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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN" data-theme="light"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"><title>Python基础语法（一）基础入门——变量、数据类型 | BEIDAO.</title><meta name="keywords" content="Python语法"><meta name="author" content="Beidaos"><meta name="copyright" content="Beidaos"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"><meta name="theme-color" content="#C6B3B1"><meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-touch-fullscreen" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Python基础语法（一）基础入门——变量、数据类型"><meta name="application-name" content="Python基础语法（一）基础入门——变量、数据类型"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default"><link rel="bookmark" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="512x512" href="/img/siteicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:320px) and (device-height:568px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1136x640.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:320px) and (device-height:568px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_640x1136.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:896px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2688x1242.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:896px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1792x828.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1125x2436.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:896px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_828x1792.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2436x1125.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:736px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1242x2208.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:414px) and (device-height:736px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2208x1242.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:667px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_1334x750.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:667px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:portrait)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_750x1334.png"><link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="screen and (device-width:1024px) and (device-height:1366px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:2) and (orientation:landscape)" href="/img/siteicon/splashIcons/icon_2732x2048.png"><meta name="description" content="目标 变量的作用 定义变量 认识数据类型 变量的作用 举例体验：我们去图书馆读书，怎么样快速找到自己想要的书籍呢？是不是管理员提前将书放到固定位置，并把这个位置进行了编号，我们只需要在图书馆中按照这个编号查找指定的位置就能找到想要的书籍。 这个编号其实就是把书籍存放的书架位置起了一个名字，方便后期查找和使用。 程序中，数据都是临时存储在内存中，为了更快速的查找或使用这个数据，通常我们把这个数">
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class="site-page" href="javascript:void(0);" rel="external nofollow noreferrer"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-bars"></i></a></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><div id="post-firstinfo"><div class="meta-firstline"><a class="post-meta-original">原创</a><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-inbox post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="categories/Python%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/">Python语法</a></span><span class="article-meta tags"><a class="article-meta__tags" href="tags/Python%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/"><span><i class="iconfont icon-Tags"></i>Python语法</span></a></span></div></div><h1 class="post-title">Python基础语法（一）基础入门——变量、数据类型</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><i class="iconfont icon-zuozhe"></i><span class="post-meta-author">安志</span><span class="post-meta-date"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-calendar-days post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2023-05-06T04:43:59.000Z" title="发表于 2023-05-06 12:43:59">2023-05-06</time><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-history post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2024-03-01T07:07:16.642Z" title="更新于 2024-03-01 15:07:16">2024-03-01</time></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-file-word post-meta-icon" title="文章字数"></i><span class="post-meta-label" title="文章字数">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count" title="文章字数">935</span><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-clock post-meta-icon" title="阅读时长"></i><span class="post-meta-label" title="阅读时长">阅读时长:</span><span>3分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator"></span><span class="post-meta-position" title="作者IP属地为北京"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-location-dot"></i>北京</span></div></div></div><section class="main-hero-waves-area waves-area"><svg class="waves-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 24 150 28" preserveAspectRatio="none" shape-rendering="auto"><defs><path id="gentle-wave" d="M -160 44 c 30 0 58 -18 88 -18 s 58 18 88 18 s 58 -18 88 -18 s 58 18 88 18 v 44 h -352 Z"></path></defs><g class="parallax"><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="0"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="3"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="5"></use><use href="#gentle-wave" x="48" y="7"></use></g></svg></section><div id="post-top-cover"><img class="nolazyload" id="post-top-bg" src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@main/博客站点配图/python-logo.6puefdh4wtk0.png"></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h2 id="目标">目标</h2>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">变量的作用</li>
<li class="lvl-2">定义变量</li>
<li class="lvl-2">认识数据类型</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="变量的作用">变量的作用</h2>
<img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20230503114212314.png" alt="image-20230503114212314" style="zoom:60%;aligin:ceter;" />
<p>举例体验：我们去图书馆读书，怎么样快速找到自己想要的书籍呢？是不是管理员提前将书放到固定位置，并把这个位置进行了编号，我们只需要在图书馆中按照这个编号查找指定的位置就能找到想要的书籍。</p>
<p>这个编号其实就是把书籍存放的书架位置起了一个名字，方便后期查找和使用。</p>
<p>程序中，数据都是临时存储在内存中，为了更快速的查找或使用这个数据，通常我们把这个数据在内存中存储之后定义一个名称，这个名称就是变量。</p>
<p><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20190122123202213.png" alt="image-20190122123202213"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>变量就是<strong>一个存储数据的的时候当前数据所在的内存地址的名字</strong>而已。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="定义变量">定义变量</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">变量名 = 值(数据)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>变量名自定义，要满足<mark>标识符</mark>命名规则。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="标识符">标识符</h3>
