initialize class attributes and methods lab

.github/workflows/canvas-sync.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Sync with Canvas
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master, main]
+    paths:
+      - "README.md"
+
+jobs:
+  sync:
+    name: Sync with Canvas
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Set up Ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: 2.6
+
+      - name: Install github-to-canvas
+        run: gem install github-to-canvas
+
+      # Secret stored in learn-co-curriculum Settings/Secrets
+      - name: Sync from .canvas file
+        run: github-to-canvas -a -lr --forkable
+        env:
+          CANVAS_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CANVAS_API_KEY }}
+          CANVAS_API_PATH: ${{ secrets.CANVAS_API_PATH }}

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Contributing to Learn.co Curriculum
+
+We're really exited that you're about to contribute to the [open
+curriculum](https://learn.co/content-license) on [Learn.co](https://learn.co).
+If this is your first time contributing, please continue reading to learn how to
+make the most meaningful and useful impact possible.
+
+## Raising an Issue to Encourage a Contribution
+
+If you notice a problem with the curriculum that you believe needs improvement
+but you're unable to make the change yourself, you should raise a Github issue
+containing a clear description of the problem. Include relevant snippets of the
+content and/or screenshots if applicable. Curriculum owners regularly review
+issue lists and your issue will be prioritized and addressed as appropriate.
+
+## Submitting a Pull Request to Suggest an Improvement
+
+If you see an opportunity for improvement and can make the change yourself go
+ahead and use a typical git workflow to make it happen:
+
+- Fork this curriculum repository
+- Make the change on your fork, with descriptive commits in the standard format
+- Open a Pull Request against this repo
+
+A curriculum owner will review your change and approve or comment on it in due
+course.
+
+## Why Contribute?
+
+Curriculum on Learn is publicly and freely available under Learn's
+[Educational Content License](https://learn.co/content-license). By embracing an
+open-source contribution model, our goal is for the curriculum on Learn to
+become, in time, the best educational content the world has ever seen.
+
+We need help from the community of Learners to maintain and improve the
+educational content. Everything from fixing typos, to correcting out-dated
+information, to improving exposition, to adding better examples, to fixing
+tests—all contributions to making the curriculum more effective are welcome.

LICENSE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Learn.co Educational Content License
+
+Copyright (c) 2021 Flatiron School, Inc
+
+The Flatiron School, Inc. owns this Educational Content. However, the Flatiron
+School supports the development and availability of educational materials in the
+public domain. Therefore, the Flatiron School grants Users of the Flatiron
+Educational Content set forth in this repository certain rights to reuse, build
+upon and share such Educational Content subject to the terms of the Educational
+Content License set forth [here](http://learn.co/content-license)
+(http://learn.co/content-license). You must read carefully the terms and
+conditions contained in the Educational Content License as such terms govern
+access to and use of the Educational Content.
+
+Flatiron School is willing to allow you access to and use of the Educational
+Content only on the condition that you accept all of the terms and conditions
+contained in the Educational Content License set forth
+[here](http://learn.co/content-license) (http://learn.co/content-license). By
+accessing and/or using the Educational Content, you are agreeing to all of the
+terms and conditions contained in the Educational Content License. If you do not
+agree to any or all of the terms of the Educational Content License, you are
+prohibited from accessing, reviewing or using in any way the Educational
+Content.

