single label controls where only " +"one fluorescent label is present). Noise, uneven illumination, and other " "technical artifacts can cause correlation between two channels" msgstr "" -"**N'ayant pas de contrôles adéquats** (par exemple, des contrôles à " -"étiquette unique où une seule étiquette fluorescente est présente). Le " -"bruit, l'éclairage inégal et d'autres artefacts techniques peuvent provoquer" -" une corrélation entre deux canaux" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:56 msgid "" "**Not correcting for shift between channels** It’s common to have some " "degree of shift between different imaging channels due to differences in " -"optics (e.g., different filter cubes). Not correcting for this shift (e.g., " -"by measuring it and applying the corresponding correction to the channels) " -"can limit your ability to detect colocalization." +"optics (e.g., different filter cubes). Not correcting for this shift " +"(e.g., by measuring it and applying the corresponding correction to the " +"channels) can limit your ability to detect colocalization." msgstr "" -"**Pas de correction du décalage entre les canaux** Il est courant d'avoir un" -" certain degré de décalage entre les différents canaux d'imagerie en raison " -"des différences d'optique (par exemple, différents cubes de filtres). Ne pas" -" corriger ce décalage (par exemple, en le mesurant et en appliquant la " -"correction correspondante aux canaux) peut limiter votre capacité à détecter" -" la colocalisation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:57 msgid "" -"**Bleedthrough** Sometimes signal from one fluorescent channel bleeds into " -"another, which can falsely increase your detected colocalization. This " -"happens most commonly with fluorophores that are similar in spectra (e.g., " -"GFP and YFP). This is caused by fluorophore in one channel being weakly " -"excited by light used to excite a different fluorophore and the resulting " -"emitted fluorescence makes it through the emission filter (e.g., your green " -"objects show up in the yellow channel as well). Assess this with single " -"label controls." -msgstr "" -"**Bleedthrough** Parfois, le signal d'un canal fluorescent se répand dans un" -" autre, ce qui peut faussement augmenter votre colocalisation détectée. Cela" -" se produit le plus souvent avec des fluorophores dont les spectres sont " -"similaires (par exemple, GFP et YFP). Cela est dû au fait que le fluorophore" -" dans un canal est faiblement excité par la lumière utilisée pour exciter un" -" fluorophore différent et la fluorescence émise qui en résulte passe à " -"travers le filtre d'émission (par exemple, vos objets verts apparaissent " -"également dans le canal jaune). Évaluez cela avec des contrôles à étiquette " -"unique." +"**Bleedthrough** Sometimes signal from one fluorescent channel bleeds " +"into another, which can falsely increase your detected colocalization. " +"This happens most commonly with fluorophores that are similar in spectra " +"(e.g., GFP and YFP). This is caused by fluorophore in one channel being " +"weakly excited by light used to excite a different fluorophore and the " +"resulting emitted fluorescence makes it through the emission filter " +"(e.g., your green objects show up in the yellow channel as well). Assess " +"this with single label controls." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:58 msgid "" -"**Improper interpretation of your colocalization metric** The details of the" -" metric chosen here are very important - they vary widely in terms of their " -"inclusion of background pixels, their sensitivity to signal-to-noise, etc. " -"Consultation with an expert and the inclusion of proper controls can help " -"you be assured that your measurement is truly what you think it is." +"**Improper interpretation of your colocalization metric** The details of " +"the metric chosen here are very important - they vary widely in terms of " +"their inclusion of background pixels, their sensitivity to signal-to-" +"noise, etc. Consultation with an expert and the inclusion of proper " +"controls can help you be assured that your measurement is truly what you " +"think it is." msgstr "" -"**Mauvaise interprétation de votre métrique de colocalisation** Les détails " -"de la métrique choisie ici sont très importants - ils varient " -"considérablement en termes d'inclusion de pixels d'arrière-plan, de " -"sensibilité au signal sur bruit, etc. Consultation avec un expert et le " -"l'inclusion de contrôles appropriés peut vous aider à être assuré que votre " -"mesure est vraiment ce que vous pensez qu'elle est." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:63 msgid "" "🔢 [Theoretical background on " "colocalization](https://svi.nl/ColocalizationTheory)" msgstr "" -"🔢 [Contexte théorique sur la " -"colocalisation](https://svi.nl/ColocalizationTheory)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:64 msgid "" "📄 [Image co-localization - co-occurrence versus " -"correlation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151/Image-" -"co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}`Aaron2018-qi`" +"correlation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151" +"/Image-co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}`Aaron2018-qi`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Co-localisation d'images - co-occurrence versus " -"corrélation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151/Image-" -"co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}` Aaron2018-qi`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:1 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:1 msgid "Default Caption" -msgstr "Légende par défaut" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:1 msgid "Common types of analysis" -msgstr "Types d'analyse courants" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:3 msgid "" "In this section, we detail information and tips about some common, very " "useful types of image analysis. We first describe two aspects of " -"morphological analysis. **Morphology** is the study of the appearance, form," -" and structure of an object and morphological measurements include those " -"based on object **shape** (e.g. cell area) as well as **intensity** (e.g. " -"mean brightness of GFP). After describing shape-based and intensity-based " -"analyses, we also present tips for measuring **colocalization**, **tracking " -"objects**, and **classifying objects**." -msgstr "" -"Dans cette section, nous détaillons des informations et des conseils sur " -"certains types d'analyse d'image courants et très utiles. Nous décrivons " -"d'abord deux aspects de l'analyse morphologique. La **morphologie** est " -"l'étude de l'apparence, de la forme et de la structure d'un objet. Les " -"mesures morphologiques incluent celles basées sur la **forme** de l'objet " -"(par exemple, la zone cellulaire) ainsi que sur l'**intensité** (par " -"exemple, la luminosité moyenne de GFP). Après avoir décrit les analyses " -"basées sur la forme et sur l'intensité, nous présentons également des " -"conseils pour mesurer la **colocalisation**, le **suivi d'objets** et la " -"**classification d'objets**." +"morphological analysis. **Morphology** is the study of the appearance, " +"form, and structure of an object and morphological measurements include " +"those based on object **shape** (e.g. cell area) as well as **intensity**" +" (e.g. mean brightness of GFP). After describing shape-based and " +"intensity-based analyses, we also present tips for measuring " +"**colocalization**, **tracking objects**, and **classifying objects**." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:1 msgid "Data management and sharing" -msgstr "Gestion et partage des données" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:3 msgid "What is it?" -msgstr "Qu'est-ce que c'est?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:5 msgid "" "Both journals and scientific funders have placed more emphasis in recent " -"years on the fact that it is critical to save both the raw data generated " -"during the course of scientific discovery as well as the workflows used to " -"process such data. While mandates to publicly deposit raw image data have " -"recently gone into place in several countries, it can be difficult for " -"researchers to know where to store images, code, and metadata associated " -"with their bioimaging experiments." -msgstr "" -"Les revues et les bailleurs de fonds scientifiques ont mis davantage " -"l'accent ces dernières années sur le fait qu'il est essentiel de sauvegarder" -" à la fois les données brutes générées au cours de la découverte " -"scientifique ainsi que les flux de travail utilisés pour traiter ces " -"données. Bien que des mandats de dépôt public de données d'images brutes " -"aient récemment été mis en place dans plusieurs pays, il peut être difficile" -" pour les chercheurs de savoir où stocker les images, le code et les " -"métadonnées associées à leurs expériences de bioimagerie." - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 +"years on the fact that it is critical to save both the raw data generated" +" during the course of scientific discovery as well as the workflows used " +"to process such data. While mandates to publicly deposit raw image data " +"have recently gone into place in several countries, it can be difficult " +"for researchers to know where to store images, code, and metadata " +"associated with their bioimaging experiments." +msgstr "" + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md msgid "🤔 What are my options?" -msgstr "🤔 Quelles sont mes options ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:9 msgid "" -"There are many options for storing image data in online repositories. These " -"services make it easy to share and reuse data. The best option will depend " -"on the size of the dataset, the budget for storage, whether there is related" -" non-image data, and how much metadata is available for the dataset. Some " -"options are summarized below:" +"There are many options for storing image data in online repositories. " +"These services make it easy to share and reuse data. The best option will" +" depend on the size of the dataset, the budget for storage, whether there" +" is related non-image data, and how much metadata is available for the " +"dataset. Some options are summarized below:" msgstr "" -"Il existe de nombreuses options pour stocker des données d'image dans des " -"référentiels en ligne. Ces services facilitent le partage et la " -"réutilisation des données. La meilleure option dépendra de la taille de " -"l'ensemble de données, du budget de stockage, de l'existence ou non de " -"données liées à des images et de la quantité de métadonnées disponibles pour" -" l'ensemble de données. Certaines options sont résumées ci-dessous :" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md msgid "Comparison of various data respositories" -msgstr "Comparaison de différents référentiels de données" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:18 msgid "" "**Options for storing bioimaging data** Figure by Beth Cimini (2023) " "[Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7628604)" msgstr "" -"**Options de stockage des données de bioimagerie** Figure de Beth Cimini " -"(2023) [Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7628604)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:24 msgid "" "**Not storing original versions of images**. It is critical that the raw " -"image data be saved and stored. It is very important that these files are " -"not compressed formats (e.g., '.jpeg') or modified from the original files " -"on which analysis was performed. If files are modified, measurements will " -"change and the analysis pipeline will not be reproducible to anyone else." -msgstr "" -"**Ne stocke pas les versions originales des images**. Il est essentiel que " -"les données d'image brutes soient enregistrées et stockées. Il est très " -"important que ces fichiers ne soient pas des formats compressés (par " -"exemple, '.jpeg') ou modifiés à partir des fichiers originaux sur lesquels " -"l'analyse a été effectuée. Si les fichiers sont modifiés, les mesures " -"changeront et le pipeline d'analyse ne pourra être reproduit par personne " -"d'autre." +"image data be saved and stored. It is very important that these files are" +" not compressed formats (e.g., '.jpeg') or modified from the original " +"files on which analysis was performed. If files are modified, " +"measurements will change and the analysis pipeline will not be " +"reproducible to anyone else." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:26 msgid "" "**Necessary imaging metadata is unavailable**. In order to properly " -"calibrate measurement data, it's critical that information like pixel size " -"(e.g., in microns), the microscope manufacturer and model, and acquisition " -"settings are included alongside the data. If this isn't included, it will be" -" very difficult to reproduce results or use the combine the data with other " -"datasets." -msgstr "" -"**Les métadonnées d'imagerie nécessaires ne sont pas disponibles**. Afin de " -"calibrer correctement les données de mesure, il est essentiel que des " -"informations telles que la taille des pixels (par exemple, en microns), le " -"fabricant et le modèle du microscope et les paramètres d'acquisition soient " -"incluses à côté des données. Si cela n'est pas inclus, il sera très " -"difficile de reproduire les résultats ou d'utiliser la combinaison des " -"données avec d'autres ensembles de données." +"calibrate measurement data, it's critical that information like pixel " +"size (e.g., in microns), the microscope manufacturer and model, and " +"acquisition settings are included alongside the data. If this isn't " +"included, it will be very difficult to reproduce results or use the " +"combine the data with other datasets." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:32 msgid "🌐 [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/)" -msgstr "🌐 [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:33 msgid "🌐 [Figshare](https://figshare.com)" -msgstr "🌐 [Figshare](https://figshare.com)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:34 msgid "🌐 [Dryad](https://datadryad.org)" -msgstr "🌐 [Dryade](https://datadryad.org)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:35 msgid "" "🌐 [Bioimage Archive](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/bioimage-archive/) " "{cite}`Hartley2022-mt`" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Archive Bioimage](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/bioimage-archive/) " -"{cite}`Hartley2022-mt`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:36 msgid "" "🌐 [Image Data Resource (IDR)](https://idr.openmicroscopy.org/) " "{cite}`Williams2017-yy`" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Ressource de données d'image (IDR)] (https://idr.openmicroscopy.org/) " -"{cite}`Williams2017-yy`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:37 msgid "🌐 [BBBC](https://bbbc.broadinstitute.org/) {cite}`Ljosa2012-fr`" -msgstr "🌐 [BBBC](https://bbbc.broadinstitute.org/) {cite}`Ljosa2012-fr`" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:38 msgid "" "🌐 [Cell Painting Gallery](https://registry.opendata.aws/cellpainting-" "gallery/)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Galerie de peinture cellulaire] " -"(https://registry.opendata.aws/cellpainting-gallery/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:1 msgid "General Use Software" -msgstr "Logiciel à usage général" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:3 msgid "" -"Tools on this page tend to be relatively multipurpose across a lot of kinds " -"of analyses and/or images. For tools that specialize in certain analysis " -"steps, see the [Specific Use Software](./SpecificUseSoftware.md) page." +"Tools on this page tend to be relatively multipurpose across a lot of " +"kinds of analyses and/or images. For tools that specialize in certain " +"analysis steps, see the [Specific Use Software](./SpecificUseSoftware.md)" +" page." msgstr "" -"Les outils de cette page ont tendance à être relativement polyvalents pour " -"de nombreux types d'analyses et/ou d'images. Pour les outils spécialisés " -"dans certaines étapes d'analyse, consultez la page [Logiciel à usage " -"spécifique](./SpecificUseSoftware.md)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:6 msgid "" "\"logo\" ImageJ" msgstr "" -" \"logo\" ImageJ" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:9 msgid "" "[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) " "{cite}`Schneider2012-gs,Schindelin2012-kk,Rueden2017-ku` is an imaging " "processing program that is capable of operating on a variety of images " -"including multichannel, 3D and time series. It provides a variety of basic " -"imaging processing operations, but it can be complemented with a variety of " -"plugins for more complex tasks." +"including multichannel, 3D and time series. It provides a variety of " +"basic imaging processing operations, but it can be complemented with a " +"variety of plugins for more complex tasks." msgstr "" -"[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) " -"{cite}`Schneider2012-gs,Schindelin2012-kk,Rueden2017-ku` est un programme de" -" traitement d'image capable de fonctionner sur une variété d'images, y " -"compris multicanaux, 3D et séries chronologiques. Il fournit une variété " -"d'opérations de traitement d'image de base, mais il peut être complété par " -"une variété de plugins pour des tâches plus complexes." - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:0 + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md msgid "What are its disadvantages?" -msgstr "Quels sont ses inconvénients ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:14 msgid "" @@ -677,46 +461,36 @@ msgid "" "capability of batch processing and creating macros it does require some " "understanding of coding." msgstr "" -"Les opérations de traitement d'image sont effectuées une à la fois, bien " -"qu'il ait la capacité de traiter par lots et de créer des macros, il " -"nécessite une certaine compréhension du codage." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:15 msgid "" -"But while it can open large images, there is a size limit to the size it can" -" handle based on the available memory. And even if it can open large images " -"it can slow down performance." +"But while it can open large images, there is a size limit to the size it " +"can handle based on the available memory. And even if it can open large " +"images it can slow down performance." msgstr "" -"Mais bien qu'il puisse ouvrir de grandes images, il existe une limite de " -"taille à la taille qu'il peut gérer en fonction de la mémoire disponible. Et" -" même s'il peut ouvrir de grandes images, il peut ralentir les performances." -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:0 -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md msgid "How to download/install and learn more?" -msgstr "Comment télécharger/installer et en savoir plus ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:20 msgid "To download ImageJ or its “batteries-included” distribution Fiji go to" msgstr "" -"Pour télécharger ImageJ ou sa distribution \"piles incluses\" Fidji, rendez-" -"vous sur" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:24 msgid "🌐 [ImageJ download](https://imagej.net/downloads)" -msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement ImageJ](https://imagej.net/downloads)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:26 msgid "" -"For documentation and tutorials on how to use ImageJ as well as a list of " -"available plugins" +"For documentation and tutorials on how to use ImageJ as well as a list of" +" available plugins" msgstr "" -"Pour de la documentation et des tutoriels sur l'utilisation d'ImageJ ainsi " -"qu'une liste des plugins disponibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:30 msgid "🌐 [ImageJ basics](https://imagej.net/learn/)" -msgstr "🌐 [Les bases d'ImageJ](https://imagej.net/learn/)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:34 msgid "" @@ -724,63 +498,42 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/original/2X/b/bcdcd5ba157e07e74dd1964ec81765e708455ed9.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> CellProfiler" msgstr "" -" \"logo\" CellProfiler" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:36 msgid "" "[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) {cite}`Stirling2021-sg` is a " -"software designed for biologists by biologists; it creates a bridge between " -"image analysis and scientist with no need of computational expertise. It was" -" designed with the idea of an image analysis pipeline in mind: it allows you" -" to take a series of interoperable modules to design your own custom " -"analysis pipeline that can be applied to one or thousands of images, making " -"it suitable for high throughput image analysis." -msgstr "" -"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) {cite}`Stirling2021-sg` est un " -"logiciel conçu pour les biologistes par des biologistes ; il crée un pont " -"entre l'analyse d'images et le scientifique sans avoir besoin d'expertise " -"informatique. Il a été conçu avec l'idée d'un pipeline d'analyse d'images à " -"l'esprit : il vous permet de prendre une série de modules interopérables " -"pour concevoir votre propre pipeline d'analyse personnalisé qui peut être " -"appliqué à une ou des milliers d'images, ce qui le rend adapté à l'analyse " -"d'images à haut débit. ." +"software designed for biologists by biologists; it creates a bridge " +"between image analysis and scientist with no need of computational " +"expertise. It was designed with the idea of an image analysis pipeline in" +" mind: it allows you to take a series of interoperable modules to design " +"your own custom analysis pipeline that can be applied to one or thousands" +" of images, making it suitable for high throughput image analysis." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:42 msgid "" "CellProfiler can’t handle large images, like whole tissue sections from " -"histology experiments. The image size is currently limited by the available " -"memory on your computer." +"histology experiments. The image size is currently limited by the " +"available memory on your computer." msgstr "" -"CellProfiler ne peut pas gérer de grandes images, comme des sections de " -"tissus entiers provenant d'expériences d'histologie. La taille de l'image " -"est actuellement limitée par la mémoire disponible sur votre ordinateur." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:43 msgid "" -"While CellProfiler can perform analysis on 3D images the visualization is " -"limited to a one z-plane at a time via a slider on the viewing window." +"While CellProfiler can perform analysis on 3D images the visualization is" +" limited to a one z-plane at a time via a slider on the viewing window." msgstr "" -"Alors que CellProfiler peut effectuer une analyse sur des images 3D, la " -"visualisation est limitée à un plan z à la fois via un curseur sur la " -"fenêtre de visualisation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:44 -msgid "" -"Also several features of CellProfiler are only available for 2D images." +msgid "Also several features of CellProfiler are only available for 2D images." msgstr "" -"De plus, plusieurs fonctionnalités de CellProfiler ne sont disponibles que " -"pour les images 2D." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:49 msgid "To download CellProfiler" -msgstr "Pour télécharger Cell Profiler" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:53 msgid "🌐 [CellProfiler download](https://cellprofiler.org/releases)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [téléchargement de CellProfiler] (https://cellprofiler.org/releases)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:55 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:84 @@ -789,31 +542,27 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:172 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:59 msgid "For documentation examples and tutorials." -msgstr "Pour des exemples de documentation et des tutoriels." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:59 msgid "" "🌐 [CellProfiler user manual](https://cellprofiler-" "manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.6/index.html)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Manuel d'utilisation de CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" -"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.6/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:60 msgid "🌐 [Examples](https://cellprofiler.org/examples)" -msgstr "🌐 [Exemples](https://cellprofiler.org/examples)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:61 msgid "🌐 [Tutorials](https://tutorials.cellprofiler.org/)" -msgstr "🌐 [Tutoriels](https://tutorials.cellprofiler.org/)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:62 msgid "" "🎥 [Video tutorials and " "workshops](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXSm9cHbSZBBy7JkChB32_e3lURUcT3RL)" msgstr "" -"🎥 [Tutoriels vidéo et " -"ateliers](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXSm9cHbSZBBy7JkChB32_e3lURUcT3RL)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:66 msgid "" @@ -821,52 +570,39 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/optimized/3X/6/0/6039b2daa4b6b1c32943f63f464cf3c477898bfe_2_750x750.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> QuPath" msgstr "" -" \"logo\" QuPath" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:68 msgid "" -"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) {cite}`Bankhead2017-kz` offers a wide " -"set of image analysis tools that can be applied to whole slide images. For " -"that reason it is widely utilized with pathology images, but it can be used " -"with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel classification tools " -"and can integrate with ImageJ (e.g., for sending {term}`ROIs` between the " -"programs, or for accessing ImageJ plugins)." -msgstr "" -"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) {cite}`Bankhead2017-kz` propose un large" -" éventail d'outils d'analyse d'image pouvant être appliqués à des images de " -"diapositives entières. Pour cette raison, il est largement utilisé avec des " -"images de pathologie, mais il peut également être utilisé avec d'autres " -"images. QuPath contient également des outils de classification de pixels et " -"peut s'intégrer à ImageJ (par exemple, pour envoyer des {term}`ROIs` entre " -"les programmes ou pour accéder aux plugins ImageJ)." +"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) {cite}`Bankhead2017-kz` offers a wide" +" set of image analysis tools that can be applied to whole slide images. " +"For that reason it is widely utilized with pathology images, but it can " +"be used with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel " +"classification tools and can integrate with ImageJ (e.g., for sending " +"{term}`ROIs` between the programs, or for accessing ImageJ plugins)." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:73 msgid "" -"To get the most out of QuPath (especially when analyzing many images), some " -"scripting and knowledge of coding (or adapting other’s code) is necessary" +"To get the most out of QuPath (especially when analyzing many images), " +"some scripting and knowledge of coding (or adapting other’s code) is " +"necessary" msgstr "" -"Pour tirer le meilleur parti de QuPath (en particulier lors de l'analyse de " -"nombreuses images), des scripts et une connaissance du codage (ou de " -"l'adaptation du code d'un autre) sont nécessaires" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:78 msgid "To download QuPath" -msgstr "Pour télécharger QuPath" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:82 msgid "🌐 [QuPath download](https://qupath.github.io/)" -msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement QuPath] (https://qupath.github.io/)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:88 msgid "🌐 [QuPath user manual](https://qupath.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Manuel d'utilisation de QuPath](https://qupath.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:89 msgid "🎥 [Video tutorials and workshops](https://www.youtube.com/c/qupath)" -msgstr "🎥 [Tutoriels vidéo et ateliers](https://www.youtube.com/c/qupath)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:93 msgid "" @@ -874,45 +610,35 @@ msgid "" "content/uploads/2018/07/logo_full_notext600px.png\" alt=\"logo\" " "width=\"30px\"> Icy" msgstr "" -" \"logo\" Glacé" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:95 msgid "" -"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) {cite}`De_Chaumont2012-pe` is an " -"out of the box image analysis tools, it utilizes plugins to create visual " -"image analysis protocols that can be shared with other users." +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) {cite}`De_Chaumont2012-pe` is an" +" out of the box image analysis tools, it utilizes plugins to create " +"visual image analysis protocols that can be shared with other users." msgstr "" -"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) {cite}`De_Chaumont2012-pe` est un " -"outil d'analyse d'image prêt à l'emploi, il utilise des plugins pour créer " -"des protocoles d'analyse d'image visuelle qui peuvent être partagés avec " -"d'autres utilisateurs." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:102 msgid "Icy interoperability with other softwares is limited to ImageJ" -msgstr "L'interopérabilité d'Icy avec d'autres logiciels est limitée à ImageJ" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:107 msgid "To download Icy" -msgstr "Pour télécharger Glacé" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:111 msgid "🌐 [Icy download](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/download/)" -msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement glacé](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/download/)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:117 -msgid "" -"🌐 [Icy course and tutorial](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/trainings/)" +msgid "🌐 [Icy course and tutorial](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/trainings/)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Cours et tutoriel Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/trainings/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:118 msgid "" -"🎥 [Bioimage analysis with Icy ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myal9BD6J-k)" -msgstr "" -"🎥 [Analyse de bioimages avec Icy " +"🎥 [Bioimage analysis with Icy " "](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myal9BD6J-k)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:122 msgid "" @@ -920,58 +646,44 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/optimized/3X/7/4/74273a1f9a663b52053d44c9767ed49193f2170f_2_787x750.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> MIB (Microscopy Image Browser)" msgstr "" -" \"logo\" MIB (Navigateur d'images de microscopie)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:124 msgid "" -"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) {cite}`Belevich2016-vi` is a user-" -"friendly software for image analysis of multidimensional datasets for both " -"light and electron microscopy. It allows you to use the whole acquired data " -"for its analysis and extraction of morphological features." +"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) {cite}`Belevich2016-vi` is a " +"user-friendly software for image analysis of multidimensional datasets " +"for both light and electron microscopy. It allows you to use the whole " +"acquired data for its analysis and extraction of morphological features." msgstr "" -"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) {cite}`Belevich2016-vi` est un " -"logiciel convivial pour l'analyse d'images d'ensembles de données " -"multidimensionnelles pour la microscopie optique et électronique. Il vous " -"permet d'utiliser l'ensemble des données acquises pour son analyse et " -"l'extraction de caractéristiques morphologiques." