From ebde415a5748f6382168c858d7d371ba32a854c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: FAB <143941135+FaheemorFAB@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 27 Oct 2024 17:19:12 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] Add Timsort.java

---
 Algorithms/Timsort.java | 94 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 94 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Algorithms/Timsort.java

diff --git a/Algorithms/Timsort.java b/Algorithms/Timsort.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69420ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Algorithms/Timsort.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/**
+ * Timsort implementation in Java
+ * This is a hybrid sorting algorithm derived from merge sort and insertion sort.
+ */
+public class Timsort {
+    private static final int RUN = 32;
+
+    /**
+     * Main function that sorts the array using Timsort algorithm.
+     *
+     * @param arr Array to be sorted
+     * @param n   Size of the array
+     */
+    public static void timSort(int[] arr, int n) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i += RUN) {
+            insertionSort(arr, i, Math.min((i + 31), (n - 1)));
+        }
+
+        for (int size = RUN; size < n; size = 2 * size) {
+            for (int left = 0; left < n; left += 2 * size) {
+                int mid = left + size - 1;
+                int right = Math.min((left + 2 * size - 1), (n - 1));
+
+                if (mid < right) {
+                    merge(arr, left, mid, right);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Function to perform insertion sort on a subarray.
+     *
+     * @param arr   Array to be sorted
+     * @param left  Starting index of the subarray
+     * @param right Ending index of the subarray
+     */
+    public static void insertionSort(int[] arr, int left, int right) {
+        for (int i = left + 1; i <= right; i++) {
+            int temp = arr[i];
+            int j = i - 1;
+            while (j >= left && arr[j] > temp) {
+                arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
+                j--;
+            }
+            arr[j + 1] = temp;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Function to merge two sorted subarrays.
+     *
+     * @param arr  Array to be merged
+     * @param l    Starting index of the first subarray
+     * @param m    Ending index of the first subarray
+     * @param r    Ending index of the second subarray
+     */
+    public static void merge(int[] arr, int l, int m, int r) {
+        int len1 = m - l + 1, len2 = r - m;
+        int[] left = new int[len1];
+        int[] right = new int[len2];
+        for (int x = 0; x < len1; x++) {
+            left[x] = arr[l + x];
+        }
+        for (int x = 0; x < len2; x++) {
+            right[x] = arr[m + 1 + x];
+        }
+
+        int i = 0, j = 0, k = l;
+
+        while (i < len1 && j < len2) {
+            if (left[i] <= right[j]) {
+                arr[k] = left[i];
+                i++;
+            } else {
+                arr[k] = right[j];
+                j++;
+            }
+            k++;
+        }
+
+        while (i < len1) {
+            arr[k] = left[i];
+            k++;
+            i++;
+        }
+
+        while (j < len2) {
+            arr[k] = right[j];
+            k++;
+            j++;
+        }
+    }
+}