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+# Class Attributes and Methods Lab
+
+## Learning Goals
+
+- Use class attributes and methods to write durable and powerful code.
+  - Store and access song data using class attributes and methods.
+- Accomplish complex programming tasks using knowledge from previous modules.
+
+***
+
+## Key Vocab
+
+- **Attribute**: variables that belong to an object.
+- **Constant**: variable whose value cannot be changed.
+- **Instance**: one specific working copy of a class. It is created when a
+  class's `__init__` method is called.
+- **Class**: a bundle of data and functionality. Can be copied and modified to
+  accomplish a wide variety of programming tasks.
+- **Static**: an attribute or method that cannot manipulate the class or
+  instance it belongs to.
+- **Exception**: an error that occurs during the execution of a program.
+  Exceptions can be anticipated and handled without disrupting the execution of
+  the program.
+
+***
+
+## Introduction
+
+In this lab, we'll be dealing with a `Song` class. The `Song` class can produce
+individual songs. Each song has a name, an artist and a genre. We need our
+`Song` class to be able to keep track of the number of songs that it creates.
+
+```ruby
+Song.count
+# => 30
+```
+
+We need our `Song` class to be able to show us all of the artists of existing
+songs:
+
+```ruby
+Song.artists
+# => ["Jay-Z", "Drake", "Beyonce"]
+```
+
+We need our `Song` class to be able to show us all of the genres of existing
+songs:
+
+```ruby
+Song.genres
+# => ["Rap", "Pop"]
+```
+
+We also need our `Song` class to be able to keep track of the number of songs of
+each genre it creates.
+
+In other words, calling:
+
+```ruby
+Song.genre_count
+```
+
+Should return something like this;
+
+```ruby
+{"rap" => 5, "rock" => 1, "country" => 3}
+```
+
+Lastly, we want our `Song` class to reveal to us the number of songs each artist
+is responsible for.
+
+```ruby
+Song.artist_count
+# => {"Beyonce" => 17, "Jay-Z" => 40}
+```
+
+We'll accomplish this with the use of **class variables** and **class methods**.
+
+## Instructions
+
+Define your `Song` class such that an individual song is initialized with a
+name, artist and genre.
+
+There should be an `attr_accessor` for those three attributes.
+
+```ruby
+ninety_nine_problems = Song.new("99 Problems", "Jay-Z", "rap")
+
+ninety_nine_problems.name
+# => "99 Problems"
+
+ninety_nine_problems.artist
+# => "Jay-Z"
+
+ninety_nine_problems.genre
+# => "rap"
+```
+
+Create a class variable, `@@count`. We will use this variable to keep track of
+the number of new songs that are created from the `Song` class. Set this
+variable equal to `0`.
+
+At what point should we increment our `@@count` of songs? Whenever a new song is
+created. Your `#initialize` method should use the `@@count` variable and
+increment the value of that variable by `1`.
+
+Next, define the following class methods:
+
+`Song.count`: returns the total number of songs created.
+
+`Song.genres`: returns an array of all of the genres of existing songs. This
+array should contain only _unique genres_ — no duplicates! Think about what
+you'll need to do to get this method working:
+
+- You'll need a class variable, let's call it `@@genres`, that is equal to an
+  empty array.
+- When should you add genres to the array? Whenever a new song is created.
+  Your `#initialize` method should add the genre of the song being created to
+  the `@@genres` array. All genres should be added to the array. Control for
+  duplicates when you code your `.genres` class method, not when you add
+  genres to the original `@@genres` array. We will want to know how many songs
+  of each genre have been created. We'll revisit that job a little later on.
+
+`Song.artists`: returns an array of all of the artists of the existing
+songs. This array should only contain unique artists––no repeats! Once again
+think about what you need to do to implement this behavior.
+
+- You'll need a class variable, let's call it `@@artists`, that is equal to an
+  empty array.
+- When should you add artists to this array? Whenever a new song is
+  initialized. Your `#initialize` method should add artists to the `@@artists`
+  array. All artists should be added to the array. Control for duplicates when
+  you code your `.artists` class method, not when you add artists to the
+  original `@@artists` array. We will want to know how many songs each have
+  been assigned to each artist. We'll revisit that job a little later on when
+  we write our `.artist_count` method.
+
+`Song.genre_count`: returns a hash in which the keys are the names of each
+genre. Each genre name key should point to a value that is the number of songs
+that have that genre.
+
+```ruby
+Song.genre_count
+  # => {"rap" => 5, "rock" => 1, "country" => 3}
+```
+
+This manner of displaying numerical data is called a
+[histogram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram). How will you create your
+histogram? There are a few ways!
+
+- You can need to iterate over the `@@genres` array and populate a hash with the
+  key/value pairs. You will need to check to see if the hash already contains a
+  key of a particular genre. If so, increment the value of that key by one,
+  otherwise, create a new key/value pair.
+- You can also look into the [`#tally`][tally docs] method.
+
+`Song.artist_count`: returns a histogram similar to the one above, but for
+artists rather than genres.
+
+## Resources
+
+- [`#tally`][tally docs]
+
+[tally docs]: https://ruby-doc.org/core-2.7.0/Enumerable.html#method-i-tally
+
+
+***
+
+## Resources
+
+- [Python Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/)
+- [Classes - Python](https://docs.python.org/3/)
+- [Python Class Attributes: An Overly Thorough Guide - Toptal](https://www.toptal.com/python/python-class-attributes-an-overly-thorough-guide)
+- [Python's Instance, Class, and Static Methods Demystified - Real Python](https://realpython.com/instance-class-and-static-methods-demystified/)
+- [The Factory Method Pattern and Its Implementation in Python - Real Python](https://realpython.com/factory-method-python/)

testing/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+def pytest_itemcollected(item):
+    par = item.parent.obj
+    node = item.obj
+    pref = par.__doc__.strip() if par.__doc__ else par.__class__.__name__
+    suf = node.__doc__.strip() if node.__doc__ else node.__name__
+    if pref or suf:
+        item._nodeid = ' '.join((pref, suf))