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:131 msgid "" -"It was created using MATLAB, a standalone packaged version exist, but they " -"do not use the most up-to-date MATLAB releases" +"It was created using MATLAB, a standalone packaged version exist, but " +"they do not use the most up-to-date MATLAB releases" msgstr "" -"Il a été créé à l'aide de MATLAB, une version packagée autonome existe, mais" -" ils n'utilisent pas les versions MATLAB les plus récentes" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:136 msgid "To download MIB" -msgstr "Pour télécharger MIB" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:140 msgid "🌐 [MIB download](http://mib.helsinki.fi/downloads.html)" -msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement MIB] (http://mib.helsinki.fi/downloads.html)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:146 msgid "" "🌐 [MIB user " "guide](http://mib.helsinki.fi/help/main2/im_browser_user_guide.html)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Guide de l'utilisateur MIB] " -"(http://mib.helsinki.fi/help/main2/im_browser_user_guide.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:147 msgid "🌐 [Tutorials](http://mib.helsinki.fi/tutorials.html)" -msgstr "🌐 [Tutoriels](http://mib.helsinki.fi/tutorials.html)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:148 msgid "" "🎥 [Video " "tutorials](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGkFvW985wz8cj8CWmXOFkXpvoX_HwXzj)" msgstr "" -"🎥 [Tutoriels vidéo] " -"(https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGkFvW985wz8cj8CWmXOFkXpvoX_HwXzj)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:152 msgid "" @@ -979,56 +691,41 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/optimized/3X/7/7/775e83f70639e1cb7cb299d8681d272e18718089_2_750x750.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> napari" msgstr "" -" \"logo\" napari" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:154 msgid "" -"[napari](https://napari.org/) {cite}`Sofroniew2022-nd` is being developed as" -" a multi-dimensional image viewer that can be expanded via a variety of " -"plugins to perform basic and complex image analysis tasks." +"[napari](https://napari.org/) {cite}`Sofroniew2022-nd` is being developed" +" as a multi-dimensional image viewer that can be expanded via a variety " +"of plugins to perform basic and complex image analysis tasks." msgstr "" -"[napari](https://napari.org/) {cite}`Sofroniew2022-nd` est en cours de " -"développement en tant que visionneuse d'images multidimensionnelle qui peut " -"être étendue via une variété de plug-ins pour effectuer des tâches d'analyse" -" d'images de base et complexes." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:161 msgid "" -"napari is still in the development stages, but it is a very popular platform" -" and already has a variety of plugins and use cases with tutorials " -"available." +"napari is still in the development stages, but it is a very popular " +"platform and already has a variety of plugins and use cases with " +"tutorials available." msgstr "" -"napari est encore en phase de développement, mais c'est une plate-forme très" -" populaire et dispose déjà d'une variété de plugins et de cas d'utilisation " -"avec des tutoriels disponibles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:166 msgid "To download napari" -msgstr "Pour télécharger napari" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:170 msgid "" "🌐 [napari bundled app download " -"](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/installation.html#install-" -"as-a-bundled-app)" +"](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/installation.html" +"#install-as-a-bundled-app)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [téléchargement de l'application groupée napari] " -"(https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/installation.html#install-" -"as-a-bundled-app)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:176 msgid "" "🌐 [New to napari guide " "](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/getting_started.html)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Nouveau dans le guide napari] " -"(https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/getting_started.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:177 msgid "🌐 [Tutorials](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/index.html)" -msgstr "🌐 [Tutoriels](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/index.html)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:178 msgid "" @@ -1036,156 +733,100 @@ msgid "" "series](https://focalplane.biologists.com/category/blog-series/bio-image-" "analysis-with-napari/)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Analyse de bioimage avec Napari - Une série de blogs " -"FocalPlane](https://focalplane.biologists.com/category/blog-series/bio-" -"image-analysis-with-napari/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:1 msgid "Intensity measurements" -msgstr "Mesures d'intensité" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:3 msgid "What are intensity measurements?" -msgstr "Que sont les mesures d'intensité ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:4 msgid "" -"Intensity refers to the brightness of signal for a fluorescent label. Using " -"intensity measurements, we can infer a relative amount of fluorophore or " -"stain. So for instance, if you have a protein tagged with a fluorophore, you" -" can measure the intensity of that fluorophore to get a relative measure of " -"how much protein is present in your sample. Intensity measurements include " -"the following (non-exhaustive) and can be measured within an image, in a " -"object like a cell, in subregions of an object:" -msgstr "" -"L'intensité fait référence à la luminosité du signal pour un marqueur " -"fluorescent. En utilisant des mesures d'intensité, nous pouvons déduire une " -"quantité relative de fluorophore ou de tache. Ainsi, par exemple, si vous " -"avez une protéine marquée avec un fluorophore, vous pouvez mesurer " -"l'intensité de ce fluorophore pour obtenir une mesure relative de la " -"quantité de protéine présente dans votre échantillon. Les mesures " -"d'intensité comprennent les éléments suivants (non exhaustifs) et peuvent " -"être mesurées dans une image, dans un objet comme une cellule, dans des " -"sous-régions d'un objet :" +"Intensity refers to the brightness of signal for a fluorescent label. " +"Using intensity measurements, we can infer a relative amount of " +"fluorophore or stain. So for instance, if you have a protein tagged with " +"a fluorophore, you can measure the intensity of that fluorophore to get a" +" relative measure of how much protein is present in your sample. " +"Intensity measurements include the following (non-exhaustive) and can be " +"measured within an image, in a object like a cell, in subregions of an " +"object:" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:5 msgid "**Mean intensity**: the average intensity across all pixels" -msgstr "**Intensité moyenne** : intensité moyenne sur tous les pixels" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:6 msgid "" "**Integrated intensity**: the sum of pixel intensities, a proxy for the " "total amount of that marker in an object" msgstr "" -"**Intensité intégrée** : la somme des intensités de pixels, un indicateur de" -" la quantité totale de ce marqueur dans un objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:7 msgid "**Texture measurements**: the smoothness of the intensities" -msgstr "**Mesures de texture** : la finesse des intensités" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:13 msgid "" -"Intensity is relatively straightforward to measure, but can be quite tricky " -"to do _correctly_ (see below). We strongly suggest you contact an image " -"analysis expert before proceeding with this type of analysis because there " -"are so many places things can go wrong. In general, you want to measure on " -"either raw images, or illumination-corrected images, but in general with " -"minimal {term}`image processing`. Illumination-correction is a form of " -"{term}`image processing` to compensate for the uneven pattern of " -"illumination produced by most light sources where the middle of the field of" -" illumination is brighter than the edges. Then intensity measurements can be" -" made in any standard image analysis software, either across the whole image" -" or in identified objects. See below for an example workflow:" -msgstr "" -"L'intensité est relativement simple à mesurer, mais peut être assez " -"difficile à faire _correctement_ (voir ci-dessous). Nous vous suggérons " -"fortement de contacter un expert en analyse d'images avant de procéder à ce " -"type d'analyse car il y a tellement d'endroits où les choses peuvent mal " -"tourner. En général, vous souhaitez mesurer soit sur des images brutes, soit" -" sur des images corrigées par l'éclairage, mais en général avec un " -"{term}`traitement d'image` minimal. La correction d'éclairage est une forme " -"de \"traitement d'image\" pour compenser le motif d'éclairage irrégulier " -"produit par la plupart des sources lumineuses où le milieu du champ " -"d'éclairage est plus lumineux que les bords. Ensuite, des mesures " -"d'intensité peuvent être effectuées dans n'importe quel logiciel d'analyse " -"d'image standard, soit sur l'ensemble de l'image, soit sur des objets " -"identifiés. Voir ci-dessous pour un exemple de flux de travail :" +"Intensity is relatively straightforward to measure, but can be quite " +"tricky to do _correctly_ (see below). We strongly suggest you contact an " +"image analysis expert before proceeding with this type of analysis " +"because there are so many places things can go wrong. In general, you " +"want to measure on either raw images, or illumination-corrected images, " +"but in general with minimal {term}`image processing`. Illumination-" +"correction is a form of {term}`image processing` to compensate for the " +"uneven pattern of illumination produced by most light sources where the " +"middle of the field of illumination is brighter than the edges. Then " +"intensity measurements can be made in any standard image analysis " +"software, either across the whole image or in identified objects. See " +"below for an example workflow:" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:35 msgid "" "To understand saturation another way, imagine you’re trying to measure " -"average male height with a 2 meter tape measure. If our sample contains men " -"that are taller than 2 meters, we can’t tell _how much taller_ than 6 feet " -"they are; they’re like saturated pixels that exceed the intensity we can " -"detect. This saturation of our measurement tool means we can’t accurately " -"report average height." -msgstr "" -"Pour comprendre la saturation d'une autre manière, imaginez que vous essayez" -" de mesurer la taille moyenne d'un homme avec un ruban à mesurer de 2 " -"mètres. Si notre échantillon contient des hommes qui mesurent plus de 2 " -"mètres, nous ne pouvons pas dire combien ils mesurent plus de 6 pieds ; ils " -"sont comme des pixels saturés qui dépassent l'intensité que nous pouvons " -"détecter. Cette saturation de notre outil de mesure signifie que nous ne " -"pouvons pas rapporter avec précision la taille moyenne." +"average male height with a 2 meter tape measure. If our sample contains " +"men that are taller than 2 meters, we can’t tell _how much taller_ than 6" +" feet they are; they’re like saturated pixels that exceed the intensity " +"we can detect. This saturation of our measurement tool means we can’t " +"accurately report average height." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:38 msgid "" -"**Saturation** Saturated pixels are so bright their intensity values max out" -" our detector (camera). If you have saturated pixels in the cells you’re " -"trying to measure, you really can’t do most intensity measurements. This is " -"because for saturated pixels, you don’t know how bright they really are, " -"just that they’re brighter than you can detect. There are some intensity " -"measurements that are robust to some saturation. For example, the median " -"intensity of an image won’t be affected by saturation unless you have >½ the" -" image saturated. But measurements like mean intensity will be affected by " -"saturation." -msgstr "" -"**Saturation** Les pixels saturés sont si brillants que leurs valeurs " -"d'intensité maximisent notre détecteur (caméra). Si vous avez des pixels " -"saturés dans les cellules que vous essayez de mesurer, vous ne pouvez " -"vraiment pas faire la plupart des mesures d'intensité. En effet, pour les " -"pixels saturés, vous ne savez pas à quel point ils sont réellement lumineux," -" mais simplement qu'ils sont plus lumineux que vous ne pouvez le détecter. " -"Certaines mesures d'intensité sont robustes à une certaine saturation. Par " -"exemple, l'intensité médiane d'une image ne sera pas affectée par la " -"saturation à moins que vous ayez> ½ l'image saturée. Mais des mesures comme " -"l'intensité moyenne seront affectées par la saturation." +"**Saturation** Saturated pixels are so bright their intensity values max " +"out our detector (camera). If you have saturated pixels in the cells " +"you’re trying to measure, you really can’t do most intensity " +"measurements. This is because for saturated pixels, you don’t know how " +"bright they really are, just that they’re brighter than you can detect. " +"There are some intensity measurements that are robust to some saturation." +" For example, the median intensity of an image won’t be affected by " +"saturation unless you have >½ the image saturated. But measurements like " +"mean intensity will be affected by saturation." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:40 msgid "" -"**Inadequate controls** In most cases, the exact intensity measures you get " -"don’t mean anything biologically in isolation. It’s only by comparison of " -"conditions that we can generate some biological insight. A control condition" -" is therefore **very** important to compare to your experimental condition." +"**Inadequate controls** In most cases, the exact intensity measures you " +"get don’t mean anything biologically in isolation. It’s only by " +"comparison of conditions that we can generate some biological insight. A " +"control condition is therefore **very** important to compare to your " +"experimental condition." msgstr "" -"** Contrôles inadéquats ** Dans la plupart des cas, les mesures d'intensité " -"exactes que vous obtenez ne signifient rien biologiquement isolément. Ce " -"n'est qu'en comparant les conditions que nous pouvons générer des " -"informations biologiques. Une condition de contrôle est donc **très** " -"importante à comparer à votre condition expérimentale." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:42 msgid "" -"**Not matching imaging conditions across experimental conditions** Because " -"intensity measures are affected by exposure time, light source intensity, " -"and other factors, it’s very important to match imaging settings across your" -" samples. Relatedly, you should make sure you don’t separate imaging your " -"experimental and control conditions to different days if this can be in any " -"way avoided. Fluorophores can become dimmer over time in samples, which " -"complicates interpretation if different sample types were imaged on " -"different days." -msgstr "" -"**Ne correspond pas aux conditions d'imagerie dans les conditions " -"expérimentales** Étant donné que les mesures d'intensité sont affectées par " -"le temps d'exposition, l'intensité de la source lumineuse et d'autres " -"facteurs, il est très important de faire correspondre les paramètres " -"d'imagerie de vos échantillons. De même, vous devez vous assurer de ne pas " -"séparer l'imagerie de vos conditions expérimentales et de contrôle à des " -"jours différents si cela peut être évité de quelque manière que ce soit. Les" -" fluorophores peuvent devenir plus sombres au fil du temps dans les " -"échantillons, ce qui complique l'interprétation si différents types " -"d'échantillons ont été imagés à des jours différents." +"**Not matching imaging conditions across experimental conditions** " +"Because intensity measures are affected by exposure time, light source " +"intensity, and other factors, it’s very important to match imaging " +"settings across your samples. Relatedly, you should make sure you don’t " +"separate imaging your experimental and control conditions to different " +"days if this can be in any way avoided. Fluorophores can become dimmer " +"over time in samples, which complicates interpretation if different " +"sample types were imaged on different days." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:48 msgid "" @@ -1193,103 +834,78 @@ msgid "" "measures](https://neubias.github.io/training-" "resources/measure_intensities/index.html)" msgstr "" -"🎓 [Ressource de formation Neubias sur les mesures " -"d'intensité](https://neubias.github.io/training-" -"resources/measure_intensities/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Introduction.md:1 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:3 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_processing.md:3 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_segmentation.md:3 msgid "Introduction" -msgstr "Introduction" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Introduction.md:3 msgid "" "Microscopy images are inherently quantitative, which makes them a very " -"powerful data source. As a biologist, image analysis allows you to translate" -" these numbers into insights that answer biological questions. For our " -"purposes, **image analysis** is the process of measuring aspects of " -"biological phenomena captured in microscopy images. Microscopy images are " -"already _inherently quantitative_ in that they are matrices (i.e., grids) of" -" numbers. However, image analysis is the process of turning these raw " -"numbers into biologically interpretable measurements. Image analysis " -"typically involves a series of steps that can be collected into a pipeline " -"or analysis workflow. A simple example workflow is shown below:" -msgstr "" -"Les images de microscopie sont intrinsèquement quantitatives, ce qui en fait" -" une source de données très puissante. En tant que biologiste, l'analyse " -"d'images vous permet de traduire ces chiffres en informations qui répondent " -"à des questions biologiques. Pour nos besoins, l'**analyse d'image** est le " -"processus de mesure des aspects des phénomènes biologiques capturés dans les" -" images de microscopie. Les images de microscopie sont déjà _intrinsèquement" -" quantitatives_ en ce qu'elles sont des matrices (c'est-à-dire des grilles) " -"de nombres. Cependant, l'analyse d'image est le processus de transformation " -"de ces nombres bruts en mesures biologiquement interprétables. L'analyse " -"d'images implique généralement une série d'étapes qui peuvent être " -"rassemblées dans un pipeline ou un workflow d'analyse. Un exemple de flux de" -" travail simple est illustré ci-dessous :" +"powerful data source. As a biologist, image analysis allows you to " +"translate these numbers into insights that answer biological questions. " +"For our purposes, **image analysis** is the process of measuring aspects " +"of biological phenomena captured in microscopy images. Microscopy images " +"are already _inherently quantitative_ in that they are matrices (i.e., " +"grids) of numbers. However, image analysis is the process of turning " +"these raw numbers into biologically interpretable measurements. Image " +"analysis typically involves a series of steps that can be collected into " +"a pipeline or analysis workflow. A simple example workflow is shown " +"below:" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Introduction.md:26 msgid "" -"The specifics of your workflow depend on your biological question. Below we " -"present a few common types of analysis for fluorescence microscopy " +"The specifics of your workflow depend on your biological question. Below " +"we present a few common types of analysis for fluorescence microscopy " "experiments. For each, we’ll explain key ideas to understand before you " -"begin, common pitfalls, and links to a few key resources to learn more. We " -"encourage you to think about your analysis strategy even before beginning " -"sample preparation. While not always possible, speaking with an image " -"analysis expert in your local core facility or asking a question on the " -"[image.sc](https://image.sc) forum _before you begin_ can save you a ton of " -"time and headache when it comes to designing an image analysis strategy." -msgstr "" -"Les spécificités de votre flux de travail dépendent de votre question " -"biologique. Ci-dessous, nous présentons quelques types courants d'analyse " -"pour les expériences de microscopie à fluorescence. Pour chacun, nous " -"expliquerons les idées clés à comprendre avant de commencer, les pièges " -"courants et des liens vers quelques ressources clés pour en savoir plus. " -"Nous vous encourageons à réfléchir à votre stratégie d'analyse avant même de" -" commencer la préparation des échantillons. Bien que cela ne soit pas " -"toujours possible, parler à un expert en analyse d'images de votre " -"plateforme locale ou poser une question sur le forum " -"[image.sc](https://image.sc) _avant de commencer_ peut vous faire gagner " -"beaucoup de temps et vous éviter des maux de tête lorsque il s'agit de " -"concevoir une stratégie d'analyse d'images." +"begin, common pitfalls, and links to a few key resources to learn more. " +"We encourage you to think about your analysis strategy even before " +"beginning sample preparation. While not always possible, speaking with an" +" image analysis expert in your local core facility or asking a question " +"on the [image.sc](https://image.sc) forum _before you begin_ can save you" +" a ton of time and headache when it comes to designing an image analysis " +"strategy." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:1 msgid "Resources for learning more" -msgstr "Des ressources pour en savoir plus" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:7 msgid "**Resource Name**" -msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:8 msgid "**Link**" -msgstr "**Lien**" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:9 msgid "**Brief description**" -msgstr "**Brève description**" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:10 msgid "🌐 Image.sc {cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" -msgstr "🌐 Image.sc {cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:11 msgid "[link](https://forum.image.sc/)" -msgstr "[lien](https://forum.image.sc/)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:12 msgid "Discussion forum for bioimage analysis software" -msgstr "Forum de discussion sur les logiciels d'analyse de bioimages" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:13 msgid "🌐 Peter Bankhead’s Intro to Bioimage Analysis" -msgstr "🌐 Introduction de Peter Bankhead à l'analyse de bioimage" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:14 msgid "[link](https://bioimagebook.github.io/)" -msgstr "[lien](https://bioimagebook.github.io/)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:15 msgid "" @@ -1297,300 +913,249 @@ msgid "" "questions/answers, exercises with Python and ImageJ, and videos to check " "understanding" msgstr "" -"Guide pour les débutants absolus en analyse d'images, comprenant des " -"questions/réponses intégrées, des exercices avec Python et ImageJ, et des " -"vidéos pour vérifier la compréhension" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:16 msgid "📖 Bioimage Data Analysis {cite}`Miura2016-wq`" -msgstr "📖 Analyse des données Bioimage {cite}`Miura2016-wq`" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:17 -msgid "" -"[link](https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00050003/full/bioimagedataanalysis.pdf)" +msgid "[link](https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00050003/full/bioimagedataanalysis.pdf)" msgstr "" -"[lien](https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00050003/full/bioimagedataanalysis.pdf)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:18 msgid "" "A free online textbook introducing various topics by Bioimage Analysis " "experts, edited by Kota Miura" msgstr "" -"Un manuel en ligne gratuit présentant divers sujets par des experts en " -"analyse de bioimage, édité par Kota Miura" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:19 msgid "📄 Reproducible image handling and analysis {cite}`Miura2021-mb`" -msgstr "📄 Traitement et analyse d'images reproductibles {cite}`Miura2021-mb`" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:20 msgid "[link](https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embj.2020105889)" -msgstr "[lien](https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embj.2020105889)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:21 msgid "" -"An article reviewing major pitfalls in image handling and how to avoid them " -"and create reproducible analysis workflows" +"An article reviewing major pitfalls in image handling and how to avoid " +"them and create reproducible analysis workflows" msgstr "" -"Un article passant en revue les principaux pièges de la gestion des images " -"et comment les éviter et créer des workflows d'analyse reproductibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:22 -msgid "" -"📄 Made to measure: an introduction to quantification in microscopy data" +msgid "📄 Made to measure: an introduction to quantification in microscopy data" msgstr "" -"📄 Sur mesure : une introduction à la quantification dans les données de " -"microscopie" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:23 msgid "[link](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01657#) {cite}`Culley2023-dj`" -msgstr "[lien](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01657#) {cite}`Culley2023-dj`" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:24 msgid "" "An article describing several common classes of measurements made in " "microscopy data, as well as technical factors that may affect the results" msgstr "" -"Un article décrivant plusieurs classes courantes de mesures effectuées dans " -"les données de microscopie, ainsi que les facteurs techniques pouvant " -"affecter les résultats" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:25 -msgid "" -"📄 A Hitchhiker's guide through the bio-image analysis software universe " -"{cite}`Haase2022-ad`" +msgid "🌐 Metrics Reloaded" msgstr "" -"📄 Un guide de l'auto-stoppeur à travers l'univers du logiciel d'analyse " -"d'images bio {cite}`Haase2022-ad`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:26 -msgid "" -"[link](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" +msgid "[link](https://metrics-reloaded.dkfz.de/)" msgstr "" -"[lien](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:27 msgid "" -"An article that gives guidance and a glossary of available image analysis " -"software and packages" +"An interactive guide to choosing the right metric for your scientific " +"question" msgstr "" -"Un article qui donne des conseils et un glossaire des logiciels et packages " -"d'analyse d'images disponibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:28 -msgid "🌐 BioImage Informatics Index" -msgstr "🌐 Index informatique BioImage" +msgid "" +"📄 A Hitchhiker's guide through the bio-image analysis software universe " +"{cite}`Haase2022-ad`" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:29 -msgid "[link](https://biii.eu/)" -msgstr "[lien](https://biii.eu/)" +msgid "[link](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:30 msgid "" +"An article that gives guidance and a glossary of available image analysis" +" software and packages" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:31 +msgid "🌐 BioImage Informatics Index" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:32 +msgid "[link](https://biii.eu/)" +msgstr "" + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:33 +msgid "" "Repository platform for searching bioimage analysis tools and workflows " "based on the problem, method or software of choice" msgstr "" -"Plateforme de référentiel pour la recherche d'outils d'analyse d'images " -"biographiques et de flux de travail en fonction du problème, de la méthode " -"ou du logiciel de choix" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:31 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:34 msgid "🎥 iBiology Bioimage Analysis video series" -msgstr "🎥 Série de vidéos iBiology Bioimage Analysis" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:32 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:35 msgid "[link](https://youtu.be/1xo4vi6Ub4I)" -msgstr "[lien](https://youtu.be/1xo4vi6Ub4I)" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:33 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:36 msgid "" "Video series that introduces Bioimage analysis, including overviews of " "{term}`image processing`, {term}`segmentation`, tracking, making and " "interpreting measurements, tips and pitfalls" msgstr "" -"Série de vidéos présentant l'analyse Bioimage, y compris des aperçus du " -"traitement d'images {term}, de la segmentation {term}, du suivi, de la " -"réalisation et de l'interprétation des mesures, des conseils et des pièges" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:34 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:37 msgid "🌐 Bioimage ANalysis Desktop (BAND)" -msgstr "🌐 Bureau d'Analyse Bioimage (BAND)" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:35 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:38 msgid "[link](https://band.embl.de)" -msgstr "[lien](https://band.embl.de)" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:36 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:39 msgid "" "Access to virtual desktops allowing access to bioimage analysis software " "from a browser" msgstr "" -"Accès à des bureaux virtuels permettant d'accéder à un logiciel d'analyse de" -" bioimages à partir d'un navigateur" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:37 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:40 msgid "🌐 Galaxy Imaging Node" -msgstr "🌐 Nœud d'imagerie Galaxy" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:38 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:41 msgid "[link](https://imaging.usegalaxy.eu/)" -msgstr "[lien](https://imaging.usegalaxy.eu/)" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:39 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:42 msgid "" -"A Galaxy node prepopulated with a number of open-source image analysis tools" -" and workflows, making it easy to create and share reproducible FAIR " -"workflows" +"A Galaxy node prepopulated with a number of open-source image analysis " +"tools and workflows, making it easy to create and share reproducible FAIR" +" workflows" msgstr "" -"Un nœud Galaxy prérempli avec un certain nombre d'outils d'analyse d'images " -"et de flux de travail open source, ce qui facilite la création et le partage" -" de flux de travail FAIR reproductibles" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:40 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:43 msgid "🌐 Image Analysis Training Resources" -msgstr "🌐 Ressources de formation à l'analyse d'images" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:41 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:44 msgid "[link](https://neubias.github.io/training-resources/index.html)" -msgstr "[lien](https://neubias.github.io/training-resources/index.html)" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:42 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:45 msgid "" -"Image analysis traning resources collected by NEUBIAS, styled based on The " -"Carpentries" +"Image analysis traning resources collected by NEUBIAS, styled based on " +"The Carpentries" msgstr "" -"Ressources de formation à l'analyse d'images collectées par NEUBIAS, " -"stylisées d'après The Carpentries" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:43 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:46 msgid "🌐 Bioimage Analysis AwesomeList" -msgstr "🌐 Analyse Bioimage AwesomeList" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:44 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:47 msgid "[link](https://github.com/hallvaaw/awesome-biological-image-analysis)" -msgstr "[lien](https://github.com/hallvaaw/awesome-biological-image-analysis)" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:45 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:48 msgid "" "A curated [AwesomeList](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome) of " "resources related to bioimage analysis" msgstr "" -"Une [AwesomeList](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome) organisée de " -"ressources liées à l'analyse de bioimages" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:46 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:49 msgid "🌐 Bioimage Analysis Notebooks" -msgstr "🌐 Cahiers d'analyse Bioimage" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:47 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:50 msgid "[link](https://haesleinhuepf.github.io/BioImageAnalysisNotebooks/)" -msgstr "[lien](https://haesleinhuepf.github.io/BioImageAnalysisNotebooks/)" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:48 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:51 msgid "" "A collection of Python Jupyter notebooks for BioImageAnalysis, GPU-" "accelerated image processing, bio-image data science and more" msgstr "" -"Une collection de blocs-notes Python Jupyter pour BioImageAnalysis, le " -"traitement d'images accéléré par GPU, la science des données bio-image et " -"plus encore" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:1 msgid "Size and Shape measurements" -msgstr "Mesures de taille et de forme" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:3 msgid "What are size measurements?" -msgstr "Quelles sont les mesures de taille?