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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>MongoDb数据导入踩坑记录 - TechLoveDeath</title>
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<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2017-11-17T16:14:00+08:00"> Fri 17 November 2017</time>
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<ul>
<li>优化前：<strong>1天导入1个月左右的数据</strong></li>
<li>优化后：<strong>30分钟内导入1年的数据</strong></li>
</ul>
<h2>两个问题：</h2>
<ol>
<li>mongodb插入大数据的正确方法</li>
<li>mongodb如何把数据切换到外置SSD上面</li>
</ol>
<h2>插入方式</h2>
<p>大概在两个星期前，买了03年到现在的商品期货的tick数据，不过只有15年和以后的才是ctp格式，所以我还需要写两个导入程序，我是先写的15年前的，其实我走错了一步，应该先写15年后的，这样和我现在的数据（17年）能连接起来，不然我2004年的导好了，是用不了的。不过当时我确实没想到，我用错了数据插入方法后，速度会如此的慢，也是有点超出我的想像。</p>
<p>我先写的老数据（15年前）的导入，其实程序不复杂，就是把tick里面的细节处理好就行，然后在插入时我用了</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">flt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'datetime'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">tick_data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">DES_DB</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">collection_name</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update_one</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">flt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'$set'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">tick_data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="vm">__dict__</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">upsert</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>这句话是从vnpy老版本的数据收集器里面扒下来的，当时的场景是收集实时数据，数据量不是很大，这样写是没有问题的，还可以防止日期重复的数据产生。但是我现在数据量压缩包都是50个G，所以还是不能直接用，我昨天实在受不了之后其实是先切换的SSD，发现还是慢，所以才想到了是不是插入方式的问题。</p>
<p>后来查了一些资料，我改用了insert_many，10000条一轮，但是该函数少了一个check主键datetime的问题，不过我在导入之前已经判断了相邻datetime重复的问题，所以出现datetime重复的概率应该不是很大。</p>
<p>所以现在是30分钟之内可以成功导入1年的数据，棒棒哒</p>
<h2>SSD切换</h2>
<p>再来讲讲我切换SSD的过程，也是一个坑。</p>
<p>其实原理非常简单，停止mongod服务，把/var/lib/mongodb下的文件移动到SSD上，再把/etc/mongodb.conf里面的dbPath对应的改掉就行。</p>
<p>但是我今天试了好几个小时都没启动起来，错误都是对目录没有访问权限，但是我明明chmod 777过啊，我擦。后来我用mongodb的用户登陆了bash，在里面做实验，确实没有权限，没有深究，估计是系统对这些服务类的用户限制比较大，还有一个原因应该是我的是USB SSD，所以是移动硬盘，我在home文件夹下是成功了的。</p>
<p>知道原因之后也很简单，把mongod的启动用户改成其他用户就行，我比较暴力，直接改成了root，反正把tick数据导完了再恢复就行。</p>
<p>遇到不科学的事情后，不要急，慢慢查原因，肯定能解决</p>
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