<p><strong>标识符命名规则</strong>是Python中定义各种名字的时候的统一规范，具体如下：</p>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p><strong>由数字、字母、下划线组成</strong></p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>不能数字开头，可以放在中间</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>不能使用内置关键字（python已经定义的关键字）</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>严格区分大小写</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">False None True and as assert break class </span><br><span class="line">continue def del elif else except finally for</span><br><span class="line">from global if import in is lambda nonlocal</span><br><span class="line">not or pass raise return try while with </span><br><span class="line">yield</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="变量名的命名">变量名的命名</h3>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>见名知义。</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>大驼峰：即每个单词首字母都大写，例如：<code>MyName</code>。</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>小驼峰：第二个（含）以后的单词首字母大写，例如：<code>myName</code>。</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>下划线(推荐）：例如：<code>my_name</code>。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="使用变量">使用变量</h3>
<p>定义变量时，需**<font color=red>使用单引号’ ',引号里放具体数据</font>**</p>
<p><mark>变量需要先定义再使用</mark></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">my_name = <span class="string">'TOM'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(my_name)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">schoolName = <span class="string">'黑马程序员'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(schoolName)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="认识bug">认识bug</h3>
<p>所谓bug，就是程序中的错误。如果程序有错误，需要程序员排查问题，纠正错误。</p>
<p><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20190115125845015-7528325.png" alt="image-20190115125845015"></p>
<h3 id="Debug工具">Debug工具</h3>
<p>Debug工具是PyCharm IDE中集成的用来调试程序的工具，在这里程序员可以查看程序的执行细节和流程或者调解bug。</p>
<p>Debug工具使用步骤：</p>
<ol>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>打断点</p>
</li>
<li class="lvl-3">
<p>Debug调试</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="打断点">打断点</h4>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>断点位置</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>目标要调试的代码块的第一行代码即可，即一个断点即可。</p>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>打断点的方法</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>单击</strong>目标代码的<strong>行号右侧空白位置。</strong></p>
<p><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20190115130541289-7528741.png" alt="image-20190115130541289"></p>
<h3 id="Debug（调试）">Debug（调试）</h3>
<p>打成功断点后，在文件内部任意位置 — <strong>右键 – Debug（调试）‘文件名’ — 即可调出Debug（调试）工具面板 – 单击Step Over/F8</strong>，即可按步执行代码。</p>
<p><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20190115130809100-7528889.png" alt="image-20190115130809100"></p>
<h4 id="Debug输出面板分类">Debug输出面板分类</h4>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>Debugger</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">显示变量和变量的细节</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>Console</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">输出内容</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="认识数据类型">认识数据类型</h2>
<p><strong>在 Python 里为了应对不同的业务需求，也把数据分为不同的类型。</strong></p>
<p><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.statically.io/gh/AnZhiJJ/Blog_Img@Python/pythonStudy_img/image-20190111124628584-7181988.png" alt="image-20190111124628584"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>检测数据类型的方法：<code>type()</code></p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(a)) <span class="comment"># <class 'int'> -- 整型</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">b = <span class="number">1.1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(b)) <span class="comment"># <class 'float'> -- 浮点型</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">c = <span class="literal">True</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(c)) <span class="comment"># <class 'bool'> -- 布尔型</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">d = <span class="string">'12345'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(d)) <span class="comment"># <class 'str'> -- 字符串</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">e = [<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">30</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(e)) <span class="comment"># <class 'list'> -- 列表</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">f = (<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">30</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(f)) <span class="comment"># <class 'tuple'> -- 元组</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">h = {<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">30</span>}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(h)) <span class="comment"># <class 'set'> -- 集合</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">g = {<span class="string">'name'</span>: <span class="string">'TOM'</span>, <span class="string">'age'</span>: <span class="number">20</span>}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="built_in">type</span>(g)) <span class="comment"># <class 'dict'> -- 字典--键值对</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="总结">总结</h2>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>定义变量的语法</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">变量名 = 值</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul class="lvl-0">
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>标识符</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">由数字、字母、下划线组成</li>
<li class="lvl-4">不能数字开头</li>
<li class="lvl-4">不能使用内置关键字</li>
<li class="lvl-4">严格区分大小写</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="lvl-2">
<p>数据类型</p>
<ul class="lvl-2">
<li class="lvl-4">整型：int</li>
<li class="lvl-4">浮点型：float</li>
<li class="lvl-4">字符串：str</li>
<li class="lvl-4">布尔型：bool</li>
<li class="lvl-4">元组：tuple</li>
<li class="lvl-4">集合：set</li>
<li class="lvl-4">字典：dic</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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class="toc-text">认识bug</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Debug%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7"><span class="toc-text">Debug工具</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%93%E6%96%AD%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-text">打断点</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Debug%EF%BC%88%E8%B0%83%E8%AF%95%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-text">Debug（调试）</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#Debug%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E9%9D%A2%E6%9D%BF%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-text">Debug输出面板分类</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">认识数据类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div 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}
rm.reloadrmSize();
// 鼠标默认显示在鼠标右下方，当鼠标靠右或靠下时，将菜单显示在鼠标左方\上方
if (pageX + rmWidth > window.innerWidth) {
pageX -= rmWidth + 10;
}
if (pageY + rmHeight > window.innerHeight) {
pageY -= pageY + rmHeight - window.innerHeight;
}
rm.showRightMenu(true, pageY, pageX);
document.getElementById("rightmenu-mask").style.display = "flex";
return false;
}
};
// 监听右键初始化
window.oncontextmenu = oncontextmenuFunction
// 下载图片状态
rm.downloadimging = false;
// 复制图片到剪贴板
rm.writeClipImg = function (imgsrc) {
console.log("按下复制");
rm.hideRightMenu();
anzhiyu.snackbarShow("正在下载中，请稍后", false, 10000);
if (rm.downloadimging == false) {
rm.downloadimging = true;
setTimeout(function () {
copyImage(imgsrc);
anzhiyu.snackbarShow("复制成功！图片已添加盲水印，请遵守版权协议");
rm.downloadimging = false;
}, "10000");
}
};