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:4 msgid "" -"Size measurements describe the dimensions of objects in your image. Common " -"size measurements include:" +"Size measurements describe the dimensions of objects in your image. " +"Common size measurements include:" msgstr "" -"Les mesures de taille décrivent les dimensions des objets dans votre image. " -"Les mesures de taille courantes incluent :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:6 msgid "" "**Area**: the 2D space an object takes up in the image or the 3D surface " "area of an object" msgstr "" -"**Zone** : l'espace 2D occupé par un objet dans l'image ou la surface 3D " -"d'un objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:7 msgid "**Volume**: the 3D space an object takes up in a 3D image" -msgstr "**Volume** : l'espace 3D occupé par un objet dans une image 3D" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:8 msgid "**Perimeter**: the distance around the edge of an object" -msgstr "**Périmètre** : la distance autour du bord d'un objet" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:10 msgid "What are shape measurements?" -msgstr "Que sont les mesures de forme ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:11 msgid "" "Shape measurements describe the 2D or 3D form of objects in our sample. " "Common shape measurements include:" msgstr "" -"Les mesures de forme décrivent la forme 2D ou 3D des objets de notre " -"échantillon. Les mesures de forme courantes incluent :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:13 msgid "" -"**Circularity**: How round vs. elongated an object is. Formally defined as " -"$circularity = 4pi*{area}/{perimeter}^2$ where 1 is a perfect circle and " -"circularity <1 is a more elongated polygon." +"**Circularity**: How round vs. elongated an object is. Formally defined " +"as $circularity = 4pi*{area}/{perimeter}^2$ where 1 is a perfect circle " +"and circularity <1 is a more elongated polygon." msgstr "" -"**Circularité** : mesure dans laquelle un objet est rond ou allongé. " -"Formellement défini comme $circularity = 4pi*{area}/{perimeter}^2$ où 1 est " -"un cercle parfait et circularity <1 est un polygone plus allongé." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:14 msgid "" -"**Solidity**: how dense vs. wispy/holey an object is. Formally defined as " -"$solidity = area/convex area$ where _convex area_ is akin to the area inside" -" a shape formed by stretching a rubber band around the object." +"**Solidity**: how dense vs. wispy/holey an object is. Formally defined as" +" $solidity = area/convex area$ where _convex area_ is akin to the area " +"inside a shape formed by stretching a rubber band around the object." msgstr "" -"**Solidité** : la densité d'un objet par rapport à sa forme " -"vaporeuse/trouée. Formellement défini comme $solidité = aire/aire convexe$ " -"où _aire convexe_ s'apparente à l'aire à l'intérieur d'une forme formée en " -"étirant un élastique autour de l'objet." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:20 msgid "" "After segmenting an image to locate the pixels belonging to different " "objects, morphology can be measured readily in many image analysis " -"softwares, like FIJI and CellProfiler. For example, in {term}`Fiji`, after " -"identifying your objects as {term}`ROIs`, be sure to **Analyze > Set " -"Measurements…** and select “Shape Descriptors” then simply measure your " -"{term}`ROIs` with **Analyze > Measure**. In CellProfiler, this is " +"softwares, like FIJI and CellProfiler. For example, in {term}`Fiji`, " +"after identifying your objects as {term}`ROIs`, be sure to **Analyze > " +"Set Measurements…** and select “Shape Descriptors” then simply measure " +"your {term}`ROIs` with **Analyze > Measure**. In CellProfiler, this is " "accomplished using the module MeasureObjectSizeShape." msgstr "" -"Après avoir segmenté une image pour localiser les pixels appartenant à " -"différents objets, la morphologie peut être mesurée facilement dans de " -"nombreux logiciels d'analyse d'images, comme FIJI et CellProfiler. Par " -"exemple, dans {term}`Fiji`, après avoir identifié vos objets comme " -"{term}`ROIs`, assurez-vous de **Analyser> Définir les mesures…** et " -"sélectionnez «Descripteurs de forme», puis mesurez simplement vos " -"{term}`ROIs` avec **Analyser> Mesure**. Dans CellProfiler, cela s'effectue à" -" l'aide du module MeasureObjectSizeShape." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:25 msgid "" "**Not understanding the limitations of your images**. All biological " -"structures are 3D, but we often analyze 2D images. Often this is still very " -"useful! But the larger and more complex your objects (e.g., neurons in a " -"tissue section), the more limited a 2D view becomes." +"structures are 3D, but we often analyze 2D images. Often this is still " +"very useful! But the larger and more complex your objects (e.g., neurons " +"in a tissue section), the more limited a 2D view becomes." msgstr "" -"**Ne pas comprendre les limites de vos images**. Toutes les structures " -"biologiques sont en 3D, mais nous analysons souvent des images en 2D. Cela " -"reste souvent très utile ! Mais plus vos objets sont grands et complexes " -"(par exemple, des neurones dans une section de tissu), plus une vue 2D " -"devient limitée." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:26 msgid "" @@ -1599,11 +1164,6 @@ msgid "" "measuring 3D images, be sure to take into account the z-step, which is " "likely larger than the xy pixel size." msgstr "" -"** À défaut d'utiliser des unités calibrées **. Assurez-vous de calibrer " -"correctement vos images et de présenter les mesures finales en microns (ou " -"unités similaires). Si vous mesurez des images 3D, assurez-vous de prendre " -"en compte le pas z, qui est probablement plus grand que la taille de pixel " -"xy." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:31 msgid "" @@ -1612,87 +1172,56 @@ msgid "" "Abnormalities](https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/3/347/htm) " "{cite}`Janssen2022-bm`" msgstr "" -"📄 [Méthodes et pipelines actuels pour la quantification basée sur l'image de" -" la forme nucléaire et des anomalies de l'enveloppe nucléaire] " -"(https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/3/347/htm) {cite}`Janssen2022-bm`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:32 msgid "" -"🌐 [Description of morphological measurements made by " -"CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" +"🌐 [Description of morphological measurements made by CellProfiler](https" +"://cellprofiler-" "manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/modules/measurement.html#id20)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Description des mesures morphologiques réalisées par " -"CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" -"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/modules/measurement.html#id20)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:33 msgid "" -"🎓 [Plain language description of various morphological measures by Michael " -"Wirth](http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/micro2/content/education/wirth10.pdf)" -msgstr "" -"🎓 [Description en langage clair de diverses mesures morphologiques par " +"🎓 [Plain language description of various morphological measures by " "Michael " "Wirth](http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/micro2/content/education/wirth10.pdf)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:1 msgid "Open source software" -msgstr "Logiciels open source" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:5 msgid "" "When it comes time to select a software program for your image analysis, " -"there are many options, some more general and others highly specialized to " -"specific image modalities or types of experiments. In general, a good place " -"to start exploring is by examining papers in your field and seeing what " -"others have used to analyze similar experiments to your own. It’s important " -"to note that there isn’t one correct answer to \"Which program should I " -"use?\" Depending on your biological question, your images, and your own " -"comfort with coding, there are many options available." -msgstr "" -"Lorsque vient le temps de sélectionner un logiciel pour votre analyse " -"d'image, il existe de nombreuses options, certaines plus générales et " -"d'autres hautement spécialisées pour des modalités d'image ou des types " -"d'expériences spécifiques. En général, un bon endroit pour commencer à " -"explorer est d'examiner des articles dans votre domaine et de voir ce que " -"d'autres ont utilisé pour analyser des expériences similaires aux vôtres. Il" -" est important de noter qu'il n'y a pas une seule réponse correcte à \"Quel " -"programme dois-je utiliser ?\" En fonction de votre question biologique, de " -"vos images et de votre propre confort avec le codage, de nombreuses options " -"sont disponibles." +"there are many options, some more general and others highly specialized " +"to specific image modalities or types of experiments. In general, a good " +"place to start exploring is by examining papers in your field and seeing " +"what others have used to analyze similar experiments to your own. It’s " +"important to note that there isn’t one correct answer to \"Which program " +"should I use?\" Depending on your biological question, your images, and " +"your own comfort with coding, there are many options available." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:7 msgid "" "Below, we summarize the use-cases and limitations of some of the most " -"common, free and open-source software for image analysis, this is a small " -"list and more extensive ones exist like the [A Hitchhiker's guide through " -"the bio-image analysis software " +"common, free and open-source software for image analysis, this is a small" +" list and more extensive ones exist like the [A Hitchhiker's guide " +"through the bio-image analysis software " "universe](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" -" {cite}`Haase2022-ad` and the [BioImage Informatics Index](https://biii.eu) " -"{cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`." +" {cite}`Haase2022-ad` and the [BioImage Informatics " +"Index](https://biii.eu) {cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`." msgstr "" -"Ci-dessous, nous résumons les cas d'utilisation et les limites de certains " -"des logiciels les plus courants, gratuits et open-source pour l'analyse " -"d'images, il s'agit d'une petite liste et des plus complètes existent comme " -"le [A Hitchhiker's guide through the bio-image analysis software universel] " -"(https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451) " -"{cite}`Haase2022-ad` et [l'index informatique BioImage](https://biii.eu) " -"{cite}`Paul -Gilloteaux2021-vw`." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:9 msgid "" -"Whatever software you choose, be sure to include a detailed description of " -"your analysis in your methods, with pipeline or workflow files if possible, " -"so others can reproduce your work. Also be sure to cite the analysis " -"software you use! This helps developers of the software get grant funding " -"and helps others find useful tools." +"Whatever software you choose, be sure to include a detailed description " +"of your analysis in your methods, with pipeline or workflow files if " +"possible, so others can reproduce your work. Also be sure to cite the " +"analysis software you use! This helps developers of the software get " +"grant funding and helps others find useful tools." msgstr "" -"Quel que soit le logiciel que vous choisissez, assurez-vous d'inclure une " -"description détaillée de votre analyse dans vos méthodes, avec des fichiers " -"de pipeline ou de flux de travail si possible, afin que d'autres puissent " -"reproduire votre travail. Veillez également à citer le logiciel d'analyse " -"que vous utilisez ! Cela aide les développeurs du logiciel à obtenir des " -"subventions et aide les autres à trouver des outils utiles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:17 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:26 @@ -1704,149 +1233,110 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:80 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:89 msgid "card-img-top" -msgstr "carte-img-top" +msgstr "" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md msgid "ImageJ" -msgstr "ImageJ" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:21 msgid "" "[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) is an imaging processing program that is " -"capable of operating on a variety of images including multichannel, 3D and " -"time series. It provides basic imaging processing operations and has a " -"variety of plugins for more complex tasks. [Read more...](content/imagej)" +"capable of operating on a variety of images including multichannel, 3D " +"and time series. It provides basic imaging processing operations and has " +"a variety of plugins for more complex tasks. [Read " +"more...](content/imagej)" msgstr "" -"[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) est un programme de traitement d'images " -"capable de fonctionner sur une variété d'images, y compris multicanaux, 3D " -"et séries chronologiques. Il fournit des opérations de traitement d'image de" -" base et dispose d'une variété de plug-ins pour des tâches plus complexes. " -"[Lire la suite...](contenu/imagej)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md msgid "CellProfiler" -msgstr "Cell Profiler" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:30 msgid "" -"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) was designed with the idea of an " -"image analysis pipeline in mind; it allows you to take a series of " -"interoperable modules to design your own custom analysis pipeline that can " -"be applied to one or thousands of images, making it suitable for high " -"throughput image analysis. [Read more...](content/cellprofiler)" +"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) was designed with the idea of " +"an image analysis pipeline in mind; it allows you to take a series of " +"interoperable modules to design your own custom analysis pipeline that " +"can be applied to one or thousands of images, making it suitable for high" +" throughput image analysis. [Read more...](content/cellprofiler)" msgstr "" -"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) a été conçu avec l'idée d'un " -"pipeline d'analyse d'images à l'esprit ; il vous permet de prendre une série" -" de modules interopérables pour concevoir votre propre pipeline d'analyse " -"personnalisé qui peut être appliqué à une ou des milliers d'images, ce qui " -"le rend adapté à l'analyse d'images à haut débit. [Lire la " -"suite...](content/cellprofiler)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md msgid "QuPath" -msgstr "QuPath" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:39 msgid "" "[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) offers a wide set of image analysis " -"tools that can be applied to whole slide images like pathology images, but " -"it can be used with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel " +"tools that can be applied to whole slide images like pathology images, " +"but it can be used with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel " "classification tools and can integrate with ImageJ. [Read " "more...](content/qupath)" msgstr "" -"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) offre un large éventail d'outils " -"d'analyse d'images qui peuvent être appliqués à des images de diapositives " -"entières comme des images de pathologie, mais il peut également être utilisé" -" avec d'autres images. QuPath contient également des outils de " -"classification de pixels et peut s'intégrer à ImageJ. [Lire la " -"suite...](contenu/qupath)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md msgid "Icy" -msgstr "Glacé" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:48 msgid "" -"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) is an out of the box image analysis" -" tools, it utilizes plugins to create visual image analysis protocols that " -"can be shared with other users. [Read more...](content/icy)" +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) is an out of the box image " +"analysis tools, it utilizes plugins to create visual image analysis " +"protocols that can be shared with other users. [Read " +"more...](content/icy)" msgstr "" -"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) est un outil d'analyse d'images " -"prêt à l'emploi, il utilise des plugins pour créer des protocoles d'analyse " -"d'images visuelles qui peuvent être partagés avec d'autres utilisateurs. " -"[Lire la suite...](contenu/glacé)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md msgid "MIB" -msgstr "MIB" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:57 msgid "" "[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) is a user-friendly software for " "image analysis of multidimensional datasets for both light and electron " -"microscopy. It allows you to use the whole acquired data for its analysis " -"and extraction of morphological features. [Read more...](content/mib)" +"microscopy. It allows you to use the whole acquired data for its analysis" +" and extraction of morphological features. [Read more...](content/mib)" msgstr "" -"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) est un logiciel convivial pour " -"l'analyse d'images d'ensembles de données multidimensionnelles pour la " -"microscopie optique et électronique. Il vous permet d'utiliser l'ensemble " -"des données acquises pour son analyse et l'extraction de caractéristiques " -"morphologiques. [Lire la suite...](contenu/mib)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md msgid "napari" -msgstr "napari" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:66 msgid "" "[napari](https://napari.org/) is being developed as a multi-dimensional " -"image viewer that can be expanded via a variety of plugins to perform basic " -"and complex image analysis tasks. [Read more...](content/napari)" +"image viewer that can be expanded via a variety of plugins to perform " +"basic and complex image analysis tasks. [Read more...](content/napari)" msgstr "" -"[napari](https://napari.org/) est en cours de développement en tant que " -"visualiseur d'images multidimensionnel qui peut être étendu via une variété " -"de plug-ins pour effectuer des tâches d'analyse d'images de base et " -"complexes. [Lire la suite...](contenu/napari)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md msgid "Cellpose" -msgstr "pose de cellule" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:75 msgid "" -"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) is a {term}`segmentation` algorithm, " -"it provides a graphical user interface that allows users to use trained " -"models or train their own using their images and annotations. [Read " -"more...](content/cellpose)" +"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) is a {term}`segmentation` " +"algorithm, it provides a graphical user interface that allows users to " +"use trained models or train their own using their images and annotations." +" [Read more...](content/cellpose)" msgstr "" -"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) est un algorithme de \"segmentation\" " -"{term}, il fournit une interface utilisateur graphique qui permet aux " -"utilisateurs d'utiliser des modèles formés ou de former les leurs en " -"utilisant leurs images et leurs annotations. [Lire la " -"suite...](content/cellpose)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md msgid "ilastik" -msgstr "ilastik" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:84 msgid "" "[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) is a tool for interactive image " "classification, {term}`segmentation` and analysis. It leverages machine-" -"learning algorithms to perform pixel and object-level classification. Using " -"it requires no experience in {term}`image processing`. [Read " +"learning algorithms to perform pixel and object-level classification. " +"Using it requires no experience in {term}`image processing`. [Read " "more...](content/ilastik)" msgstr "" -"[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) est un outil interactif de " -"classification, de segmentation et d'analyse d'images. Il exploite des " -"algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique pour effectuer une classification au" -" niveau des pixels et des objets. Son utilisation ne nécessite aucune " -"expérience en {term}`traitement d'image`. [Lire la " -"suite...](contenu/ilastik)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md msgid "Piximi" -msgstr "Piximi" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:93 msgid "" @@ -1854,86 +1344,64 @@ msgid "" "classification that runs entirely from your browser and requires no " "installation and minimal setup. [Read more...](content/piximi)" msgstr "" -"[Piximi](https://www.piximi.app/) est une application d'annotation et de " -"classification qui s'exécute entièrement depuis votre navigateur et ne " -"nécessite aucune installation ni configuration minimale. [Lire la " -"suite...](content/piximi)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:1 msgid "Specific Use Software" -msgstr "Logiciel à usage spécifique" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:3 msgid "" -"Tools on this page tend to be extremely good at certain tasks, but are less " -"intended for a wide range of use cases. For tools with broader areas of " -"focus, see the [General Use Software](./GeneralUseSoftware.md) page." +"Tools on this page tend to be extremely good at certain tasks, but are " +"less intended for a wide range of use cases. For tools with broader areas" +" of focus, see the [General Use Software](./GeneralUseSoftware.md) page." msgstr "" -"Les outils de cette page ont tendance à être extrêmement bons pour certaines" -" tâches, mais sont moins destinés à un large éventail de cas d'utilisation. " -"Pour les outils avec des domaines d'intérêt plus larges, consultez la page " -"[Logiciels à usage général](./GeneralUseSoftware.md)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:6 msgid "" -"\"logo\" Cellpose" -msgstr "" -" Pose de cellule" +"alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> Cellpose" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:8 msgid "" "[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) {cite}`Stringer2021-uq` is a " -"{term}`segmentation` algorithm, it provides a graphical user interface that " -"allows users to use trained models or train their own using their images and" -" annotations." +"{term}`segmentation` algorithm, it provides a graphical user interface " +"that allows users to use trained models or train their own using their " +"images and annotations." msgstr "" -"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) {cite}`Stringer2021-uq` est un " -"algorithme de segmentation {term}, il fournit une interface utilisateur " -"graphique qui permet aux utilisateurs d'utiliser des modèles formés ou de " -"former les leurs en utilisant leur images et annotations." -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md msgid "What type of image analysis problem is it best at?" -msgstr "À quel type de problème d'analyse d'image convient-il le mieux ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:13 msgid "" "Object {term}`segmentation`, most trained models are for cell " -"{term}`segmentation` but could be applied to segment other similar objects" +"{term}`segmentation` but could be applied to segment other similar " +"objects" msgstr "" -"Objet {term}`segmentation`, la plupart des modèles formés sont pour la " -"cellule {term}`segmentation` mais pourraient être appliqués pour segmenter " -"d'autres objets similaires" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:20 msgid "Its use requires some computational knowledge." -msgstr "Son utilisation nécessite des connaissances informatiques." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:21 msgid "" -"Training a new model requires manual annotation correction that can be time " -"consuming, but is likely less time consuming than other methods of training " -"models." +"Training a new model requires manual annotation correction that can be " +"time consuming, but is likely less time consuming than other methods of " +"training models." msgstr "" -"La formation d'un nouveau modèle nécessite une correction manuelle des " -"annotations qui peut prendre du temps, mais qui prend probablement moins de " -"temps que d'autres méthodes de formation de modèles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:28 msgid "" "🌐 [Installation " "instructions](https://cellpose.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Instructions d'installation] " -"(https://cellpose.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:29 msgid "🎥 [How to use tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qANHWoubZU)" msgstr "" -"🎥 [Tutoriel d'utilisation] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qANHWoubZU)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:33 msgid "" @@ -1941,22 +1409,15 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/original/3X/9/f/9f5be5e138c63bc6a50be0bb0027b8eef0194935.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> ilastik" msgstr "" -" \"logo\" ilastik" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:35 msgid "" "[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) {cite}`Berg2019-no` is a tool for " "interactive image classification, {term}`segmentation` and analysis. It " "leverages machine-learning algorithms to perform pixel and object-level " -"classification. Using it requires no experience in {term}`image processing`." +"classification. Using it requires no experience in {term}`image " +"processing`." msgstr "" -"[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) {cite}`Berg2019-no` est un outil de " -"classification interactive d'images, {term}`segmentation` et d'analyse. Il " -"exploite des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique pour effectuer une " -"classification au niveau des pixels et des objets. Son utilisation ne " -"nécessite aucune expérience en {term}`traitement d'image`." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:40 msgid "" @@ -1965,44 +1426,32 @@ msgid "" "tracking, though with somewhat fewer tunable parameters than some other " "tools offer." msgstr "" -"Il peut être utilisé à la fois pour l'instance {term}`segmentation` et pour " -"la sémantique {term}`segmentation`. Il effectue également une " -"\"segmentation\" et un suivi, mais avec un peu moins de paramètres réglables" -" que certains autres outils." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:47 msgid "" -"Sometimes loading or exporting images can require a bit of troubleshooting " -"to get the dimensions correct." +"Sometimes loading or exporting images can require a bit of " +"troubleshooting to get the dimensions correct." msgstr "" -"Parfois, le chargement ou l'exportation d'images peut nécessiter un peu de " -"dépannage pour obtenir les dimensions correctes." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:48 msgid "" -"ilastik is limited by your computer’s RAM so training a model with lots of " -"features or working with very large images is likely to slow you down." +"ilastik is limited by your computer’s RAM so training a model with lots " +"of features or working with very large images is likely to slow you down." msgstr "" -"ilastik est limité par la RAM de votre ordinateur, donc l'entraînement d'un " -"modèle avec de nombreuses fonctionnalités ou le travail avec de très grandes" -" images risque de vous ralentir." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:53 msgid "To download ilastik:" -msgstr "Pour télécharger ilastik :" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:57 msgid "🌐 [ilastik download ](https://www.ilastik.org/download.html)" -msgstr "🌐 [téléchargement ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/download.html)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:63 msgid "" "🌐 [User guide](https://www.ilastik.org/documentation/index.html#user-" "documentation)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Guide " -"d'utilisation](https://www.ilastik.org/documentation/index.html#user-" -"documentation)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:67 msgid "" @@ -2010,9 +1459,6 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/original/3X/3/f/3fe4d974194caabdb61a5574e24402db8484ab9b.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> Piximi" msgstr "" -" \"logo\" Piximi" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:70 msgid "" @@ -2020,192 +1466,146 @@ msgid "" "classification that runs entirely from your browser and requires no " "installation and minimal setup." msgstr "" -"[Piximi](https://www.piximi.app/) est une application d'annotation et de " -"classification qui s'exécute entièrement depuis votre navigateur et ne " -"nécessite aucune installation ni configuration minimale." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:75 msgid "Piximi can do image classification using machine learning" msgstr "" -"Piximi peut effectuer une classification d'images à l'aide de " -"l'apprentissage automatique" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:82 msgid "" -"It is still in the developing phases and some of its proposed features are " -"not available yet" +"It is still in the developing phases and some of its proposed features " +"are not available yet" msgstr "" -"Il est encore en phase de développement et certaines de ses fonctionnalités " -"proposées ne sont pas encore disponibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:89 msgid "🌐 [Piximi website ](https://www.piximi.app/)" -msgstr "🌐 [Site Piximi ](https://www.piximi.app/)" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:90 msgid "🌐 [Piximi user guide ](https://documentation.piximi.app/intro.html)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Guide d'utilisation Piximi](https://documentation.piximi.app/intro.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:1 msgid "Object tracking" -msgstr "Suivi d'objet" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:3 msgid "What is tracking?" -msgstr "Qu'est-ce que le suivi ?" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:4 msgid "" "Tracking, or _object tracking_, refers to the ability to estimate the " "location of objects in motion from one frame of video to the next. " -"Practically, object tracking in microscopy involves identifying your objects" -" in each frame of your video, then relating objects from frame to frame to " -"be able to identify the same cell as it moves in space." +"Practically, object tracking in microscopy involves identifying your " +"objects in each frame of your video, then relating objects from frame to " +"frame to be able to identify the same cell as it moves in space." msgstr "" -"Le suivi, ou _suivi d'objets_, fait référence à la capacité d'estimer " -"l'emplacement d'objets en mouvement d'une image vidéo à la suivante. " -"Pratiquement, le suivi d'objets en microscopie consiste à identifier vos " -"objets dans chaque image de votre vidéo, puis à relier les objets d'une " -"image à l'autre pour pouvoir identifier la même cellule lorsqu'elle se " -"déplace dans l'espace." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:10 msgid "" "There are several options for tracking objects, like the " -"[TrackMate](https://imagej.net/plugins/trackmate/) {cite}`Tinevez2017-fb` " -"plugin in Fiji, but tracking is somewhat more complex to setup than the " -"previous analyses. In addition to just identifying objects in the movie/time" -" series, tracking also allows you to identify splitting (e.g. mitosis) and " -"merging events. There are many measurements that come out of tracking, " -"including spatial measures like where the objects move to, speed " -"measurements, distance traveled (length of track), and rate of splitting " -"events (e.g., mitotic events) and merging events." -msgstr "" -"Il existe plusieurs options pour le suivi des objets, comme le plug-in " -"[TrackMate](https://imagej.net/plugins/trackmate/) {cite}`Tinevez2017-fb` " -"aux Fidji, mais le suivi est un peu plus complexe à configurer que les " -"analyses précédentes. En plus d'identifier simplement les objets dans le " -"film/la série chronologique, le suivi vous permet également d'identifier les" -" événements de fractionnement (par exemple, la mitose) et de fusion. De " -"nombreuses mesures découlent du suivi, y compris des mesures spatiales " -"telles que l'endroit où les objets se déplacent, les mesures de vitesse, la " -"distance parcourue (longueur de la piste) et le taux d'événements de " -"fractionnement (par exemple, les événements mitotiques) et les événements de" -" fusion." +"[TrackMate](https://imagej.net/plugins/trackmate/) {cite}`Tinevez2017-fb`" +" plugin in Fiji, but tracking is somewhat more complex to setup than the " +"previous analyses. In addition to just identifying objects in the " +"movie/time series, tracking also allows you to identify splitting (e.g. " +"mitosis) and merging events. There are many measurements that come out of" +" tracking, including spatial measures like where the objects move to, " +"speed measurements, distance traveled (length of track), and rate of " +"splitting events (e.g., mitotic events) and merging events." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:15 msgid "" "**Poor {term}`segmentation`** If objects are dropping out from frame to " "frame, this makes it more difficult to track them over time. Accurate " -"{term}`segmentation` is the foundation of good tracking results. This can " -"become more difficult if your objects are also changing in shape or " -"intensity (due to things such as bleaching) over the course of the video. " -"It’s important to find a {term}`segmentation` strategy that can work well " -"across your frames." -msgstr "" -"**Mauvaise {term}`segmentation`** Si les objets tombent d'une image à " -"l'autre, cela rend plus difficile leur suivi dans le temps. Une " -"\"segmentation\" précise {term} est la base de bons résultats de suivi. Cela" -" peut devenir plus difficile si vos objets changent également de forme ou " -"d'intensité (en raison de facteurs tels que le blanchiment) au cours de la " -"vidéo. Il est important de trouver une stratégie de \"segmentation\" {term} " -"qui peut bien fonctionner sur toutes vos images." +"{term}`segmentation` is the foundation of good tracking results. This can" +" become more difficult if your objects are also changing in shape or " +"intensity (due to things such as bleaching) over the course of the video." +" It’s important to find a {term}`segmentation` strategy that can work " +"well across your frames." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:16 msgid "" -"**Inadequate frame rate** If objects are highly dynamic but the images were " -"not taken at a high frequency, tracking can be difficult because objects " -"might have moved too much for the algorithm to relate them from one frame to" -" the next. It is important to match the image acquisition frequency to how " -"dynamic your cells or objects are." +"**Inadequate frame rate** If objects are highly dynamic but the images " +"were not taken at a high frequency, tracking can be difficult because " +"objects might have moved too much for the algorithm to relate them from " +"one frame to the next. It is important to match the image acquisition " +"frequency to how dynamic your cells or objects are." msgstr "" -"** Fréquence d'images inadéquate ** Si les objets sont très dynamiques mais " -"que les images n'ont pas été prises à une fréquence élevée, le suivi peut " -"être difficile car les objets peuvent avoir trop bougé pour que l'algorithme" -" puisse les relier d'une image à l'autre. Il est important de faire " -"correspondre la fréquence d'acquisition des images à la dynamique de vos " -"cellules ou objets." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:22 msgid "" "📄 [Computerized Cell " "Tracking](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468502X20300711)" msgstr "" -"📄 [Suivi informatisé des " -"cellules](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468502X20300711)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:23 msgid "" -"🌐 [TrackMate Manual](https://imagej.net/media/plugins/trackmate/trackmate-" -"manual.pdf)" +"🌐 [TrackMate Manual](https://imagej.net/media/plugins/trackmate" +"/trackmate-manual.pdf)" msgstr "" -"🌐 [Manuel TrackMate](https://imagej.net/media/plugins/trackmate/trackmate-" -"manual.pdf)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:1 msgid "Common pitfalls" -msgstr "Pièges courants" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:3 msgid "" -"In addition to the mistakes we summarize for common image analysis tasks, " -"here we present a general list of common mistakes for beginners to image " -"analysis. For each, we explain why this is a problem and make suggestions " -"for how to avoid these issues." +"In addition to the mistakes we summarize for common image analysis tasks," +" here we present a general list of common mistakes for beginners to image" +" analysis. For each, we explain why this is a problem and make " +"suggestions for how to avoid these issues." msgstr "" -"En plus des erreurs que nous résumons pour les tâches courantes d'analyse " -"d'images, nous présentons ici une liste générale des erreurs courantes pour " -"les débutants en analyse d'images. Pour chacun, nous expliquons pourquoi il " -"s'agit d'un problème et faisons des suggestions pour éviter ces problèmes." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:5 msgid "Changing your image bit depth" -msgstr "Modification de la profondeur de bit de votre image" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:7 msgid "" -"Let's say you've opened your image in {term}`Fiji` and you want to process " -"it in some way (e.g., maximum intensity projection, splitting channels, " -"etc.) before saving it out to measure somewhere else. You go to `Image` > " -"`Type` > `RGB (Color)` since you want a color image to import into your next" -" analysis software and then save the resulting image. What's the problem " -"with this? By making this change, even if the image looks exactly the same " -"to your eyes, you've actually inadvertently changed the intensity values " -"quite a bit! Let's take a look at an example. In Fiji there are several " -"built-in example images. Let's open neuron.tif (you can follow along by " -"going to `File` > `Open Samples...` > `Neuron (5 channels)`." -msgstr "" -"Supposons que vous avez ouvert votre image dans {term}`Fiji` et que vous " -"souhaitez la traiter d'une manière ou d'une autre (par exemple, projection " -"d'intensité maximale, séparation des canaux, etc.) avant de l'enregistrer " -"pour la mesurer ailleurs. Vous allez dans `Image` > `Type` > `RGB (Couleur)`" -" car vous souhaitez importer une image couleur dans votre prochain logiciel " -"d'analyse, puis enregistrez l'image résultante. Quel est le problème avec ça" -" ? En effectuant ce changement, même si l'image est exactement la même à vos" -" yeux, vous avez en fait modifié un peu les valeurs d'intensité par " -"inadvertance ! Prenons un exemple. Aux Fidji, il existe plusieurs exemples " -"d'images intégrés. Ouvrons neuron.tif (vous pouvez suivre en allant dans " -"`File` > `Open Samples...` > `Neuron (5 channels)`." +"Let's say you've opened your image in {term}`Fiji` and you want to " +"process it in some way (e.g., maximum intensity projection, splitting " +"channels, etc.) before saving it out to measure somewhere else. You go to" +" `Image` > `Type` > `RGB (Color)` since you want a color image to import " +"into your next analysis software and then save the resulting image. " +"What's the problem with this? By making this change, even if the image " +"looks exactly the same to your eyes, you've actually inadvertently " +"changed the intensity values quite a bit! Let's take a look at an " +"example. In Fiji there are several built-in example images. Let's open " +"neuron.tif (you can follow along by going to `File` > `Open Samples...` >" +" `Neuron (5 channels)`." +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:9 msgid "" -"Here's how the image opens. There are 5 channels, but let's just look at the" -" first one: ![image](https://user-" +"Here's how the image opens. There are 5 channels, but let's just look at " +"the first one: ![image](https://user-" "images.githubusercontent.com/28116530/206793825-364998d4-6043-4b1d-8438-0a5b37b97232.png)" msgstr "" -"Voici comment l'image s'ouvre. Il y a 5 chaînes, mais regardons juste la " -"première : ![image](https://user-" -"images.githubusercontent.com/28116530/206793825-364998d4-6043-4b1d-8438-0a5b37b97232.png)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:9 msgid "image" -msgstr "image" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_processing.md:1 msgid "Image Processing" -msgstr "Traitement d'image" +msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_segmentation.md:1 msgid "Image Segmentation" -msgstr "Segmentation des images" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "As an example, it is possible for" +#~ " two people to work in the same" +#~ " building an never interact." +#~ msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "🌐 [CellProfiler user manual](https" +#~ "://cellprofiler-" +#~ "manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/index.html)" +#~ msgstr "" + From fe3e21d582dca83275691c5c35a628778626b475 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 15:25:28 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 75/76] Translate _build/gettext/contributors.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '_build/gettext/contributors.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po | 169 ++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 81 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po index 2c2e17e6c..bbe55aa99 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/contributors.po @@ -1,54 +1,72 @@ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. -# Copyright (C) 2023 +# Copyright (C) 2024 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. -# FIRST AUTHOR , 2023. -# +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Youssef Chebli, 2023 +# Beth Cimini, 2024 +# #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 15:22+0000\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.14.0\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../contributors.md:1 msgid "Contributing to this guide" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Contribuer à ce guide" #: ../../contributors.md:3 msgid "Contributors" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Collaborateurs" #: ../../contributors.md:5 msgid "" -"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper " -"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative " -"bioimaging " +"The original material for this book was created as part of the paper \"[**_A" +" biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging " "experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" " "{cite}`Senft2023-zy`. by Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina " "Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig " -"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew" -" Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth" -" A. Cimini." -msgstr "" +"Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew " +"Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and Beth A. " +"Cimini." +msgstr "" +"Le matériel original de ce livre a été créé dans le cadre de l'article " +"\"[**_A biologist’s guide to planning and performing quantitative bioimaging" +" experiments_**](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002167)\" {cite}` " +"Senft2023-zy`. par Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*, Pina Colarusso, " +"Lucy Swift, Nasim Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, Craig Brideau, Paula " +"Montero Llopis, Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin Andrew Gonzales, Peter " +"Bankhead, Edward L Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri et Beth A. Cimini." #: ../../contributors.md:7 msgid "" "This project was initiated by the [Center for Open Bioimage " -"Analysis](https://openbioimageanalysis.org/) .We are grateful to " -"[Bioimaging North America](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/) " -"(especially its [Image " -"Informatics](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/image-informatics-" -"wg/) and [Training and Education](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org" -"/te-wg/) Working Groups) for both initial and ongoing support of this " -"project." -msgstr "" +"Analysis](https://openbioimageanalysis.org/) .We are grateful to [Bioimaging" +" North America](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/) (especially its " +"[Image Informatics](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/image-" +"informatics-wg/) and [Training and " +"Education](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/te-wg/) Working Groups) " +"for both initial and ongoing support of this project." +msgstr "" +"Ce projet a été initié par le [Center for Open Bioimage " +"Analysis](https://openbioimageanalysis.org/) .Nous sommes reconnaissants à " +"[Bioimaging North America](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/) (en " +"particulier son [Image " +"Informatique](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/image-informatics-wg/) " +"et [Formation et éducation](https://www.bioimagingnorthamerica.org/te-wg/) " +"groupes de travail) pour les groupes de travail initiaux et continus soutien" +" à ce projet." #: ../../contributors.md:9 msgid "" @@ -56,28 +74,32 @@ msgid "" "contributions from the following members of the microscopy and bioimage " "analysis community!" msgstr "" +"Nous remercions chaleureusement les contributions des membres de la " +"communauté de microscopie et d'analyse de bioimages suivants!" #: ../../contributors.md:10 msgid "William Giang" -msgstr "" +msgstr "William Giang" #: ../../contributors.md:11 msgid "Robert Haase" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Robert Haase" #: ../../contributors.md:13 msgid "" "Improvements to the build and maintenance system for this book have come " "from" msgstr "" +"Les améliorations apportées au système de construction et de maintenance de " +"ce livre proviennent de" #: ../../contributors.md:14 msgid "Pete Bankhead" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pete Bankhead" #: ../../contributors.md:16 msgid "How can I become a contributor?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comment devenir collaborateur?" #: ../../contributors.md:18 msgid "" @@ -86,18 +108,27 @@ msgid "" " or pull request to contribute! We hope for this to be a living document " "reflecting the best practices and resources available." msgstr "" +"N'hésitez pas à ouvrir un " +"[issue](https://github.com/broadinstitute/MicroscopyForBeginnersReferenceGuide/issues)" +" ou une pull request pour contribuer ! Nous espérons qu'il s'agira d'un " +"document évolutif reflétant les meilleures pratiques et ressources " +"disponibles." #: ../../contributors.md:20 msgid "" "We currently also offer a [Google " "Form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" -" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly " -"than direct contributions to the GitHub repository." +" for contributions, though note these may be responded to more slowly than " +"direct contributions to the GitHub repository." msgstr "" +"Nous vous proposons également un [formulaire " +"Google](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScWQbemviI2OkvVkeTKUOozAzKNndcZpXIB_nE0qFMl72lqvQ/viewform)" +" pour y ajouter vos contributions. Notez que celles-ci peuvent être traitées" +" plus lentement que les contributions directes au référentiel GitHub." #: ../../contributors.md:23 msgid "Translation" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Traduction" #: ../../contributors.md:25 msgid "" @@ -106,74 +137,36 @@ msgid "" "[Portuguese](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org), and " "[Spanish](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." msgstr "" +"Ce guide est disponible en [anglais](https://www.bioimagingguide.org) ainsi " +"qu'en [tchèque](https://cs.bioimagingguide.org), " +"[portugais](https://pt.bioimagingguide.org ), et " +"[espagnol](https://es.bioimagingguide.org)." #: ../../contributors.md:27 msgid "" -"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - " -"translation is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, " -"Japanese, Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these " -"languages, or another language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT" -" broadinstitute DOT org." +"Work is underway to translate this guide into other languages - translation " +"is planned or has begun in French, German, Finnish, Italian, Japanese, " +"Polish, and Farsi. To help translate into one of these languages, or another" +" language not listed here, please contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." msgstr "" +"Des travaux sont en cours pour traduire ce guide dans d'autres langues : une" +" traduction est prévue ou a commencé en français, allemand, finnois, " +"italien, japonais, polonais et farsi. Pour aider à traduire dans l'une de " +"ces langues, ou dans une autre langue non répertoriée ici, veuillez " +"contacter bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." #: ../../contributors.md:29 msgid "Translations are gratefully acknowledged from:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Nous remercions chaleureusement les traducteurs :" #: ../../contributors.md:31 msgid "Czech : Martin Schätz" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Tchèque : Martin Schätz" #: ../../contributors.md:32 msgid "Portuguese: Mario Costa Cruz" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Portugais : Mario Costa Cruz" #: ../../contributors.md:33 msgid "Spanish: Mariana De Niz" -msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The original material for this book " -#~ "was created as part of the paper" -#~ " [A biologist’s guide to the field" -#~ " of quantitative " -#~ "bioimaging](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7439283) by " -#~ "Rebecca A. Senft*, Barbara Diaz-Rohrer*," -#~ " Pina Colarusso, Lucy Swift, Nasim " -#~ "Jamali, Helena Jambor, Thomas Pengo, " -#~ "Craig Brideau, Paula Montero Llopis, " -#~ "Virginie Uhlmann, Jason Kirk, Kevin " -#~ "Andrew Gonzales, Peter Bankhead, Edward " -#~ "L. Evans III, Kevin W Eliceiri and" -#~ " Beth A. Cimini." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Work is underway to translate this " -#~ "guide into other languages - translation" -#~ " is planned or has begun in " -#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, Czech, and " -#~ "Polish. To help translate into one " -#~ "of these languages, or another language" -#~ " not listed here, please contact " -#~ "bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT org." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "This guide is available in " -#~ "[English](www.bioimagingguide.org) as well as " -#~ "Czech(cz.bioimagingguide.org)." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Work is underway to translate this " -#~ "guide into other languages - translation" -#~ " is planned or has begun in " -#~ "French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Finnish," -#~ " and Polish. To help translate into" -#~ " one of these languages, or another" -#~ " language not listed here, please " -#~ "contact bcimini AT broadinstitute DOT " -#~ "org." -#~ msgstr "" - +msgstr "Espagnol : Mariana De Niz" From b33fa13953fd2e4b6bc62baf8f1a4e8b2d811587 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "transifex-integration[bot]" <43880903+transifex-integration[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2024 15:25:46 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 76/76] Translate 03_Image_analysis.pot in fr 100% translated source file: '03_Image_analysis.pot' on 'fr'. --- locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po | 1746 +++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 1181 insertions(+), 565 deletions(-) diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po index fa5f46192..af1e8af0d 100644 --- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po +++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/03_Image_analysis.po @@ -1,122 +1,195 @@ - -msgid "" -msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Python \n" +# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. +# Copyright (C) 2024 +# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. +# FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. +# +# Translators: +# Beth Cimini, 2024 +# +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Python\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-29 15:22+0000\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" -"Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" -"Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-02 18:49+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Beth Cimini, 2024\n" +"Language-Team: French (https://app.transifex.com/center-for-open-bioimage-analysis/teams/169123/fr/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Generated-By: Babel 2.14.0\n" +"Language: fr\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n == 0 || n == 1) ? 0 : n != 0 && n % 1000000 == 0 ? 1 : 2;\n" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:1 msgid "Object classification" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Classement des objets" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:3 msgid "What is classification?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que le classement ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:4 msgid "" "Simply put, phenotypic classification is about categorizing objects into " "different groups based on their features (aka measurements)." msgstr "" +"En termes simples, la classification phénotypique consiste à classer les " +"objets en différents groupes en fonction de leurs caractéristiques (ou " +"mesures)." -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:0 ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:0 msgid "📏 How do I measure it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📏 Comment le mesurer ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:10 msgid "" -"Phenotypic classification can be performed a few different ways. One way " -"to break this down is by unsupervised vs. supervised classification." +"Phenotypic classification can be performed a few different ways. One way to " +"break this down is by unsupervised vs. supervised classification." msgstr "" +"La classification phénotypique peut être effectuée de différentes manières. " +"Une façon de décomposer cela consiste à utiliser une classification non " +"supervisée ou supervisée." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:12 msgid "" -"In **supervised classification**, a human also provides information on " -"what the different groups of objects should look like by providing " -"representative examples of each group in a training dataset. The computer" -" then learns how to assign objects to groups based on their measurements " -"by testing models against the ground truth training dataset." +"In **supervised classification**, a human also provides information on what " +"the different groups of objects should look like by providing representative" +" examples of each group in a training dataset. The computer then learns how " +"to assign objects to groups based on their measurements by testing models " +"against the ground truth training dataset." msgstr "" +"Dans la **classification supervisée**, un humain fournit également des " +"informations sur ce à quoi les différents groupes d'objets devraient " +"ressembler en fournissant des exemples représentatifs de chaque groupe dans " +"un ensemble de données d'entraînement. L'ordinateur apprend ensuite à " +"affecter des objets à des groupes en fonction de leurs mesures en testant " +"des modèles par rapport à l'ensemble de données de formation de vérité " +"terrain." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:14 msgid "" -"For example, you could classify cells based on a visual phenotype and " -"train a machine learning classifier to derive which measurement ranges " -"are associated with different classes. This is supervised classification " -"because a person is providing instruction of how many classes there " -"should be and examples of what each class should look like for the " -"computer to learn from. An example of this could be annotating a subset " -"of cells that are in different stages of mitosis and training a " -"classifier to use your labels to find other cells in those stages." -msgstr "" +"For example, you could classify cells based on a visual phenotype and train " +"a machine learning classifier to derive which measurement ranges are " +"associated with different classes. This is supervised classification because" +" a person is providing instruction of how many classes there should be and " +"examples of what each class should look like for the computer to learn from." +" An example of this could be annotating a subset of cells that are in " +"different stages of mitosis and training a classifier to use your labels to " +"find other cells in those stages." +msgstr "" +"Par exemple, vous pouvez classer les cellules en fonction d'un phénotype " +"visuel et former un classificateur d'apprentissage automatique pour " +"déterminer les plages de mesure associées aux différentes classes. Il s'agit" +" d'une classification supervisée, car une personne fournit des instructions " +"sur le nombre de classes qu'il devrait y avoir et des exemples de ce à quoi " +"chaque classe devrait ressembler pour que l'ordinateur puisse apprendre. Un " +"exemple de ceci pourrait être l'annotation d'un sous-ensemble de cellules " +"qui sont à différents stades de la mitose et la formation d'un " +"classificateur à utiliser vos étiquettes pour trouver d'autres cellules à " +"ces stades." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:16 msgid "" "In **unsupervised classification**, you group objects based on their " -"measurements, but without any top-down human-defined guidance into how " -"many groups there are or what the groups should look like." +"measurements, but without any top-down human-defined guidance into how many " +"groups there are or what the groups should look like." msgstr "" +"Dans la **classification non supervisée**, vous regroupez des objets en " +"fonction de leurs mesures, mais sans aucune indication humaine descendante " +"sur le nombre de groupes ou à quoi les groupes devraient ressembler." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:18 msgid "" -"For example, you could measure hundreds or thousands of features of cells" -" from many treatments, as is typical in large-scale cell profiling " +"For example, you could measure hundreds or thousands of features of cells " +"from many treatments, as is typical in large-scale cell profiling " "experiments. Next you could let the computer cluster the cells into some " -"number of different groups based on having similar measurements. This is " -"a form of unsupervised clustering, where you observe what groups emerge " -"from a computer considering their measurements only, and not class labels" -" we impose as researchers. These sorts of clustering experiments can " -"provide novel results but may also be harder to interpret; see this " +"number of different groups based on having similar measurements. This is a " +"form of unsupervised clustering, where you observe what groups emerge from a" +" computer considering their measurements only, and not class labels we " +"impose as researchers. These sorts of clustering experiments can provide " +"novel results but may also be harder to interpret; see this " "protocol{cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023` for more information." msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md +"Par exemple, vous pouvez mesurer des centaines ou des milliers de " +"caractéristiques de cellules à partir de nombreux traitements, comme c'est " +"généralement le cas dans les expériences de profilage cellulaire à grande " +"échelle. Ensuite, vous pouvez laisser l'ordinateur regrouper les cellules en" +" un certain nombre de groupes différents en fonction de mesures similaires. " +"Il s'agit d'une forme de regroupement non supervisé, où vous observez quels " +"groupes émergent d'un ordinateur en tenant compte uniquement de leurs " +"mesures, et non des étiquettes de classe que nous imposons en tant que " +"chercheurs. Ces types d'expériences de regroupement peuvent fournir de " +"nouveaux résultats, mais peuvent également être plus difficiles à " +"interpréter ; voir ce protocole{cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023` pour plus " +"d'informations." + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:0 ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:0 msgid "⚠️ Where can things go wrong?" msgstr "" +" ⚠️ Où les choses peuvent-elles mal " +"tourner ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:23 msgid "" -"**Valid measurements are still important** Classification can be simple " -"or complex, but results always depend on the validity of your " -"measurements. For this reason, all the caveats of earlier measurement " -"sections also apply here." +"**Valid measurements are still important** Classification can be simple or " +"complex, but results always depend on the validity of your measurements. For" +" this reason, all the caveats of earlier measurement sections also apply " +"here." msgstr "" +"**Les mesures valides sont toujours importantes** La classification peut " +"être simple ou complexe, mais les résultats dépendent toujours de la " +"validité de vos mesures. Pour cette raison, toutes les mises en garde des " +"sections de mesure précédentes s'appliquent également ici." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:24 msgid "" -"**Machines are lazy** Machine learning classifiers aren’t necessarily " -"going to learn the biologically relevant features that distinguish " -"objects from distinct groups. Confounding features, or features that vary" -" with your phenotype but are not biologically related to it, can limit " -"the usefulness of your classifier and lead to incorrect conclusions. For " -"instance, if clinicians often put rulers next to malignant looking moles " -"and not next to benign moles and try to train a machine learning " -"classifier to distinguish malignant vs. benign, the model might learn to " -"classify images with rulers as malignant without tapping into any of the " -"relevant features of the moles. This is a [real " -"example](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244720/) {cite}`Narla2018-qh`." -" If possible, examining which features your model is relying on to " -"classify objects can be a way to check for this. It’s also important to " -"standardize how you capture images of your different classes of objects " -"and include a large enough training set with images with lots of " -"variation. You wouldn’t want all your positive cells to come from samples" -" you imaged in March and all your negative cells from samples you imaged " -"in January, for example." -msgstr "" +"**Machines are lazy** Machine learning classifiers aren’t necessarily going " +"to learn the biologically relevant features that distinguish objects from " +"distinct groups. Confounding features, or features that vary with your " +"phenotype but are not biologically related to it, can limit the usefulness " +"of your classifier and lead to incorrect conclusions. For instance, if " +"clinicians often put rulers next to malignant looking moles and not next to " +"benign moles and try to train a machine learning classifier to distinguish " +"malignant vs. benign, the model might learn to classify images with rulers " +"as malignant without tapping into any of the relevant features of the moles." +" This is a [real example](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244720/) " +"{cite}`Narla2018-qh`. If possible, examining which features your model is " +"relying on to classify objects can be a way to check for this. It’s also " +"important to standardize how you capture images of your different classes of" +" objects and include a large enough training set with images with lots of " +"variation. You wouldn’t want all your positive cells to come from samples " +"you imaged in March and all your negative cells from samples you imaged in " +"January, for example." +msgstr "" +"**Les machines sont paresseuses** Les classificateurs d'apprentissage " +"automatique ne vont pas nécessairement apprendre les caractéristiques " +"biologiquement pertinentes qui distinguent les objets de groupes distincts. " +"Des caractéristiques confusionnelles, ou des caractéristiques qui varient " +"avec votre phénotype mais qui ne sont pas biologiquement liées à celui-ci, " +"peuvent limiter l'utilité de votre classificateur et conduire à des " +"conclusions incorrectes. Par exemple, si les cliniciens placent souvent des " +"règles à côté de taupes d'apparence maligne et non à côté de taupes bénignes" +" et essaient de former un classificateur d'apprentissage automatique pour " +"distinguer les malins des bénins, le modèle pourrait apprendre à classer les" +" images avec des règles comme malignes sans puiser dans aucun des les " +"caractéristiques pertinentes des grains de beauté. Ceci est un [exemple " +"réel](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30244720/) {cite}`Narla2018-qh`. Si " +"possible, l'examen des fonctionnalités sur lesquelles votre modèle s'appuie " +"pour classer les objets peut être un moyen de vérifier cela. Il est " +"également important de normaliser la façon dont vous capturez des images de " +"vos différentes classes d'objets et d'inclure un ensemble d'entraînement " +"suffisamment grand avec des images avec beaucoup de variation. Vous ne " +"voudriez pas que toutes vos cellules positives proviennent d'échantillons " +"que vous avez imagés en mars et toutes vos cellules négatives d'échantillons" +" que vous avez imagés en janvier, par exemple." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:25 msgid "" @@ -128,39 +201,61 @@ msgid "" " {cite}`Stirling2021-ov` and [Piximi](https://www.piximi.app/) that make " "training a classifier easier, especially if you don’t know how to code." msgstr "" +"**Non-respect des hypothèses du modèle** Si vous utilisez un classificateur " +"d'apprentissage automatique, différents modèles sont livrés avec différentes" +" hypothèses intégrées. Si vous débutez, il peut être difficile de savoir " +"lequel choisir. Il existe des outils interactifs tels que [CellProfiler " +"Analyst](https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/32/20/3210/2196630)" +" {cite}`Stirling2021-ov` et [Piximi](https://www. piximi.app/) qui " +"facilitent la formation d'un classificateur, surtout si vous ne savez pas " +"coder." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:26 msgid "" -"**Messy boundaries** Most methods of supervised classification, where the" -" user assigns objects to a score or to a bin, ultimately treat each bin " -"as a totally separate entity; biology is rarely so neat. For example, a " -"supervised classifier for cell cycle phase must assign a cell to one " -"phase, but in fact progression through the cell cycle is not a perfectly " -"switch-like process, as can be visualized by measurements of individual " -"cells (colored by their class given by a human observer). More " -"sophisticated methods may be needed to classify more continuous " -"phenotypes" -msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md +"**Messy boundaries** Most methods of supervised classification, where the " +"user assigns objects to a score or to a bin, ultimately treat each bin as a " +"totally separate entity; biology is rarely so neat. For example, a " +"supervised classifier for cell cycle phase must assign a cell to one phase, " +"but in fact progression through the cell cycle is not a perfectly switch-" +"like process, as can be visualized by measurements of individual cells " +"(colored by their class given by a human observer). More sophisticated " +"methods may be needed to classify more continuous phenotypes" +msgstr "" +"** Limites désordonnées ** La plupart des méthodes de classification " +"supervisée, où l'utilisateur attribue des objets à un score ou à un bac, " +"traitent finalement chaque bac comme une entité totalement distincte ; la " +"biologie est rarement aussi soignée. Par exemple, un classificateur " +"supervisé pour la phase du cycle cellulaire doit attribuer une cellule à une" +" phase, mais en fait la progression dans le cycle cellulaire n'est pas un " +"processus parfaitement semblable à un interrupteur, comme on peut le " +"visualiser par des mesures de cellules individuelles (colorées par leur " +"classe donnée par un observateur humain). Des méthodes plus sophistiquées " +"peuvent être nécessaires pour classer des phénotypes plus continus" + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 msgid "a continuous distribution of cell cycle states" -msgstr "" +msgstr "une distribution continue des états du cycle cellulaire" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:35 msgid "" "**Strict division into supervised classes can be tricky for continuous " -"biological processes**. Adapted from Eulenberg, P., Köhler, N., Blasi, T." -" _et al_. Reconstructing cell cycle and disease progression using deep " +"biological processes**. Adapted from Eulenberg, P., Köhler, N., Blasi, T. " +"_et al_. Reconstructing cell cycle and disease progression using deep " "learning. _Nat Commun_ **8**, 463 (2017) {cite}`Eulenberg2017-ax`" msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md +"**La division stricte en classes supervisées peut être délicate pour les " +"processus biologiques continus**. Adapté de Eulenberg, P., Köhler, N., " +"Blasi, T. _et al_. Reconstruire le cycle cellulaire et la progression de la " +"maladie à l'aide de l'apprentissage en profondeur. _Nat Commun_ **8**, 463 " +"(2017) {cite}`Eulenberg2017-ax`" + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:0 ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:0 msgid "📚🤷‍♀️ Where can I learn more?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📚🤷‍♀️ Où puis-je en savoir plus ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:41 msgid "" @@ -168,6 +263,8 @@ msgid "" "profiling](https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.4397) " "{cite}`Caicedo2017-ks`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Stratégies d'analyse de données pour le profilage cellulaire basé sur " +"l'image] (https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.4397) {cite}`Caicedo2017-ks`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:42 msgid "" @@ -176,284 +273,403 @@ msgid "" "learning](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0808843106) " "{cite}`Jones2009-zz`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Score de diverses morphologies cellulaires sur des écrans basés sur des " +"images avec rétroaction itérative et apprentissage " +"automatique](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0808843106) " +"{cite}`Jones2009-zz`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:43 msgid "" "🎥 [iBiology video series: Measurement and Phenotype " "Classification](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odi9pIerT7I)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Série de vidéos iBiology : Mesure et classification des " +"phénotypes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odi9pIerT7I)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Classification.md:44 msgid "" -"📄 [Interpreting Image-based Profiles using Similarity Clustering and " -"Single-Cell Visualization](https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.713) " +"📄 [Interpreting Image-based Profiles using Similarity Clustering and Single-" +"Cell Visualization](https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.713) " "{cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Interprétation des profils basés sur des images à l'aide du clustering de" +" similarité et de la visualisation à cellule unique] " +"(https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.713) {cite}`GarciaFossaCruz2023`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:1 msgid "Colocalization" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Colocalisation" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:4 msgid "What is colocalization?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que la colocalisation ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:6 msgid "" -"Colocalization is when two or more different labels (e.g., eGFP and " -"mCherry) spatially overlap in your image (also called co-occurrence). " -"Another component of colocalization is that the fluorescent labels often " -"correlate in intensity (i.e., pixels with brighter eGFP also have " -"brighter mCherry). It is very important to measure colocalization " -"quantitatively–**do not just trust your eyes!**" -msgstr "" +"Colocalization is when two or more different labels (e.g., eGFP and mCherry)" +" spatially overlap in your image (also called co-occurrence). Another " +"component of colocalization is that the fluorescent labels often correlate " +"in intensity (i.e., pixels with brighter eGFP also have brighter mCherry). " +"It is very important to measure colocalization quantitatively–**do not just " +"trust your eyes!**" +msgstr "" +"La colocalisation se produit lorsque deux ou plusieurs étiquettes " +"différentes (par exemple, eGFP et mCherry) se chevauchent spatialement dans " +"votre image (également appelée co-occurrence). Une autre composante de la " +"colocalisation est que les étiquettes fluorescentes sont souvent corrélées " +"en intensité (c'est-à-dire que les pixels avec un eGFP plus lumineux ont " +"également un mCherry plus lumineux). Il est très important de mesurer " +"quantitativement la colocalisation - ** ne vous fiez pas seulement à vos " +"yeux ! **" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:8 msgid "" -"It is also important to recognize that co-ocurrence does not " -"_necessarily_ imply interaction." +"It is also important to recognize that co-ocurrence does not _necessarily_ " +"imply interaction." msgstr "" +"Il est également important de reconnaître que la cooccurrence n'implique pas" +" _nécessairement_ une interaction." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:11 msgid "" -"As an example, it is possible for two people to work in the same building" -" and never interact." +"As an example, it is possible for two people to work in the same building " +"and never interact." msgstr "" +"A titre d’exemple, il est possible que deux personnes travaillent dans le " +"même bâtiment sans jamais interagir." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:21 msgid "degrees of colocalization" -msgstr "" +msgstr "degrés de colocalisation" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:21 msgid "**Colocalization is about intensity and spatial overlap of labels**" msgstr "" +"**La colocalisation concerne l'intensité et le chevauchement spatial des " +"étiquettes**" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:28 msgid "" -"There are two main branches for how to look at colocalization: Object-" -"based and correlation-based." +"There are two main branches for how to look at colocalization: Object-based " +"and correlation-based." msgstr "" +"Il existe deux branches principales pour examiner la colocalisation : basée " +"sur les objets et basée sur la corrélation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:30 -#, python-format msgid "" -"**Object-based colocalization** is appropriate when you want to be able " -"to say something about a fraction of objects being positive for multiple " -"labels (e.g., 99% of eGFP+ cells were also mCherry+). Here’s a sample " -"workflow:" +"**Object-based colocalization** is appropriate when you want to be able to " +"say something about a fraction of objects being positive for multiple labels" +" (e.g., 99% of eGFP+ cells were also mCherry+). Here’s a sample workflow:" msgstr "" +"La **colocalisation basée sur des objets** est appropriée lorsque vous " +"souhaitez pouvoir dire quelque chose sur une fraction d'objets positifs pour" +" plusieurs étiquettes (par exemple, 99 % des cellules eGFP+ étaient " +"également mCherry+). Voici un exemple de flux de travail :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:51 msgid "" "**Correlation-based colocalization** is more appropriate when the labels " -"you’re measuring are not found in discrete objects or when you predict " -"that the signal in the labels should correlate. Correlation-based " -"colocalization is simpler to measure as it does not require any " -"{term}`segmentation` of objects. Pearson correlation coefficients are " -"readily measurable in most image analysis softwares (e.g., FIJI, " -"CellProfiler, etc.)." -msgstr "" +"you’re measuring are not found in discrete objects or when you predict that " +"the signal in the labels should correlate. Correlation-based colocalization " +"is simpler to measure as it does not require any {term}`segmentation` of " +"objects. Pearson correlation coefficients are readily measurable in most " +"image analysis softwares (e.g., FIJI, CellProfiler, etc.)." +msgstr "" +"La **colocalisation basée sur la corrélation** est plus appropriée lorsque " +"les étiquettes que vous mesurez ne se trouvent pas dans des objets discrets " +"ou lorsque vous prédisez que le signal dans les étiquettes doit être " +"corrélé. La colocalisation basée sur la corrélation est plus simple à " +"mesurer car elle ne nécessite aucune {term}`segmentation` des objets. Les " +"coefficients de corrélation de Pearson sont facilement mesurables dans la " +"plupart des logiciels d'analyse d'images (par exemple, FIJI, CellProfiler, " +"etc.)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:55 msgid "" -"**Not having adequate controls** (e.g., single label controls where only " -"one fluorescent label is present). Noise, uneven illumination, and other " +"**Not having adequate controls** (e.g., single label controls where only one" +" fluorescent label is present). Noise, uneven illumination, and other " "technical artifacts can cause correlation between two channels" msgstr "" +"**N'ayant pas de contrôles adéquats** (par exemple, des contrôles à " +"étiquette unique où une seule étiquette fluorescente est présente). Le " +"bruit, l'éclairage inégal et d'autres artefacts techniques peuvent provoquer" +" une corrélation entre deux canaux" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:56 msgid "" "**Not correcting for shift between channels** It’s common to have some " "degree of shift between different imaging channels due to differences in " -"optics (e.g., different filter cubes). Not correcting for this shift " -"(e.g., by measuring it and applying the corresponding correction to the " -"channels) can limit your ability to detect colocalization." +"optics (e.g., different filter cubes). Not correcting for this shift (e.g., " +"by measuring it and applying the corresponding correction to the channels) " +"can limit your ability to detect colocalization." msgstr "" +"**Pas de correction du décalage entre les canaux** Il est courant d'avoir un" +" certain degré de décalage entre les différents canaux d'imagerie en raison " +"des différences d'optique (par exemple, différents cubes de filtres). Ne pas" +" corriger ce décalage (par exemple, en le mesurant et en appliquant la " +"correction correspondante aux canaux) peut limiter votre capacité à détecter" +" la colocalisation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:57 msgid "" -"**Bleedthrough** Sometimes signal from one fluorescent channel bleeds " -"into another, which can falsely increase your detected colocalization. " -"This happens most commonly with fluorophores that are similar in spectra " -"(e.g., GFP and YFP). This is caused by fluorophore in one channel being " -"weakly excited by light used to excite a different fluorophore and the " -"resulting emitted fluorescence makes it through the emission filter " -"(e.g., your green objects show up in the yellow channel as well). Assess " -"this with single label controls." -msgstr "" +"**Bleedthrough** Sometimes signal from one fluorescent channel bleeds into " +"another, which can falsely increase your detected colocalization. This " +"happens most commonly with fluorophores that are similar in spectra (e.g., " +"GFP and YFP). This is caused by fluorophore in one channel being weakly " +"excited by light used to excite a different fluorophore and the resulting " +"emitted fluorescence makes it through the emission filter (e.g., your green " +"objects show up in the yellow channel as well). Assess this with single " +"label controls." +msgstr "" +"**Bleedthrough** Parfois, le signal d'un canal fluorescent se répand dans un" +" autre, ce qui peut faussement augmenter votre colocalisation détectée. Cela" +" se produit le plus souvent avec des fluorophores dont les spectres sont " +"similaires (par exemple, GFP et YFP). Cela est dû au fait que le fluorophore" +" dans un canal est faiblement excité par la lumière utilisée pour exciter un" +" fluorophore différent et la fluorescence émise qui en résulte passe à " +"travers le filtre d'émission (par exemple, vos objets verts apparaissent " +"également dans le canal jaune). Évaluez cela avec des contrôles à étiquette " +"unique." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:58 msgid "" -"**Improper interpretation of your colocalization metric** The details of " -"the metric chosen here are very important - they vary widely in terms of " -"their inclusion of background pixels, their sensitivity to signal-to-" -"noise, etc. Consultation with an expert and the inclusion of proper " -"controls can help you be assured that your measurement is truly what you " -"think it is." +"**Improper interpretation of your colocalization metric** The details of the" +" metric chosen here are very important - they vary widely in terms of their " +"inclusion of background pixels, their sensitivity to signal-to-noise, etc. " +"Consultation with an expert and the inclusion of proper controls can help " +"you be assured that your measurement is truly what you think it is." msgstr "" +"**Mauvaise interprétation de votre métrique de colocalisation** Les détails " +"de la métrique choisie ici sont très importants - ils varient " +"considérablement en termes d'inclusion de pixels d'arrière-plan, de " +"sensibilité au signal sur bruit, etc. Consultation avec un expert et le " +"l'inclusion de contrôles appropriés peut vous aider à être assuré que votre " +"mesure est vraiment ce que vous pensez qu'elle est." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:63 msgid "" "🔢 [Theoretical background on " "colocalization](https://svi.nl/ColocalizationTheory)" msgstr "" +"🔢 [Contexte théorique sur la " +"colocalisation](https://svi.nl/ColocalizationTheory)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Colocalization.md:64 msgid "" "📄 [Image co-localization - co-occurrence versus " -"correlation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151" -"/Image-co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}`Aaron2018-qi`" +"correlation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151/Image-" +"co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}`Aaron2018-qi`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Co-localisation d'images - co-occurrence versus " +"corrélation](https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/131/3/jcs211847/77151/Image-" +"co-localization-co-occurrence-versus) {cite}` Aaron2018-qi`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:1 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:1 msgid "Default Caption" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Légende par défaut" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:1 msgid "Common types of analysis" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Types d'analyse courants" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Common_types_of_analysis.md:3 msgid "" "In this section, we detail information and tips about some common, very " "useful types of image analysis. We first describe two aspects of " -"morphological analysis. **Morphology** is the study of the appearance, " -"form, and structure of an object and morphological measurements include " -"those based on object **shape** (e.g. cell area) as well as **intensity**" -" (e.g. mean brightness of GFP). After describing shape-based and " -"intensity-based analyses, we also present tips for measuring " -"**colocalization**, **tracking objects**, and **classifying objects**." -msgstr "" +"morphological analysis. **Morphology** is the study of the appearance, form," +" and structure of an object and morphological measurements include those " +"based on object **shape** (e.g. cell area) as well as **intensity** (e.g. " +"mean brightness of GFP). After describing shape-based and intensity-based " +"analyses, we also present tips for measuring **colocalization**, **tracking " +"objects**, and **classifying objects**." +msgstr "" +"Dans cette section, nous détaillons des informations et des conseils sur " +"certains types d'analyse d'image courants et très utiles. Nous décrivons " +"d'abord deux aspects de l'analyse morphologique. La **morphologie** est " +"l'étude de l'apparence, de la forme et de la structure d'un objet. Les " +"mesures morphologiques incluent celles basées sur la **forme** de l'objet " +"(par exemple, la zone cellulaire) ainsi que sur l'**intensité** (par " +"exemple, la luminosité moyenne de GFP). Après avoir décrit les analyses " +"basées sur la forme et sur l'intensité, nous présentons également des " +"conseils pour mesurer la **colocalisation**, le **suivi d'objets** et la " +"**classification d'objets**." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:1 msgid "Data management and sharing" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Gestion et partage des données" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:3 msgid "What is it?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que c'est?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:5 msgid "" "Both journals and scientific funders have placed more emphasis in recent " -"years on the fact that it is critical to save both the raw data generated" -" during the course of scientific discovery as well as the workflows used " -"to process such data. While mandates to publicly deposit raw image data " -"have recently gone into place in several countries, it can be difficult " -"for researchers to know where to store images, code, and metadata " -"associated with their bioimaging experiments." -msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md +"years on the fact that it is critical to save both the raw data generated " +"during the course of scientific discovery as well as the workflows used to " +"process such data. While mandates to publicly deposit raw image data have " +"recently gone into place in several countries, it can be difficult for " +"researchers to know where to store images, code, and metadata associated " +"with their bioimaging experiments." +msgstr "" +"Les revues et les bailleurs de fonds scientifiques ont mis davantage " +"l'accent ces dernières années sur le fait qu'il est essentiel de sauvegarder" +" à la fois les données brutes générées au cours de la découverte " +"scientifique ainsi que les flux de travail utilisés pour traiter ces " +"données. Bien que des mandats de dépôt public de données d'images brutes " +"aient récemment été mis en place dans plusieurs pays, il peut être difficile" +" pour les chercheurs de savoir où stocker les images, le code et les " +"métadonnées associées à leurs expériences de bioimagerie." + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 msgid "🤔 What are my options?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🤔 Quelles sont mes options ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:9 msgid "" -"There are many options for storing image data in online repositories. " -"These services make it easy to share and reuse data. The best option will" -" depend on the size of the dataset, the budget for storage, whether there" -" is related non-image data, and how much metadata is available for the " -"dataset. Some options are summarized below:" +"There are many options for storing image data in online repositories. These " +"services make it easy to share and reuse data. The best option will depend " +"on the size of the dataset, the budget for storage, whether there is related" +" non-image data, and how much metadata is available for the dataset. Some " +"options are summarized below:" msgstr "" +"Il existe de nombreuses options pour stocker des données d'image dans des " +"référentiels en ligne. Ces services facilitent le partage et la " +"réutilisation des données. La meilleure option dépendra de la taille de " +"l'ensemble de données, du budget de stockage, de l'existence ou non de " +"données liées à des images et de la quantité de métadonnées disponibles pour" +" l'ensemble de données. Certaines options sont résumées ci-dessous :" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:0 msgid "Comparison of various data respositories" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comparaison de différents référentiels de données" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:18 msgid "" "**Options for storing bioimaging data** Figure by Beth Cimini (2023) " "[Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7628604)" msgstr "" +"**Options de stockage des données de bioimagerie** Figure de Beth Cimini " +"(2023) [Source](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7628604)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:24 msgid "" "**Not storing original versions of images**. It is critical that the raw " -"image data be saved and stored. It is very important that these files are" -" not compressed formats (e.g., '.jpeg') or modified from the original " -"files on which analysis was performed. If files are modified, " -"measurements will change and the analysis pipeline will not be " -"reproducible to anyone else." -msgstr "" +"image data be saved and stored. It is very important that these files are " +"not compressed formats (e.g., '.jpeg') or modified from the original files " +"on which analysis was performed. If files are modified, measurements will " +"change and the analysis pipeline will not be reproducible to anyone else." +msgstr "" +"**Ne stocke pas les versions originales des images**. Il est essentiel que " +"les données d'image brutes soient enregistrées et stockées. Il est très " +"important que ces fichiers ne soient pas des formats compressés (par " +"exemple, '.jpeg') ou modifiés à partir des fichiers originaux sur lesquels " +"l'analyse a été effectuée. Si les fichiers sont modifiés, les mesures " +"changeront et le pipeline d'analyse ne pourra être reproduit par personne " +"d'autre." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:26 msgid "" "**Necessary imaging metadata is unavailable**. In order to properly " -"calibrate measurement data, it's critical that information like pixel " -"size (e.g., in microns), the microscope manufacturer and model, and " -"acquisition settings are included alongside the data. If this isn't " -"included, it will be very difficult to reproduce results or use the " -"combine the data with other datasets." -msgstr "" +"calibrate measurement data, it's critical that information like pixel size " +"(e.g., in microns), the microscope manufacturer and model, and acquisition " +"settings are included alongside the data. If this isn't included, it will be" +" very difficult to reproduce results or use the combine the data with other " +"datasets." +msgstr "" +"**Les métadonnées d'imagerie nécessaires ne sont pas disponibles**. Afin de " +"calibrer correctement les données de mesure, il est essentiel que des " +"informations telles que la taille des pixels (par exemple, en microns), le " +"fabricant et le modèle du microscope et les paramètres d'acquisition soient " +"incluses à côté des données. Si cela n'est pas inclus, il sera très " +"difficile de reproduire les résultats ou d'utiliser la combinaison des " +"données avec d'autres ensembles de données." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:32 msgid "🌐 [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:33 msgid "🌐 [Figshare](https://figshare.com)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Figshare](https://figshare.com)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:34 msgid "🌐 [Dryad](https://datadryad.org)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Dryade](https://datadryad.org)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:35 msgid "" "🌐 [Bioimage Archive](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/bioimage-archive/) " "{cite}`Hartley2022-mt`" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Archive Bioimage](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/bioimage-archive/) " +"{cite}`Hartley2022-mt`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:36 msgid "" "🌐 [Image Data Resource (IDR)](https://idr.openmicroscopy.org/) " "{cite}`Williams2017-yy`" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Ressource de données d'image (IDR)] (https://idr.openmicroscopy.org/) " +"{cite}`Williams2017-yy`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:37 msgid "🌐 [BBBC](https://bbbc.broadinstitute.org/) {cite}`Ljosa2012-fr`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [BBBC](https://bbbc.broadinstitute.org/) {cite}`Ljosa2012-fr`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Data_management.md:38 msgid "" "🌐 [Cell Painting Gallery](https://registry.opendata.aws/cellpainting-" "gallery/)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Galerie de peinture cellulaire] " +"(https://registry.opendata.aws/cellpainting-gallery/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:1 msgid "General Use Software" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Logiciel à usage général" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:3 msgid "" -"Tools on this page tend to be relatively multipurpose across a lot of " -"kinds of analyses and/or images. For tools that specialize in certain " -"analysis steps, see the [Specific Use Software](./SpecificUseSoftware.md)" -" page." +"Tools on this page tend to be relatively multipurpose across a lot of kinds " +"of analyses and/or images. For tools that specialize in certain analysis " +"steps, see the [Specific Use Software](./SpecificUseSoftware.md) page." msgstr "" +"Les outils de cette page ont tendance à être relativement polyvalents pour " +"de nombreux types d'analyses et/ou d'images. Pour les outils spécialisés " +"dans certaines étapes d'analyse, consultez la page [Logiciel à usage " +"spécifique](./SpecificUseSoftware.md)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:6 msgid "" "\"logo\" ImageJ" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" ImageJ" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:9 msgid "" "[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) " "{cite}`Schneider2012-gs,Schindelin2012-kk,Rueden2017-ku` is an imaging " "processing program that is capable of operating on a variety of images " -"including multichannel, 3D and time series. It provides a variety of " -"basic imaging processing operations, but it can be complemented with a " -"variety of plugins for more complex tasks." +"including multichannel, 3D and time series. It provides a variety of basic " +"imaging processing operations, but it can be complemented with a variety of " +"plugins for more complex tasks." msgstr "" - -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md +"[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) " +"{cite}`Schneider2012-gs,Schindelin2012-kk,Rueden2017-ku` est un programme de" +" traitement d'image capable de fonctionner sur une variété d'images, y " +"compris multicanaux, 3D et séries chronologiques. Il fournit une variété " +"d'opérations de traitement d'image de base, mais il peut être complété par " +"une variété de plugins pour des tâches plus complexes." + +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:0 msgid "What are its disadvantages?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Quels sont ses inconvénients ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:14 msgid "" @@ -461,36 +677,46 @@ msgid "" "capability of batch processing and creating macros it does require some " "understanding of coding." msgstr "" +"Les opérations de traitement d'image sont effectuées une à la fois, bien " +"qu'il ait la capacité de traiter par lots et de créer des macros, il " +"nécessite une certaine compréhension du codage." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:15 msgid "" -"But while it can open large images, there is a size limit to the size it " -"can handle based on the available memory. And even if it can open large " -"images it can slow down performance." +"But while it can open large images, there is a size limit to the size it can" +" handle based on the available memory. And even if it can open large images " +"it can slow down performance." msgstr "" +"Mais bien qu'il puisse ouvrir de grandes images, il existe une limite de " +"taille à la taille qu'il peut gérer en fonction de la mémoire disponible. Et" +" même s'il peut ouvrir de grandes images, il peut ralentir les performances." -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:0 +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:0 msgid "How to download/install and learn more?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Comment télécharger/installer et en savoir plus ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:20 msgid "To download ImageJ or its “batteries-included” distribution Fiji go to" msgstr "" +"Pour télécharger ImageJ ou sa distribution \"piles incluses\" Fidji, rendez-" +"vous sur" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:24 msgid "🌐 [ImageJ download](https://imagej.net/downloads)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement ImageJ](https://imagej.net/downloads)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:26 msgid "" -"For documentation and tutorials on how to use ImageJ as well as a list of" -" available plugins" +"For documentation and tutorials on how to use ImageJ as well as a list of " +"available plugins" msgstr "" +"Pour de la documentation et des tutoriels sur l'utilisation d'ImageJ ainsi " +"qu'une liste des plugins disponibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:30 msgid "🌐 [ImageJ basics](https://imagej.net/learn/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Les bases d'ImageJ](https://imagej.net/learn/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:34 msgid "" @@ -498,42 +724,63 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/original/2X/b/bcdcd5ba157e07e74dd1964ec81765e708455ed9.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> CellProfiler" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" CellProfiler" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:36 msgid "" "[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) {cite}`Stirling2021-sg` is a " -"software designed for biologists by biologists; it creates a bridge " -"between image analysis and scientist with no need of computational " -"expertise. It was designed with the idea of an image analysis pipeline in" -" mind: it allows you to take a series of interoperable modules to design " -"your own custom analysis pipeline that can be applied to one or thousands" -" of images, making it suitable for high throughput image analysis." -msgstr "" +"software designed for biologists by biologists; it creates a bridge between " +"image analysis and scientist with no need of computational expertise. It was" +" designed with the idea of an image analysis pipeline in mind: it allows you" +" to take a series of interoperable modules to design your own custom " +"analysis pipeline that can be applied to one or thousands of images, making " +"it suitable for high throughput image analysis." +msgstr "" +"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) {cite}`Stirling2021-sg` est un " +"logiciel conçu pour les biologistes par des biologistes ; il crée un pont " +"entre l'analyse d'images et le scientifique sans avoir besoin d'expertise " +"informatique. Il a été conçu avec l'idée d'un pipeline d'analyse d'images à " +"l'esprit : il vous permet de prendre une série de modules interopérables " +"pour concevoir votre propre pipeline d'analyse personnalisé qui peut être " +"appliqué à une ou des milliers d'images, ce qui le rend adapté à l'analyse " +"d'images à haut débit. ." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:42 msgid "" "CellProfiler can’t handle large images, like whole tissue sections from " -"histology experiments. The image size is currently limited by the " -"available memory on your computer." +"histology experiments. The image size is currently limited by the available " +"memory on your computer." msgstr "" +"CellProfiler ne peut pas gérer de grandes images, comme des sections de " +"tissus entiers provenant d'expériences d'histologie. La taille de l'image " +"est actuellement limitée par la mémoire disponible sur votre ordinateur." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:43 msgid "" -"While CellProfiler can perform analysis on 3D images the visualization is" -" limited to a one z-plane at a time via a slider on the viewing window." +"While CellProfiler can perform analysis on 3D images the visualization is " +"limited to a one z-plane at a time via a slider on the viewing window." msgstr "" +"Alors que CellProfiler peut effectuer une analyse sur des images 3D, la " +"visualisation est limitée à un plan z à la fois via un curseur sur la " +"fenêtre de visualisation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:44 -msgid "Also several features of CellProfiler are only available for 2D images." +msgid "" +"Also several features of CellProfiler are only available for 2D images." msgstr "" +"De plus, plusieurs fonctionnalités de CellProfiler ne sont disponibles que " +"pour les images 2D." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:49 msgid "To download CellProfiler" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger Cell Profiler" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:53 msgid "🌐 [CellProfiler download](https://cellprofiler.org/releases)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [téléchargement de CellProfiler] (https://cellprofiler.org/releases)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:55 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:84 @@ -542,27 +789,31 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:172 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:59 msgid "For documentation examples and tutorials." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour des exemples de documentation et des tutoriels." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:59 msgid "" "🌐 [CellProfiler user manual](https://cellprofiler-" "manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.6/index.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Manuel d'utilisation de CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" +"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.6/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:60 msgid "🌐 [Examples](https://cellprofiler.org/examples)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Exemples](https://cellprofiler.org/examples)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:61 msgid "🌐 [Tutorials](https://tutorials.cellprofiler.org/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Tutoriels](https://tutorials.cellprofiler.org/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:62 msgid "" "🎥 [Video tutorials and " "workshops](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXSm9cHbSZBBy7JkChB32_e3lURUcT3RL)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Tutoriels vidéo et " +"ateliers](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXSm9cHbSZBBy7JkChB32_e3lURUcT3RL)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:66 msgid "" @@ -570,39 +821,52 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/optimized/3X/6/0/6039b2daa4b6b1c32943f63f464cf3c477898bfe_2_750x750.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> QuPath" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" QuPath" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:68 msgid "" -"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) {cite}`Bankhead2017-kz` offers a wide" -" set of image analysis tools that can be applied to whole slide images. " -"For that reason it is widely utilized with pathology images, but it can " -"be used with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel " -"classification tools and can integrate with ImageJ (e.g., for sending " -"{term}`ROIs` between the programs, or for accessing ImageJ plugins)." -msgstr "" +"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) {cite}`Bankhead2017-kz` offers a wide " +"set of image analysis tools that can be applied to whole slide images. For " +"that reason it is widely utilized with pathology images, but it can be used " +"with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel classification tools " +"and can integrate with ImageJ (e.g., for sending {term}`ROIs` between the " +"programs, or for accessing ImageJ plugins)." +msgstr "" +"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) {cite}`Bankhead2017-kz` propose un large" +" éventail d'outils d'analyse d'image pouvant être appliqués à des images de " +"diapositives entières. Pour cette raison, il est largement utilisé avec des " +"images de pathologie, mais il peut également être utilisé avec d'autres " +"images. QuPath contient également des outils de classification de pixels et " +"peut s'intégrer à ImageJ (par exemple, pour envoyer des {term}`ROIs` entre " +"les programmes ou pour accéder aux plugins ImageJ)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:73 msgid "" -"To get the most out of QuPath (especially when analyzing many images), " -"some scripting and knowledge of coding (or adapting other’s code) is " -"necessary" +"To get the most out of QuPath (especially when analyzing many images), some " +"scripting and knowledge of coding (or adapting other’s code) is necessary" msgstr "" +"Pour tirer le meilleur parti de QuPath (en particulier lors de l'analyse de " +"nombreuses images), des scripts et une connaissance du codage (ou de " +"l'adaptation du code d'un autre) sont nécessaires" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:78 msgid "To download QuPath" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger QuPath" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:82 msgid "🌐 [QuPath download](https://qupath.github.io/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement QuPath] (https://qupath.github.io/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:88 msgid "🌐 [QuPath user manual](https://qupath.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Manuel d'utilisation de QuPath](https://qupath.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:89 msgid "🎥 [Video tutorials and workshops](https://www.youtube.com/c/qupath)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🎥 [Tutoriels vidéo et ateliers](https://www.youtube.com/c/qupath)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:93 msgid "" @@ -610,35 +874,45 @@ msgid "" "content/uploads/2018/07/logo_full_notext600px.png\" alt=\"logo\" " "width=\"30px\"> Icy" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" Glacé" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:95 msgid "" -"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) {cite}`De_Chaumont2012-pe` is an" -" out of the box image analysis tools, it utilizes plugins to create " -"visual image analysis protocols that can be shared with other users." +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) {cite}`De_Chaumont2012-pe` is an " +"out of the box image analysis tools, it utilizes plugins to create visual " +"image analysis protocols that can be shared with other users." msgstr "" +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) {cite}`De_Chaumont2012-pe` est un " +"outil d'analyse d'image prêt à l'emploi, il utilise des plugins pour créer " +"des protocoles d'analyse d'image visuelle qui peuvent être partagés avec " +"d'autres utilisateurs." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:102 msgid "Icy interoperability with other softwares is limited to ImageJ" -msgstr "" +msgstr "L'interopérabilité d'Icy avec d'autres logiciels est limitée à ImageJ" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:107 msgid "To download Icy" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger Glacé" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:111 msgid "🌐 [Icy download](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/download/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement glacé](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/download/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:117 -msgid "🌐 [Icy course and tutorial](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/trainings/)" +msgid "" +"🌐 [Icy course and tutorial](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/trainings/)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Cours et tutoriel Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/trainings/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:118 msgid "" -"🎥 [Bioimage analysis with Icy " -"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myal9BD6J-k)" +"🎥 [Bioimage analysis with Icy ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myal9BD6J-k)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Analyse de bioimages avec Icy " +"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myal9BD6J-k)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:122 msgid "" @@ -646,44 +920,58 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/optimized/3X/7/4/74273a1f9a663b52053d44c9767ed49193f2170f_2_787x750.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> MIB (Microscopy Image Browser)" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" MIB (Navigateur d'images de microscopie)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:124 msgid "" -"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) {cite}`Belevich2016-vi` is a " -"user-friendly software for image analysis of multidimensional datasets " -"for both light and electron microscopy. It allows you to use the whole " -"acquired data for its analysis and extraction of morphological features." +"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) {cite}`Belevich2016-vi` is a user-" +"friendly software for image analysis of multidimensional datasets for both " +"light and electron microscopy. It allows you to use the whole acquired data " +"for its analysis and extraction of morphological features." msgstr "" +"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) {cite}`Belevich2016-vi` est un " +"logiciel convivial pour l'analyse d'images d'ensembles de données " +"multidimensionnelles pour la microscopie optique et électronique. Il vous " +"permet d'utiliser l'ensemble des données acquises pour son analyse et " +"l'extraction de caractéristiques morphologiques." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:131 msgid "" -"It was created using MATLAB, a standalone packaged version exist, but " -"they do not use the most up-to-date MATLAB releases" +"It was created using MATLAB, a standalone packaged version exist, but they " +"do not use the most up-to-date MATLAB releases" msgstr "" +"Il a été créé à l'aide de MATLAB, une version packagée autonome existe, mais" +" ils n'utilisent pas les versions MATLAB les plus récentes" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:136 msgid "To download MIB" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger MIB" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:140 msgid "🌐 [MIB download](http://mib.helsinki.fi/downloads.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Téléchargement MIB] (http://mib.helsinki.fi/downloads.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:146 msgid "" "🌐 [MIB user " "guide](http://mib.helsinki.fi/help/main2/im_browser_user_guide.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Guide de l'utilisateur MIB] " +"(http://mib.helsinki.fi/help/main2/im_browser_user_guide.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:147 msgid "🌐 [Tutorials](http://mib.helsinki.fi/tutorials.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Tutoriels](http://mib.helsinki.fi/tutorials.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:148 msgid "" "🎥 [Video " "tutorials](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGkFvW985wz8cj8CWmXOFkXpvoX_HwXzj)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Tutoriels vidéo] " +"(https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGkFvW985wz8cj8CWmXOFkXpvoX_HwXzj)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:152 msgid "" @@ -691,41 +979,56 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/optimized/3X/7/7/775e83f70639e1cb7cb299d8681d272e18718089_2_750x750.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> napari" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" napari" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:154 msgid "" -"[napari](https://napari.org/) {cite}`Sofroniew2022-nd` is being developed" -" as a multi-dimensional image viewer that can be expanded via a variety " -"of plugins to perform basic and complex image analysis tasks." +"[napari](https://napari.org/) {cite}`Sofroniew2022-nd` is being developed as" +" a multi-dimensional image viewer that can be expanded via a variety of " +"plugins to perform basic and complex image analysis tasks." msgstr "" +"[napari](https://napari.org/) {cite}`Sofroniew2022-nd` est en cours de " +"développement en tant que visionneuse d'images multidimensionnelle qui peut " +"être étendue via une variété de plug-ins pour effectuer des tâches d'analyse" +" d'images de base et complexes." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:161 msgid "" -"napari is still in the development stages, but it is a very popular " -"platform and already has a variety of plugins and use cases with " -"tutorials available." +"napari is still in the development stages, but it is a very popular platform" +" and already has a variety of plugins and use cases with tutorials " +"available." msgstr "" +"napari est encore en phase de développement, mais c'est une plate-forme très" +" populaire et dispose déjà d'une variété de plugins et de cas d'utilisation " +"avec des tutoriels disponibles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:166 msgid "To download napari" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger napari" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:170 msgid "" "🌐 [napari bundled app download " -"](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/installation.html" -"#install-as-a-bundled-app)" +"](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/installation.html#install-" +"as-a-bundled-app)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [téléchargement de l'application groupée napari] " +"(https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/installation.html#install-" +"as-a-bundled-app)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:176 msgid "" "🌐 [New to napari guide " "](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/getting_started.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Nouveau dans le guide napari] " +"(https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/fundamentals/getting_started.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:177 msgid "🌐 [Tutorials](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/index.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Tutoriels](https://napari.org/stable/tutorials/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/GeneralUseSoftware.md:178 msgid "" @@ -733,100 +1036,156 @@ msgid "" "series](https://focalplane.biologists.com/category/blog-series/bio-image-" "analysis-with-napari/)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Analyse de bioimage avec Napari - Une série de blogs " +"FocalPlane](https://focalplane.biologists.com/category/blog-series/bio-" +"image-analysis-with-napari/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:1 msgid "Intensity measurements" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Mesures d'intensité" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:3 msgid "What are intensity measurements?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Que sont les mesures d'intensité ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:4 msgid "" -"Intensity refers to the brightness of signal for a fluorescent label. " -"Using intensity measurements, we can infer a relative amount of " -"fluorophore or stain. So for instance, if you have a protein tagged with " -"a fluorophore, you can measure the intensity of that fluorophore to get a" -" relative measure of how much protein is present in your sample. " -"Intensity measurements include the following (non-exhaustive) and can be " -"measured within an image, in a object like a cell, in subregions of an " -"object:" -msgstr "" +"Intensity refers to the brightness of signal for a fluorescent label. Using " +"intensity measurements, we can infer a relative amount of fluorophore or " +"stain. So for instance, if you have a protein tagged with a fluorophore, you" +" can measure the intensity of that fluorophore to get a relative measure of " +"how much protein is present in your sample. Intensity measurements include " +"the following (non-exhaustive) and can be measured within an image, in a " +"object like a cell, in subregions of an object:" +msgstr "" +"L'intensité fait référence à la luminosité du signal pour un marqueur " +"fluorescent. En utilisant des mesures d'intensité, nous pouvons déduire une " +"quantité relative de fluorophore ou de tache. Ainsi, par exemple, si vous " +"avez une protéine marquée avec un fluorophore, vous pouvez mesurer " +"l'intensité de ce fluorophore pour obtenir une mesure relative de la " +"quantité de protéine présente dans votre échantillon. Les mesures " +"d'intensité comprennent les éléments suivants (non exhaustifs) et peuvent " +"être mesurées dans une image, dans un objet comme une cellule, dans des " +"sous-régions d'un objet :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:5 msgid "**Mean intensity**: the average intensity across all pixels" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Intensité moyenne** : intensité moyenne sur tous les pixels" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:6 msgid "" "**Integrated intensity**: the sum of pixel intensities, a proxy for the " "total amount of that marker in an object" msgstr "" +"**Intensité intégrée** : la somme des intensités de pixels, un indicateur de" +" la quantité totale de ce marqueur dans un objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:7 msgid "**Texture measurements**: the smoothness of the intensities" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Mesures de texture** : la finesse des intensités" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:13 msgid "" -"Intensity is relatively straightforward to measure, but can be quite " -"tricky to do _correctly_ (see below). We strongly suggest you contact an " -"image analysis expert before proceeding with this type of analysis " -"because there are so many places things can go wrong. In general, you " -"want to measure on either raw images, or illumination-corrected images, " -"but in general with minimal {term}`image processing`. Illumination-" -"correction is a form of {term}`image processing` to compensate for the " -"uneven pattern of illumination produced by most light sources where the " -"middle of the field of illumination is brighter than the edges. Then " -"intensity measurements can be made in any standard image analysis " -"software, either across the whole image or in identified objects. See " -"below for an example workflow:" -msgstr "" +"Intensity is relatively straightforward to measure, but can be quite tricky " +"to do _correctly_ (see below). We strongly suggest you contact an image " +"analysis expert before proceeding with this type of analysis because there " +"are so many places things can go wrong. In general, you want to measure on " +"either raw images, or illumination-corrected images, but in general with " +"minimal {term}`image processing`. Illumination-correction is a form of " +"{term}`image processing` to compensate for the uneven pattern of " +"illumination produced by most light sources where the middle of the field of" +" illumination is brighter than the edges. Then intensity measurements can be" +" made in any standard image analysis software, either across the whole image" +" or in identified objects. See below for an example workflow:" +msgstr "" +"L'intensité est relativement simple à mesurer, mais peut être assez " +"difficile à faire _correctement_ (voir ci-dessous). Nous vous suggérons " +"fortement de contacter un expert en analyse d'images avant de procéder à ce " +"type d'analyse car il y a tellement d'endroits où les choses peuvent mal " +"tourner. En général, vous souhaitez mesurer soit sur des images brutes, soit" +" sur des images corrigées par l'éclairage, mais en général avec un " +"{term}`traitement d'image` minimal. La correction d'éclairage est une forme " +"de \"traitement d'image\" pour compenser le motif d'éclairage irrégulier " +"produit par la plupart des sources lumineuses où le milieu du champ " +"d'éclairage est plus lumineux que les bords. Ensuite, des mesures " +"d'intensité peuvent être effectuées dans n'importe quel logiciel d'analyse " +"d'image standard, soit sur l'ensemble de l'image, soit sur des objets " +"identifiés. Voir ci-dessous pour un exemple de flux de travail :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:35 msgid "" "To understand saturation another way, imagine you’re trying to measure " -"average male height with a 2 meter tape measure. If our sample contains " -"men that are taller than 2 meters, we can’t tell _how much taller_ than 6" -" feet they are; they’re like saturated pixels that exceed the intensity " -"we can detect. This saturation of our measurement tool means we can’t " -"accurately report average height." -msgstr "" +"average male height with a 2 meter tape measure. If our sample contains men " +"that are taller than 2 meters, we can’t tell _how much taller_ than 6 feet " +"they are; they’re like saturated pixels that exceed the intensity we can " +"detect. This saturation of our measurement tool means we can’t accurately " +"report average height." +msgstr "" +"Pour comprendre la saturation d'une autre manière, imaginez que vous essayez" +" de mesurer la taille moyenne d'un homme avec un ruban à mesurer de 2 " +"mètres. Si notre échantillon contient des hommes qui mesurent plus de 2 " +"mètres, nous ne pouvons pas dire combien ils mesurent plus de 6 pieds ; ils " +"sont comme des pixels saturés qui dépassent l'intensité que nous pouvons " +"détecter. Cette saturation de notre outil de mesure signifie que nous ne " +"pouvons pas rapporter avec précision la taille moyenne." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:38 msgid "" -"**Saturation** Saturated pixels are so bright their intensity values max " -"out our detector (camera). If you have saturated pixels in the cells " -"you’re trying to measure, you really can’t do most intensity " -"measurements. This is because for saturated pixels, you don’t know how " -"bright they really are, just that they’re brighter than you can detect. " -"There are some intensity measurements that are robust to some saturation." -" For example, the median intensity of an image won’t be affected by " -"saturation unless you have >½ the image saturated. But measurements like " -"mean intensity will be affected by saturation." -msgstr "" +"**Saturation** Saturated pixels are so bright their intensity values max out" +" our detector (camera). If you have saturated pixels in the cells you’re " +"trying to measure, you really can’t do most intensity measurements. This is " +"because for saturated pixels, you don’t know how bright they really are, " +"just that they’re brighter than you can detect. There are some intensity " +"measurements that are robust to some saturation. For example, the median " +"intensity of an image won’t be affected by saturation unless you have >½ the" +" image saturated. But measurements like mean intensity will be affected by " +"saturation." +msgstr "" +"**Saturation** Les pixels saturés sont si brillants que leurs valeurs " +"d'intensité maximisent notre détecteur (caméra). Si vous avez des pixels " +"saturés dans les cellules que vous essayez de mesurer, vous ne pouvez " +"vraiment pas faire la plupart des mesures d'intensité. En effet, pour les " +"pixels saturés, vous ne savez pas à quel point ils sont réellement lumineux," +" mais simplement qu'ils sont plus lumineux que vous ne pouvez le détecter. " +"Certaines mesures d'intensité sont robustes à une certaine saturation. Par " +"exemple, l'intensité médiane d'une image ne sera pas affectée par la " +"saturation à moins que vous ayez> ½ l'image saturée. Mais des mesures comme " +"l'intensité moyenne seront affectées par la saturation." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:40 msgid "" -"**Inadequate controls** In most cases, the exact intensity measures you " -"get don’t mean anything biologically in isolation. It’s only by " -"comparison of conditions that we can generate some biological insight. A " -"control condition is therefore **very** important to compare to your " -"experimental condition." +"**Inadequate controls** In most cases, the exact intensity measures you get " +"don’t mean anything biologically in isolation. It’s only by comparison of " +"conditions that we can generate some biological insight. A control condition" +" is therefore **very** important to compare to your experimental condition." msgstr "" +"** Contrôles inadéquats ** Dans la plupart des cas, les mesures d'intensité " +"exactes que vous obtenez ne signifient rien biologiquement isolément. Ce " +"n'est qu'en comparant les conditions que nous pouvons générer des " +"informations biologiques. Une condition de contrôle est donc **très** " +"importante à comparer à votre condition expérimentale." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:42 msgid "" -"**Not matching imaging conditions across experimental conditions** " -"Because intensity measures are affected by exposure time, light source " -"intensity, and other factors, it’s very important to match imaging " -"settings across your samples. Relatedly, you should make sure you don’t " -"separate imaging your experimental and control conditions to different " -"days if this can be in any way avoided. Fluorophores can become dimmer " -"over time in samples, which complicates interpretation if different " -"sample types were imaged on different days." -msgstr "" +"**Not matching imaging conditions across experimental conditions** Because " +"intensity measures are affected by exposure time, light source intensity, " +"and other factors, it’s very important to match imaging settings across your" +" samples. Relatedly, you should make sure you don’t separate imaging your " +"experimental and control conditions to different days if this can be in any " +"way avoided. Fluorophores can become dimmer over time in samples, which " +"complicates interpretation if different sample types were imaged on " +"different days." +msgstr "" +"**Ne correspond pas aux conditions d'imagerie dans les conditions " +"expérimentales** Étant donné que les mesures d'intensité sont affectées par " +"le temps d'exposition, l'intensité de la source lumineuse et d'autres " +"facteurs, il est très important de faire correspondre les paramètres " +"d'imagerie de vos échantillons. De même, vous devez vous assurer de ne pas " +"séparer l'imagerie de vos conditions expérimentales et de contrôle à des " +"jours différents si cela peut être évité de quelque manière que ce soit. Les" +" fluorophores peuvent devenir plus sombres au fil du temps dans les " +"échantillons, ce qui complique l'interprétation si différents types " +"d'échantillons ont été imagés à des jours différents." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Intensity.md:48 msgid "" @@ -834,78 +1193,103 @@ msgid "" "measures](https://neubias.github.io/training-" "resources/measure_intensities/index.html)" msgstr "" +"🎓 [Ressource de formation Neubias sur les mesures " +"d'intensité](https://neubias.github.io/training-" +"resources/measure_intensities/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Introduction.md:1 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:3 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_processing.md:3 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_segmentation.md:3 msgid "Introduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Introduction" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Introduction.md:3 msgid "" "Microscopy images are inherently quantitative, which makes them a very " -"powerful data source. As a biologist, image analysis allows you to " -"translate these numbers into insights that answer biological questions. " -"For our purposes, **image analysis** is the process of measuring aspects " -"of biological phenomena captured in microscopy images. Microscopy images " -"are already _inherently quantitative_ in that they are matrices (i.e., " -"grids) of numbers. However, image analysis is the process of turning " -"these raw numbers into biologically interpretable measurements. Image " -"analysis typically involves a series of steps that can be collected into " -"a pipeline or analysis workflow. A simple example workflow is shown " -"below:" -msgstr "" +"powerful data source. As a biologist, image analysis allows you to translate" +" these numbers into insights that answer biological questions. For our " +"purposes, **image analysis** is the process of measuring aspects of " +"biological phenomena captured in microscopy images. Microscopy images are " +"already _inherently quantitative_ in that they are matrices (i.e., grids) of" +" numbers. However, image analysis is the process of turning these raw " +"numbers into biologically interpretable measurements. Image analysis " +"typically involves a series of steps that can be collected into a pipeline " +"or analysis workflow. A simple example workflow is shown below:" +msgstr "" +"Les images de microscopie sont intrinsèquement quantitatives, ce qui en fait" +" une source de données très puissante. En tant que biologiste, l'analyse " +"d'images vous permet de traduire ces chiffres en informations qui répondent " +"à des questions biologiques. Pour nos besoins, l'**analyse d'image** est le " +"processus de mesure des aspects des phénomènes biologiques capturés dans les" +" images de microscopie. Les images de microscopie sont déjà _intrinsèquement" +" quantitatives_ en ce qu'elles sont des matrices (c'est-à-dire des grilles) " +"de nombres. Cependant, l'analyse d'image est le processus de transformation " +"de ces nombres bruts en mesures biologiquement interprétables. L'analyse " +"d'images implique généralement une série d'étapes qui peuvent être " +"rassemblées dans un pipeline ou un workflow d'analyse. Un exemple de flux de" +" travail simple est illustré ci-dessous :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Introduction.md:26 msgid "" -"The specifics of your workflow depend on your biological question. Below " -"we present a few common types of analysis for fluorescence microscopy " +"The specifics of your workflow depend on your biological question. Below we " +"present a few common types of analysis for fluorescence microscopy " "experiments. For each, we’ll explain key ideas to understand before you " -"begin, common pitfalls, and links to a few key resources to learn more. " -"We encourage you to think about your analysis strategy even before " -"beginning sample preparation. While not always possible, speaking with an" -" image analysis expert in your local core facility or asking a question " -"on the [image.sc](https://image.sc) forum _before you begin_ can save you" -" a ton of time and headache when it comes to designing an image analysis " -"strategy." -msgstr "" +"begin, common pitfalls, and links to a few key resources to learn more. We " +"encourage you to think about your analysis strategy even before beginning " +"sample preparation. While not always possible, speaking with an image " +"analysis expert in your local core facility or asking a question on the " +"[image.sc](https://image.sc) forum _before you begin_ can save you a ton of " +"time and headache when it comes to designing an image analysis strategy." +msgstr "" +"Les spécificités de votre flux de travail dépendent de votre question " +"biologique. Ci-dessous, nous présentons quelques types courants d'analyse " +"pour les expériences de microscopie à fluorescence. Pour chacun, nous " +"expliquerons les idées clés à comprendre avant de commencer, les pièges " +"courants et des liens vers quelques ressources clés pour en savoir plus. " +"Nous vous encourageons à réfléchir à votre stratégie d'analyse avant même de" +" commencer la préparation des échantillons. Bien que cela ne soit pas " +"toujours possible, parler à un expert en analyse d'images de votre " +"plateforme locale ou poser une question sur le forum " +"[image.sc](https://image.sc) _avant de commencer_ peut vous faire gagner " +"beaucoup de temps et vous éviter des maux de tête lorsque il s'agit de " +"concevoir une stratégie d'analyse d'images." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:1 msgid "Resources for learning more" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Des ressources pour en savoir plus" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:7 msgid "**Resource Name**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Nom de la ressource**" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:8 msgid "**Link**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Lien**" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:9 msgid "**Brief description**" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Brève description**" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:10 msgid "🌐 Image.sc {cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Image.sc {cite}`Rueden2019-qp`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:11 msgid "[link](https://forum.image.sc/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://forum.image.sc/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:12 msgid "Discussion forum for bioimage analysis software" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Forum de discussion sur les logiciels d'analyse de bioimages" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:13 msgid "🌐 Peter Bankhead’s Intro to Bioimage Analysis" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Introduction de Peter Bankhead à l'analyse de bioimage" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:14 msgid "[link](https://bioimagebook.github.io/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://bioimagebook.github.io/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:15 msgid "" @@ -913,100 +1297,126 @@ msgid "" "questions/answers, exercises with Python and ImageJ, and videos to check " "understanding" msgstr "" +"Guide pour les débutants absolus en analyse d'images, comprenant des " +"questions/réponses intégrées, des exercices avec Python et ImageJ, et des " +"vidéos pour vérifier la compréhension" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:16 msgid "📖 Bioimage Data Analysis {cite}`Miura2016-wq`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📖 Analyse des données Bioimage {cite}`Miura2016-wq`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:17 -msgid "[link](https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00050003/full/bioimagedataanalysis.pdf)" +msgid "" +"[link](https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00050003/full/bioimagedataanalysis.pdf)" msgstr "" +"[lien](https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00050003/full/bioimagedataanalysis.pdf)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:18 msgid "" "A free online textbook introducing various topics by Bioimage Analysis " "experts, edited by Kota Miura" msgstr "" +"Un manuel en ligne gratuit présentant divers sujets par des experts en " +"analyse de bioimage, édité par Kota Miura" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:19 msgid "📄 Reproducible image handling and analysis {cite}`Miura2021-mb`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "📄 Traitement et analyse d'images reproductibles {cite}`Miura2021-mb`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:20 msgid "[link](https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embj.2020105889)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embj.2020105889)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:21 msgid "" -"An article reviewing major pitfalls in image handling and how to avoid " -"them and create reproducible analysis workflows" +"An article reviewing major pitfalls in image handling and how to avoid them " +"and create reproducible analysis workflows" msgstr "" +"Un article passant en revue les principaux pièges de la gestion des images " +"et comment les éviter et créer des workflows d'analyse reproductibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:22 -msgid "📄 Made to measure: an introduction to quantification in microscopy data" +msgid "" +"📄 Made to measure: an introduction to quantification in microscopy data" msgstr "" +"📄 Sur mesure : une introduction à la quantification dans les données de " +"microscopie" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:23 msgid "[link](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01657#) {cite}`Culley2023-dj`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01657#) {cite}`Culley2023-dj`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:24 msgid "" "An article describing several common classes of measurements made in " "microscopy data, as well as technical factors that may affect the results" msgstr "" +"Un article décrivant plusieurs classes courantes de mesures effectuées dans " +"les données de microscopie, ainsi que les facteurs techniques pouvant " +"affecter les résultats" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:25 msgid "🌐 Metrics Reloaded" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Métriques rechargées" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:26 msgid "[link](https://metrics-reloaded.dkfz.de/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://metrics-reloaded.dkfz.de/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:27 msgid "" "An interactive guide to choosing the right metric for your scientific " "question" msgstr "" +"Un guide interactif pour choisir la bonne métrique pour votre question " +"scientifique" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:28 msgid "" "📄 A Hitchhiker's guide through the bio-image analysis software universe " "{cite}`Haase2022-ad`" msgstr "" +"📄 Un guide de l'auto-stoppeur à travers l'univers du logiciel d'analyse " +"d'images bio {cite}`Haase2022-ad`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:29 -msgid "[link](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" +msgid "" +"[link](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" msgstr "" +"[lien](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:30 msgid "" -"An article that gives guidance and a glossary of available image analysis" -" software and packages" +"An article that gives guidance and a glossary of available image analysis " +"software and packages" msgstr "" +"Un article qui donne des conseils et un glossaire des logiciels et packages " +"d'analyse d'images disponibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:31 msgid "🌐 BioImage Informatics Index" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Index informatique BioImage" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:32 msgid "[link](https://biii.eu/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://biii.eu/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:33 msgid "" "Repository platform for searching bioimage analysis tools and workflows " "based on the problem, method or software of choice" msgstr "" +"Plateforme de référentiel pour la recherche d'outils d'analyse d'images " +"biographiques et de flux de travail en fonction du problème, de la méthode " +"ou du logiciel de choix" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:34 msgid "🎥 iBiology Bioimage Analysis video series" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🎥 Série de vidéos iBiology Bioimage Analysis" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:35 msgid "[link](https://youtu.be/1xo4vi6Ub4I)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://youtu.be/1xo4vi6Ub4I)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:36 msgid "" @@ -1014,148 +1424,189 @@ msgid "" "{term}`image processing`, {term}`segmentation`, tracking, making and " "interpreting measurements, tips and pitfalls" msgstr "" +"Série de vidéos présentant l'analyse Bioimage, y compris des aperçus du " +"traitement d'images {term}, de la segmentation {term}, du suivi, de la " +"réalisation et de l'interprétation des mesures, des conseils et des pièges" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:37 msgid "🌐 Bioimage ANalysis Desktop (BAND)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Bureau d'Analyse Bioimage (BAND)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:38 msgid "[link](https://band.embl.de)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://band.embl.de)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:39 msgid "" "Access to virtual desktops allowing access to bioimage analysis software " "from a browser" msgstr "" +"Accès à des bureaux virtuels permettant d'accéder à un logiciel d'analyse de" +" bioimages à partir d'un navigateur" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:40 msgid "🌐 Galaxy Imaging Node" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Nœud d'imagerie Galaxy" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:41 msgid "[link](https://imaging.usegalaxy.eu/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://imaging.usegalaxy.eu/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:42 msgid "" -"A Galaxy node prepopulated with a number of open-source image analysis " -"tools and workflows, making it easy to create and share reproducible FAIR" -" workflows" +"A Galaxy node prepopulated with a number of open-source image analysis tools" +" and workflows, making it easy to create and share reproducible FAIR " +"workflows" msgstr "" +"Un nœud Galaxy prérempli avec un certain nombre d'outils d'analyse d'images " +"et de flux de travail open source, ce qui facilite la création et le partage" +" de flux de travail FAIR reproductibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:43 msgid "🌐 Image Analysis Training Resources" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Ressources de formation à l'analyse d'images" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:44 msgid "[link](https://neubias.github.io/training-resources/index.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://neubias.github.io/training-resources/index.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:45 msgid "" -"Image analysis traning resources collected by NEUBIAS, styled based on " -"The Carpentries" +"Image analysis traning resources collected by NEUBIAS, styled based on The " +"Carpentries" msgstr "" +"Ressources de formation à l'analyse d'images collectées par NEUBIAS, " +"stylisées d'après The Carpentries" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:46 msgid "🌐 Bioimage Analysis AwesomeList" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Analyse Bioimage AwesomeList" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:47 msgid "[link](https://github.com/hallvaaw/awesome-biological-image-analysis)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://github.com/hallvaaw/awesome-biological-image-analysis)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:48 msgid "" "A curated [AwesomeList](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome) of " "resources related to bioimage analysis" msgstr "" +"Une [AwesomeList](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome) organisée de " +"ressources liées à l'analyse de bioimages" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:49 msgid "🌐 Bioimage Analysis Notebooks" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 Cahiers d'analyse Bioimage" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:50 msgid "[link](https://haesleinhuepf.github.io/BioImageAnalysisNotebooks/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "[lien](https://haesleinhuepf.github.io/BioImageAnalysisNotebooks/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Resources.md:51 msgid "" "A collection of Python Jupyter notebooks for BioImageAnalysis, GPU-" "accelerated image processing, bio-image data science and more" msgstr "" +"Une collection de blocs-notes Python Jupyter pour BioImageAnalysis, le " +"traitement d'images accéléré par GPU, la science des données bio-image et " +"plus encore" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:1 msgid "Size and Shape measurements" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Mesures de taille et de forme" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:3 msgid "What are size measurements?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Quelles sont les mesures de taille?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:4 msgid "" -"Size measurements describe the dimensions of objects in your image. " -"Common size measurements include:" +"Size measurements describe the dimensions of objects in your image. Common " +"size measurements include:" msgstr "" +"Les mesures de taille décrivent les dimensions des objets dans votre image. " +"Les mesures de taille courantes incluent :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:6 msgid "" "**Area**: the 2D space an object takes up in the image or the 3D surface " "area of an object" msgstr "" +"**Zone** : l'espace 2D occupé par un objet dans l'image ou la surface 3D " +"d'un objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:7 msgid "**Volume**: the 3D space an object takes up in a 3D image" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Volume** : l'espace 3D occupé par un objet dans une image 3D" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:8 msgid "**Perimeter**: the distance around the edge of an object" -msgstr "" +msgstr "**Périmètre** : la distance autour du bord d'un objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:10 msgid "What are shape measurements?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Que sont les mesures de forme ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:11 msgid "" "Shape measurements describe the 2D or 3D form of objects in our sample. " "Common shape measurements include:" msgstr "" +"Les mesures de forme décrivent la forme 2D ou 3D des objets de notre " +"échantillon. Les mesures de forme courantes incluent :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:13 msgid "" -"**Circularity**: How round vs. elongated an object is. Formally defined " -"as $circularity = 4pi*{area}/{perimeter}^2$ where 1 is a perfect circle " -"and circularity <1 is a more elongated polygon." +"**Circularity**: How round vs. elongated an object is. Formally defined as " +"$circularity = 4pi*{area}/{perimeter}^2$ where 1 is a perfect circle and " +"circularity <1 is a more elongated polygon." msgstr "" +"**Circularité** : mesure dans laquelle un objet est rond ou allongé. " +"Formellement défini comme $circularity = 4pi*{area}/{perimeter}^2$ où 1 est " +"un cercle parfait et circularity <1 est un polygone plus allongé." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:14 msgid "" -"**Solidity**: how dense vs. wispy/holey an object is. Formally defined as" -" $solidity = area/convex area$ where _convex area_ is akin to the area " -"inside a shape formed by stretching a rubber band around the object." +"**Solidity**: how dense vs. wispy/holey an object is. Formally defined as " +"$solidity = area/convex area$ where _convex area_ is akin to the area inside" +" a shape formed by stretching a rubber band around the object." msgstr "" +"**Solidité** : la densité d'un objet par rapport à sa forme " +"vaporeuse/trouée. Formellement défini comme $solidité = aire/aire convexe$ " +"où _aire convexe_ s'apparente à l'aire à l'intérieur d'une forme formée en " +"étirant un élastique autour de l'objet." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:20 msgid "" "After segmenting an image to locate the pixels belonging to different " "objects, morphology can be measured readily in many image analysis " -"softwares, like FIJI and CellProfiler. For example, in {term}`Fiji`, " -"after identifying your objects as {term}`ROIs`, be sure to **Analyze > " -"Set Measurements…** and select “Shape Descriptors” then simply measure " -"your {term}`ROIs` with **Analyze > Measure**. In CellProfiler, this is " +"softwares, like FIJI and CellProfiler. For example, in {term}`Fiji`, after " +"identifying your objects as {term}`ROIs`, be sure to **Analyze > Set " +"Measurements…** and select “Shape Descriptors” then simply measure your " +"{term}`ROIs` with **Analyze > Measure**. In CellProfiler, this is " "accomplished using the module MeasureObjectSizeShape." msgstr "" +"Après avoir segmenté une image pour localiser les pixels appartenant à " +"différents objets, la morphologie peut être mesurée facilement dans de " +"nombreux logiciels d'analyse d'images, comme FIJI et CellProfiler. Par " +"exemple, dans {term}`Fiji`, après avoir identifié vos objets comme " +"{term}`ROIs`, assurez-vous de **Analyser> Définir les mesures…** et " +"sélectionnez «Descripteurs de forme», puis mesurez simplement vos " +"{term}`ROIs` avec **Analyser> Mesure**. Dans CellProfiler, cela s'effectue à" +" l'aide du module MeasureObjectSizeShape." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:25 msgid "" "**Not understanding the limitations of your images**. All biological " -"structures are 3D, but we often analyze 2D images. Often this is still " -"very useful! But the larger and more complex your objects (e.g., neurons " -"in a tissue section), the more limited a 2D view becomes." +"structures are 3D, but we often analyze 2D images. Often this is still very " +"useful! But the larger and more complex your objects (e.g., neurons in a " +"tissue section), the more limited a 2D view becomes." msgstr "" +"**Ne pas comprendre les limites de vos images**. Toutes les structures " +"biologiques sont en 3D, mais nous analysons souvent des images en 2D. Cela " +"reste souvent très utile ! Mais plus vos objets sont grands et complexes " +"(par exemple, des neurones dans une section de tissu), plus une vue 2D " +"devient limitée." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:26 msgid "" @@ -1164,6 +1615,11 @@ msgid "" "measuring 3D images, be sure to take into account the z-step, which is " "likely larger than the xy pixel size." msgstr "" +"** À défaut d'utiliser des unités calibrées **. Assurez-vous de calibrer " +"correctement vos images et de présenter les mesures finales en microns (ou " +"unités similaires). Si vous mesurez des images 3D, assurez-vous de prendre " +"en compte le pas z, qui est probablement plus grand que la taille de pixel " +"xy." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:31 msgid "" @@ -1172,56 +1628,87 @@ msgid "" "Abnormalities](https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/3/347/htm) " "{cite}`Janssen2022-bm`" msgstr "" +"📄 [Méthodes et pipelines actuels pour la quantification basée sur l'image de" +" la forme nucléaire et des anomalies de l'enveloppe nucléaire] " +"(https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/3/347/htm) {cite}`Janssen2022-bm`" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:32 msgid "" -"🌐 [Description of morphological measurements made by CellProfiler](https" -"://cellprofiler-" +"🌐 [Description of morphological measurements made by " +"CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" "manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/modules/measurement.html#id20)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Description des mesures morphologiques réalisées par " +"CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler-" +"manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/modules/measurement.html#id20)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Shape.md:33 msgid "" -"🎓 [Plain language description of various morphological measures by " -"Michael " +"🎓 [Plain language description of various morphological measures by Michael " "Wirth](http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/micro2/content/education/wirth10.pdf)" msgstr "" +"🎓 [Description en langage clair de diverses mesures morphologiques par " +"Michael " +"Wirth](http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/micro2/content/education/wirth10.pdf)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:1 msgid "Open source software" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Logiciels open source" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:5 msgid "" "When it comes time to select a software program for your image analysis, " -"there are many options, some more general and others highly specialized " -"to specific image modalities or types of experiments. In general, a good " -"place to start exploring is by examining papers in your field and seeing " -"what others have used to analyze similar experiments to your own. It’s " -"important to note that there isn’t one correct answer to \"Which program " -"should I use?\" Depending on your biological question, your images, and " -"your own comfort with coding, there are many options available." -msgstr "" +"there are many options, some more general and others highly specialized to " +"specific image modalities or types of experiments. In general, a good place " +"to start exploring is by examining papers in your field and seeing what " +"others have used to analyze similar experiments to your own. It’s important " +"to note that there isn’t one correct answer to \"Which program should I " +"use?\" Depending on your biological question, your images, and your own " +"comfort with coding, there are many options available." +msgstr "" +"Lorsque vient le temps de sélectionner un logiciel pour votre analyse " +"d'image, il existe de nombreuses options, certaines plus générales et " +"d'autres hautement spécialisées pour des modalités d'image ou des types " +"d'expériences spécifiques. En général, un bon endroit pour commencer à " +"explorer est d'examiner des articles dans votre domaine et de voir ce que " +"d'autres ont utilisé pour analyser des expériences similaires aux vôtres. Il" +" est important de noter qu'il n'y a pas une seule réponse correcte à \"Quel " +"programme dois-je utiliser ?\" En fonction de votre question biologique, de " +"vos images et de votre propre confort avec le codage, de nombreuses options " +"sont disponibles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:7 msgid "" "Below, we summarize the use-cases and limitations of some of the most " -"common, free and open-source software for image analysis, this is a small" -" list and more extensive ones exist like the [A Hitchhiker's guide " -"through the bio-image analysis software " +"common, free and open-source software for image analysis, this is a small " +"list and more extensive ones exist like the [A Hitchhiker's guide through " +"the bio-image analysis software " "universe](https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451)" -" {cite}`Haase2022-ad` and the [BioImage Informatics " -"Index](https://biii.eu) {cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`." +" {cite}`Haase2022-ad` and the [BioImage Informatics Index](https://biii.eu) " +"{cite}`Paul-Gilloteaux2021-vw`." msgstr "" +"Ci-dessous, nous résumons les cas d'utilisation et les limites de certains " +"des logiciels les plus courants, gratuits et open-source pour l'analyse " +"d'images, il s'agit d'une petite liste et des plus complètes existent comme " +"le [A Hitchhiker's guide through the bio-image analysis software universel] " +"(https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.14451) " +"{cite}`Haase2022-ad` et [l'index informatique BioImage](https://biii.eu) " +"{cite}`Paul -Gilloteaux2021-vw`." