《深入设计模式》—— 组合模式

[BUPTlhuanyu]

组合模式是一个非常常见的设计模式，从下面的一个例子体会将复杂的繁琐的计算拆分成数结构进行递归计算：

可以用来优化 word-to-html 库中的代码，树结构很容易联想到虚拟 dom 树/fiber 树等等。

[BUPTlhuanyu]

/**
 * The base Component class declares common operations for both simple and
 * complex objects of a composition.
 */
abstract class Component {
    protected parent: Component;

    /**
     * Optionally, the base Component can declare an interface for setting and
     * accessing a parent of the component in a tree structure. It can also
     * provide some default implementation for these methods.
     */
    public setParent(parent: Component) {
        this.parent = parent;
    }

    public getParent(): Component {
        return this.parent;
    }

    /**
     * In some cases, it would be beneficial to define the child-management
     * operations right in the base Component class. This way, you won't need to
     * expose any concrete component classes to the client code, even during the
     * object tree assembly. The downside is that these methods will be empty
     * for the leaf-level components.
     */
    public add(component: Component): void { }

    public remove(component: Component): void { }

    /**
     * You can provide a method that lets the client code figure out whether a
     * component can bear children.
     */
    public isComposite(): boolean {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * The base Component may implement some default behavior or leave it to
     * concrete classes (by declaring the method containing the behavior as
     * "abstract").
     */
    public abstract operation(): string;
}

/**
 * The Leaf class represents the end objects of a composition. A leaf can't have
 * any children.
 *
 * Usually, it's the Leaf objects that do the actual work, whereas Composite
 * objects only delegate to their sub-components.
 */
class Leaf extends Component {
    public operation(): string {
        return 'Leaf';
    }
}

/**
 * The Composite class represents the complex components that may have children.
 * Usually, the Composite objects delegate the actual work to their children and
 * then "sum-up" the result.
 */
class Composite extends Component {
    protected children: Component[] = [];

    /**
     * A composite object can add or remove other components (both simple or
     * complex) to or from its child list.
     */
    public add(component: Component): void {
        this.children.push(component);
        component.setParent(this);
    }

    public remove(component: Component): void {
        const componentIndex = this.children.indexOf(component);
        this.children.splice(componentIndex, 1);

        component.setParent(null);
    }

    public isComposite(): boolean {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * The Composite executes its primary logic in a particular way. It
     * traverses recursively through all its children, collecting and summing
     * their results. Since the composite's children pass these calls to their
     * children and so forth, the whole object tree is traversed as a result.
     */
    public operation(): string {
        const results = [];
        for (const child of this.children) {
            results.push(child.operation());
        }

        return `Branch(${results.join('+')})`;
    }
}

这种模式，在平时代码中很常见，实现一个抽象类 component，不同的类型的节点都继承该类，使用如下：

/**
 * The client code works with all of the components via the base interface.
 */
function clientCode(component: Component) {
    // ...

    console.log(`RESULT: ${component.operation()}`);

    // ...
}

/**
 * This way the client code can support the simple leaf components...
 */
const simple = new Leaf();
console.log('Client: I\'ve got a simple component:');
clientCode(simple);
console.log('');

/**
 * ...as well as the complex composites.
 */
const tree = new Composite();
const branch1 = new Composite();
branch1.add(new Leaf());
branch1.add(new Leaf());
const branch2 = new Composite();
branch2.add(new Leaf());
tree.add(branch1);
tree.add(branch2);
console.log('Client: Now I\'ve got a composite tree:');
clientCode(tree);
console.log('');

/**
 * Thanks to the fact that the child-management operations are declared in the
 * base Component class, the client code can work with any component, simple or
 * complex, without depending on their concrete classes.
 */
function clientCode2(component1: Component, component2: Component) {
    // ...

    if (component1.isComposite()) {
        component1.add(component2);
    }
    console.log(`RESULT: ${component1.operation()}`);

    // ...
}

console.log('Client: I don\'t need to check the components classes even when managing the tree:');
clientCode2(tree, simple);