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:9 msgid "" -"Whatever software you choose, be sure to include a detailed description " -"of your analysis in your methods, with pipeline or workflow files if " -"possible, so others can reproduce your work. Also be sure to cite the " -"analysis software you use! This helps developers of the software get " -"grant funding and helps others find useful tools." +"Whatever software you choose, be sure to include a detailed description of " +"your analysis in your methods, with pipeline or workflow files if possible, " +"so others can reproduce your work. Also be sure to cite the analysis " +"software you use! This helps developers of the software get grant funding " +"and helps others find useful tools." msgstr "" +"Quel que soit le logiciel que vous choisissez, assurez-vous d'inclure une " +"description détaillée de votre analyse dans vos méthodes, avec des fichiers " +"de pipeline ou de flux de travail si possible, afin que d'autres puissent " +"reproduire votre travail. Veillez également à citer le logiciel d'analyse " +"que vous utilisez ! Cela aide les développeurs du logiciel à obtenir des " +"subventions et aide les autres à trouver des outils utiles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:17 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:26 @@ -1233,110 +1720,149 @@ msgstr "" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:80 #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:89 msgid "card-img-top" -msgstr "" +msgstr "carte-img-top" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "ImageJ" -msgstr "" +msgstr "ImageJ" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:21 msgid "" "[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) is an imaging processing program that is " -"capable of operating on a variety of images including multichannel, 3D " -"and time series. It provides basic imaging processing operations and has " -"a variety of plugins for more complex tasks. [Read " -"more...](content/imagej)" +"capable of operating on a variety of images including multichannel, 3D and " +"time series. It provides basic imaging processing operations and has a " +"variety of plugins for more complex tasks. [Read more...](content/imagej)" msgstr "" +"[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/) est un programme de traitement d'images " +"capable de fonctionner sur une variété d'images, y compris multicanaux, 3D " +"et séries chronologiques. Il fournit des opérations de traitement d'image de" +" base et dispose d'une variété de plug-ins pour des tâches plus complexes. " +"[Lire la suite...](contenu/imagej)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "CellProfiler" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Cell Profiler" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:30 msgid "" -"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) was designed with the idea of " -"an image analysis pipeline in mind; it allows you to take a series of " -"interoperable modules to design your own custom analysis pipeline that " -"can be applied to one or thousands of images, making it suitable for high" -" throughput image analysis. [Read more...](content/cellprofiler)" +"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) was designed with the idea of an " +"image analysis pipeline in mind; it allows you to take a series of " +"interoperable modules to design your own custom analysis pipeline that can " +"be applied to one or thousands of images, making it suitable for high " +"throughput image analysis. [Read more...](content/cellprofiler)" msgstr "" +"[CellProfiler](https://cellprofiler.org/) a été conçu avec l'idée d'un " +"pipeline d'analyse d'images à l'esprit ; il vous permet de prendre une série" +" de modules interopérables pour concevoir votre propre pipeline d'analyse " +"personnalisé qui peut être appliqué à une ou des milliers d'images, ce qui " +"le rend adapté à l'analyse d'images à haut débit. [Lire la " +"suite...](content/cellprofiler)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "QuPath" -msgstr "" +msgstr "QuPath" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:39 msgid "" "[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) offers a wide set of image analysis " -"tools that can be applied to whole slide images like pathology images, " -"but it can be used with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel " +"tools that can be applied to whole slide images like pathology images, but " +"it can be used with other images as well. QuPath also contains pixel " "classification tools and can integrate with ImageJ. [Read " "more...](content/qupath)" msgstr "" +"[QuPath](https://qupath.github.io/) offre un large éventail d'outils " +"d'analyse d'images qui peuvent être appliqués à des images de diapositives " +"entières comme des images de pathologie, mais il peut également être utilisé" +" avec d'autres images. QuPath contient également des outils de " +"classification de pixels et peut s'intégrer à ImageJ. [Lire la " +"suite...](contenu/qupath)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "Icy" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Glacé" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:48 msgid "" -"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) is an out of the box image " -"analysis tools, it utilizes plugins to create visual image analysis " -"protocols that can be shared with other users. [Read " -"more...](content/icy)" +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) is an out of the box image analysis" +" tools, it utilizes plugins to create visual image analysis protocols that " +"can be shared with other users. [Read more...](content/icy)" msgstr "" +"[Icy](https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/) est un outil d'analyse d'images " +"prêt à l'emploi, il utilise des plugins pour créer des protocoles d'analyse " +"d'images visuelles qui peuvent être partagés avec d'autres utilisateurs. " +"[Lire la suite...](contenu/glacé)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "MIB" -msgstr "" +msgstr "MIB" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:57 msgid "" "[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) is a user-friendly software for " "image analysis of multidimensional datasets for both light and electron " -"microscopy. It allows you to use the whole acquired data for its analysis" -" and extraction of morphological features. [Read more...](content/mib)" +"microscopy. It allows you to use the whole acquired data for its analysis " +"and extraction of morphological features. [Read more...](content/mib)" msgstr "" +"[MIB](http://mib.helsinki.fi/index.html) est un logiciel convivial pour " +"l'analyse d'images d'ensembles de données multidimensionnelles pour la " +"microscopie optique et électronique. Il vous permet d'utiliser l'ensemble " +"des données acquises pour son analyse et l'extraction de caractéristiques " +"morphologiques. [Lire la suite...](contenu/mib)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "napari" -msgstr "" +msgstr "napari" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:66 msgid "" "[napari](https://napari.org/) is being developed as a multi-dimensional " -"image viewer that can be expanded via a variety of plugins to perform " -"basic and complex image analysis tasks. [Read more...](content/napari)" +"image viewer that can be expanded via a variety of plugins to perform basic " +"and complex image analysis tasks. [Read more...](content/napari)" msgstr "" +"[napari](https://napari.org/) est en cours de développement en tant que " +"visualiseur d'images multidimensionnel qui peut être étendu via une variété " +"de plug-ins pour effectuer des tâches d'analyse d'images de base et " +"complexes. [Lire la suite...](contenu/napari)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "Cellpose" -msgstr "" +msgstr "pose de cellule" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:75 msgid "" -"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) is a {term}`segmentation` " -"algorithm, it provides a graphical user interface that allows users to " -"use trained models or train their own using their images and annotations." -" [Read more...](content/cellpose)" +"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) is a {term}`segmentation` algorithm, " +"it provides a graphical user interface that allows users to use trained " +"models or train their own using their images and annotations. [Read " +"more...](content/cellpose)" msgstr "" +"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) est un algorithme de \"segmentation\" " +"{term}, il fournit une interface utilisateur graphique qui permet aux " +"utilisateurs d'utiliser des modèles formés ou de former les leurs en " +"utilisant leurs images et leurs annotations. [Lire la " +"suite...](content/cellpose)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "ilastik" -msgstr "" +msgstr "ilastik" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:84 msgid "" "[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) is a tool for interactive image " "classification, {term}`segmentation` and analysis. It leverages machine-" -"learning algorithms to perform pixel and object-level classification. " -"Using it requires no experience in {term}`image processing`. [Read " +"learning algorithms to perform pixel and object-level classification. Using " +"it requires no experience in {term}`image processing`. [Read " "more...](content/ilastik)" msgstr "" +"[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) est un outil interactif de " +"classification, de segmentation et d'analyse d'images. Il exploite des " +"algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique pour effectuer une classification au" +" niveau des pixels et des objets. Son utilisation ne nécessite aucune " +"expérience en {term}`traitement d'image`. [Lire la " +"suite...](contenu/ilastik)" -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:0 msgid "Piximi" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Piximi" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Software.md:93 msgid "" @@ -1344,64 +1870,86 @@ msgid "" "classification that runs entirely from your browser and requires no " "installation and minimal setup. [Read more...](content/piximi)" msgstr "" +"[Piximi](https://www.piximi.app/) est une application d'annotation et de " +"classification qui s'exécute entièrement depuis votre navigateur et ne " +"nécessite aucune installation ni configuration minimale. [Lire la " +"suite...](content/piximi)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:1 msgid "Specific Use Software" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Logiciel à usage spécifique" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:3 msgid "" -"Tools on this page tend to be extremely good at certain tasks, but are " -"less intended for a wide range of use cases. For tools with broader areas" -" of focus, see the [General Use Software](./GeneralUseSoftware.md) page." +"Tools on this page tend to be extremely good at certain tasks, but are less " +"intended for a wide range of use cases. For tools with broader areas of " +"focus, see the [General Use Software](./GeneralUseSoftware.md) page." msgstr "" +"Les outils de cette page ont tendance à être extrêmement bons pour certaines" +" tâches, mais sont moins destinés à un large éventail de cas d'utilisation. " +"Pour les outils avec des domaines d'intérêt plus larges, consultez la page " +"[Logiciels à usage général](./GeneralUseSoftware.md)." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:6 msgid "" -" Cellpose" +"\"logo\" Cellpose" msgstr "" +" Pose de cellule" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:8 msgid "" "[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) {cite}`Stringer2021-uq` is a " -"{term}`segmentation` algorithm, it provides a graphical user interface " -"that allows users to use trained models or train their own using their " -"images and annotations." +"{term}`segmentation` algorithm, it provides a graphical user interface that " +"allows users to use trained models or train their own using their images and" +" annotations." msgstr "" +"[Cellpose](https://www.cellpose.org/) {cite}`Stringer2021-uq` est un " +"algorithme de segmentation {term}, il fournit une interface utilisateur " +"graphique qui permet aux utilisateurs d'utiliser des modèles formés ou de " +"former les leurs en utilisant leur images et annotations." -#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md +#: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:0 msgid "What type of image analysis problem is it best at?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "À quel type de problème d'analyse d'image convient-il le mieux ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:13 msgid "" "Object {term}`segmentation`, most trained models are for cell " -"{term}`segmentation` but could be applied to segment other similar " -"objects" +"{term}`segmentation` but could be applied to segment other similar objects" msgstr "" +"Objet {term}`segmentation`, la plupart des modèles formés sont pour la " +"cellule {term}`segmentation` mais pourraient être appliqués pour segmenter " +"d'autres objets similaires" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:20 msgid "Its use requires some computational knowledge." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Son utilisation nécessite des connaissances informatiques." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:21 msgid "" -"Training a new model requires manual annotation correction that can be " -"time consuming, but is likely less time consuming than other methods of " -"training models." +"Training a new model requires manual annotation correction that can be time " +"consuming, but is likely less time consuming than other methods of training " +"models." msgstr "" +"La formation d'un nouveau modèle nécessite une correction manuelle des " +"annotations qui peut prendre du temps, mais qui prend probablement moins de " +"temps que d'autres méthodes de formation de modèles." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:28 msgid "" "🌐 [Installation " "instructions](https://cellpose.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Instructions d'installation] " +"(https://cellpose.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:29 msgid "🎥 [How to use tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qANHWoubZU)" msgstr "" +"🎥 [Tutoriel d'utilisation] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qANHWoubZU)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:33 msgid "" @@ -1409,15 +1957,22 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/original/3X/9/f/9f5be5e138c63bc6a50be0bb0027b8eef0194935.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> ilastik" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" ilastik" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:35 msgid "" "[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) {cite}`Berg2019-no` is a tool for " "interactive image classification, {term}`segmentation` and analysis. It " "leverages machine-learning algorithms to perform pixel and object-level " -"classification. Using it requires no experience in {term}`image " -"processing`." +"classification. Using it requires no experience in {term}`image processing`." msgstr "" +"[ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/) {cite}`Berg2019-no` est un outil de " +"classification interactive d'images, {term}`segmentation` et d'analyse. Il " +"exploite des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique pour effectuer une " +"classification au niveau des pixels et des objets. Son utilisation ne " +"nécessite aucune expérience en {term}`traitement d'image`." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:40 msgid "" @@ -1426,32 +1981,44 @@ msgid "" "tracking, though with somewhat fewer tunable parameters than some other " "tools offer." msgstr "" +"Il peut être utilisé à la fois pour l'instance {term}`segmentation` et pour " +"la sémantique {term}`segmentation`. Il effectue également une " +"\"segmentation\" et un suivi, mais avec un peu moins de paramètres réglables" +" que certains autres outils." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:47 msgid "" -"Sometimes loading or exporting images can require a bit of " -"troubleshooting to get the dimensions correct." +"Sometimes loading or exporting images can require a bit of troubleshooting " +"to get the dimensions correct." msgstr "" +"Parfois, le chargement ou l'exportation d'images peut nécessiter un peu de " +"dépannage pour obtenir les dimensions correctes." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:48 msgid "" -"ilastik is limited by your computer’s RAM so training a model with lots " -"of features or working with very large images is likely to slow you down." +"ilastik is limited by your computer’s RAM so training a model with lots of " +"features or working with very large images is likely to slow you down." msgstr "" +"ilastik est limité par la RAM de votre ordinateur, donc l'entraînement d'un " +"modèle avec de nombreuses fonctionnalités ou le travail avec de très grandes" +" images risque de vous ralentir." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:53 msgid "To download ilastik:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pour télécharger ilastik :" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:57 msgid "🌐 [ilastik download ](https://www.ilastik.org/download.html)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [téléchargement ilastik](https://www.ilastik.org/download.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:63 msgid "" "🌐 [User guide](https://www.ilastik.org/documentation/index.html#user-" "documentation)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Guide " +"d'utilisation](https://www.ilastik.org/documentation/index.html#user-" +"documentation)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:67 msgid "" @@ -1459,6 +2026,9 @@ msgid "" "cdn.com/business4/uploads/imagej/original/3X/3/f/3fe4d974194caabdb61a5574e24402db8484ab9b.png\"" " alt=\"logo\" width=\"30px\"> Piximi" msgstr "" +" \"logo\" Piximi" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:70 msgid "" @@ -1466,146 +2036,192 @@ msgid "" "classification that runs entirely from your browser and requires no " "installation and minimal setup." msgstr "" +"[Piximi](https://www.piximi.app/) est une application d'annotation et de " +"classification qui s'exécute entièrement depuis votre navigateur et ne " +"nécessite aucune installation ni configuration minimale." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:75 msgid "Piximi can do image classification using machine learning" msgstr "" +"Piximi peut effectuer une classification d'images à l'aide de " +"l'apprentissage automatique" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:82 msgid "" -"It is still in the developing phases and some of its proposed features " -"are not available yet" +"It is still in the developing phases and some of its proposed features are " +"not available yet" msgstr "" +"Il est encore en phase de développement et certaines de ses fonctionnalités " +"proposées ne sont pas encore disponibles" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:89 msgid "🌐 [Piximi website ](https://www.piximi.app/)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "🌐 [Site Piximi ](https://www.piximi.app/)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/SpecificUseSoftware.md:90 msgid "🌐 [Piximi user guide ](https://documentation.piximi.app/intro.html)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Guide d'utilisation Piximi](https://documentation.piximi.app/intro.html)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:1 msgid "Object tracking" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Suivi d'objet" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:3 msgid "What is tracking?" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Qu'est-ce que le suivi ?" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:4 msgid "" "Tracking, or _object tracking_, refers to the ability to estimate the " "location of objects in motion from one frame of video to the next. " -"Practically, object tracking in microscopy involves identifying your " -"objects in each frame of your video, then relating objects from frame to " -"frame to be able to identify the same cell as it moves in space." +"Practically, object tracking in microscopy involves identifying your objects" +" in each frame of your video, then relating objects from frame to frame to " +"be able to identify the same cell as it moves in space." msgstr "" +"Le suivi, ou _suivi d'objets_, fait référence à la capacité d'estimer " +"l'emplacement d'objets en mouvement d'une image vidéo à la suivante. " +"Pratiquement, le suivi d'objets en microscopie consiste à identifier vos " +"objets dans chaque image de votre vidéo, puis à relier les objets d'une " +"image à l'autre pour pouvoir identifier la même cellule lorsqu'elle se " +"déplace dans l'espace." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:10 msgid "" "There are several options for tracking objects, like the " -"[TrackMate](https://imagej.net/plugins/trackmate/) {cite}`Tinevez2017-fb`" -" plugin in Fiji, but tracking is somewhat more complex to setup than the " -"previous analyses. In addition to just identifying objects in the " -"movie/time series, tracking also allows you to identify splitting (e.g. " -"mitosis) and merging events. There are many measurements that come out of" -" tracking, including spatial measures like where the objects move to, " -"speed measurements, distance traveled (length of track), and rate of " -"splitting events (e.g., mitotic events) and merging events." -msgstr "" +"[TrackMate](https://imagej.net/plugins/trackmate/) {cite}`Tinevez2017-fb` " +"plugin in Fiji, but tracking is somewhat more complex to setup than the " +"previous analyses. In addition to just identifying objects in the movie/time" +" series, tracking also allows you to identify splitting (e.g. mitosis) and " +"merging events. There are many measurements that come out of tracking, " +"including spatial measures like where the objects move to, speed " +"measurements, distance traveled (length of track), and rate of splitting " +"events (e.g., mitotic events) and merging events." +msgstr "" +"Il existe plusieurs options pour le suivi des objets, comme le plug-in " +"[TrackMate](https://imagej.net/plugins/trackmate/) {cite}`Tinevez2017-fb` " +"aux Fidji, mais le suivi est un peu plus complexe à configurer que les " +"analyses précédentes. En plus d'identifier simplement les objets dans le " +"film/la série chronologique, le suivi vous permet également d'identifier les" +" événements de fractionnement (par exemple, la mitose) et de fusion. De " +"nombreuses mesures découlent du suivi, y compris des mesures spatiales " +"telles que l'endroit où les objets se déplacent, les mesures de vitesse, la " +"distance parcourue (longueur de la piste) et le taux d'événements de " +"fractionnement (par exemple, les événements mitotiques) et les événements de" +" fusion." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:15 msgid "" "**Poor {term}`segmentation`** If objects are dropping out from frame to " "frame, this makes it more difficult to track them over time. Accurate " -"{term}`segmentation` is the foundation of good tracking results. This can" -" become more difficult if your objects are also changing in shape or " -"intensity (due to things such as bleaching) over the course of the video." -" It’s important to find a {term}`segmentation` strategy that can work " -"well across your frames." -msgstr "" +"{term}`segmentation` is the foundation of good tracking results. This can " +"become more difficult if your objects are also changing in shape or " +"intensity (due to things such as bleaching) over the course of the video. " +"It’s important to find a {term}`segmentation` strategy that can work well " +"across your frames." +msgstr "" +"**Mauvaise {term}`segmentation`** Si les objets tombent d'une image à " +"l'autre, cela rend plus difficile leur suivi dans le temps. Une " +"\"segmentation\" précise {term} est la base de bons résultats de suivi. Cela" +" peut devenir plus difficile si vos objets changent également de forme ou " +"d'intensité (en raison de facteurs tels que le blanchiment) au cours de la " +"vidéo. Il est important de trouver une stratégie de \"segmentation\" {term} " +"qui peut bien fonctionner sur toutes vos images." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:16 msgid "" -"**Inadequate frame rate** If objects are highly dynamic but the images " -"were not taken at a high frequency, tracking can be difficult because " -"objects might have moved too much for the algorithm to relate them from " -"one frame to the next. It is important to match the image acquisition " -"frequency to how dynamic your cells or objects are." +"**Inadequate frame rate** If objects are highly dynamic but the images were " +"not taken at a high frequency, tracking can be difficult because objects " +"might have moved too much for the algorithm to relate them from one frame to" +" the next. It is important to match the image acquisition frequency to how " +"dynamic your cells or objects are." msgstr "" +"** Fréquence d'images inadéquate ** Si les objets sont très dynamiques mais " +"que les images n'ont pas été prises à une fréquence élevée, le suivi peut " +"être difficile car les objets peuvent avoir trop bougé pour que l'algorithme" +" puisse les relier d'une image à l'autre. Il est important de faire " +"correspondre la fréquence d'acquisition des images à la dynamique de vos " +"cellules ou objets." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:22 msgid "" "📄 [Computerized Cell " "Tracking](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468502X20300711)" msgstr "" +"📄 [Suivi informatisé des " +"cellules](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468502X20300711)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/Tracking.md:23 msgid "" -"🌐 [TrackMate Manual](https://imagej.net/media/plugins/trackmate" -"/trackmate-manual.pdf)" +"🌐 [TrackMate Manual](https://imagej.net/media/plugins/trackmate/trackmate-" +"manual.pdf)" msgstr "" +"🌐 [Manuel TrackMate](https://imagej.net/media/plugins/trackmate/trackmate-" +"manual.pdf)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:1 msgid "Common pitfalls" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pièges courants" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:3 msgid "" -"In addition to the mistakes we summarize for common image analysis tasks," -" here we present a general list of common mistakes for beginners to image" -" analysis. For each, we explain why this is a problem and make " -"suggestions for how to avoid these issues." +"In addition to the mistakes we summarize for common image analysis tasks, " +"here we present a general list of common mistakes for beginners to image " +"analysis. For each, we explain why this is a problem and make suggestions " +"for how to avoid these issues." msgstr "" +"En plus des erreurs que nous résumons pour les tâches courantes d'analyse " +"d'images, nous présentons ici une liste générale des erreurs courantes pour " +"les débutants en analyse d'images. Pour chacun, nous expliquons pourquoi il " +"s'agit d'un problème et faisons des suggestions pour éviter ces problèmes." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:5 msgid "Changing your image bit depth" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Modification de la profondeur de bit de votre image" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:7 msgid "" -"Let's say you've opened your image in {term}`Fiji` and you want to " -"process it in some way (e.g., maximum intensity projection, splitting " -"channels, etc.) before saving it out to measure somewhere else. You go to" -" `Image` > `Type` > `RGB (Color)` since you want a color image to import " -"into your next analysis software and then save the resulting image. " -"What's the problem with this? By making this change, even if the image " -"looks exactly the same to your eyes, you've actually inadvertently " -"changed the intensity values quite a bit! Let's take a look at an " -"example. In Fiji there are several built-in example images. Let's open " -"neuron.tif (you can follow along by going to `File` > `Open Samples...` >" -" `Neuron (5 channels)`." -msgstr "" +"Let's say you've opened your image in {term}`Fiji` and you want to process " +"it in some way (e.g., maximum intensity projection, splitting channels, " +"etc.) before saving it out to measure somewhere else. You go to `Image` > " +"`Type` > `RGB (Color)` since you want a color image to import into your next" +" analysis software and then save the resulting image. What's the problem " +"with this? By making this change, even if the image looks exactly the same " +"to your eyes, you've actually inadvertently changed the intensity values " +"quite a bit! Let's take a look at an example. In Fiji there are several " +"built-in example images. Let's open neuron.tif (you can follow along by " +"going to `File` > `Open Samples...` > `Neuron (5 channels)`." +msgstr "" +"Supposons que vous avez ouvert votre image dans {term}`Fiji` et que vous " +"souhaitez la traiter d'une manière ou d'une autre (par exemple, projection " +"d'intensité maximale, séparation des canaux, etc.) avant de l'enregistrer " +"pour la mesurer ailleurs. Vous allez dans `Image` > `Type` > `RGB (Couleur)`" +" car vous souhaitez importer une image couleur dans votre prochain logiciel " +"d'analyse, puis enregistrez l'image résultante. Quel est le problème avec ça" +" ? En effectuant ce changement, même si l'image est exactement la même à vos" +" yeux, vous avez en fait modifié un peu les valeurs d'intensité par " +"inadvertance ! Prenons un exemple. Aux Fidji, il existe plusieurs exemples " +"d'images intégrés. Ouvrons neuron.tif (vous pouvez suivre en allant dans " +"`File` > `Open Samples...` > `Neuron (5 channels)`." #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:9 msgid "" -"Here's how the image opens. There are 5 channels, but let's just look at " -"the first one: ![image](https://user-" +"Here's how the image opens. There are 5 channels, but let's just look at the" +" first one: ![image](https://user-" "images.githubusercontent.com/28116530/206793825-364998d4-6043-4b1d-8438-0a5b37b97232.png)" msgstr "" +"Voici comment l'image s'ouvre. Il y a 5 chaînes, mais regardons juste la " +"première : ![image](https://user-" +"images.githubusercontent.com/28116530/206793825-364998d4-6043-4b1d-8438-0a5b37b97232.png)" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Common_pitfalls.md:9 msgid "image" -msgstr "" +msgstr "image" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_processing.md:1 msgid "Image Processing" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Traitement d'image" #: ../../03_Image_analysis/_notinyet_Image_segmentation.md:1 msgid "Image Segmentation" -msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "As an example, it is possible for" -#~ " two people to work in the same" -#~ " building an never interact." -#~ msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "🌐 [CellProfiler user manual](https" -#~ "://cellprofiler-" -#~ "manual.s3.amazonaws.com/CellProfiler-4.2.4/index.html)" -#~ msgstr "" - +msgstr "Segmentation des images"