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index_tut.php
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<?php
$f_name="Ai"; //variable with string datatype in double quotes (single quotes can be used too).
$l_name='Dj';
$age=44; //integer
$height=1.91; //float
$can_vote=true; //boolean
$address=array('street' => '1 Hacker Way', 'city'=> 'Palo Alto');
$state = NULL; //variable has no value;
define('PI',3.14159265);
?>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>PHP Tutorial</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Name: <?php echo $f_name . ' ' . $l_name; ?></p>
<form action="index.php" method="get"><br>
<label>Your State : </label>
<input type="text" name="state"/><br>
<label>Number 1 : </label>
<input type="text" name="num_1"/><br>
<label>Number 2 : </label>
<input type="text" name="num_2"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit"/>
</form>
<?php
if(isset($_GET) && array_key_exists('state', $_GET)){
$state = $_GET['state'];
if (isset($state) && !empty($state)){
echo 'You live in ' . $state . '<br>';
echo "$f_name lives in $state<br>";
}
if (count($_GET) >= 3){
$num_1 = $_GET['num_1'];
$num_2 = $_GET['num_2'];
echo "<h2>Math operator</h2>";
echo "$num_1 + $num_2 = " .($num_1 + $num_2).'<br>';
echo "$num_1 - $num_2 = " .($num_1 - $num_2).'<br>';
echo "$num_1 * $num_2 = " .($num_1 * $num_2).'<br>';
echo "$num_1 / $num_2 = " .($num_1 / $num_2).'<br>';
echo "$num_1 % $num_2 = " .($num_1 % $num_2).'<br>';
echo "$num_1 / $num_2 = " .(intdiv($num_1 , $num_2)).'<br>';
echo "<h2>Increment / Decrement</h2>";
echo "Increment $num_1 = " .($num_1++).'<br>';
echo "Decrement $num_1 = " .($num_1--).'<br>';
echo "<h2>Math functions</h2>";
echo "abs(-5) = " . abs(-5) .'<br>';
echo "ceil(4.45) = " . ceil(4.45) . "<br>";
echo "floor(4.45) = " . floor(4.45) . "<br>";
echo "round(4.45) = " . round(4.45) . "<br>";
echo "max(4,5) = " . max(4,5) . "<br>";
echo "min(4,5) = " . min(4,5) . "<br>";
echo "pow(4,2) = " . pow(4,2) . "<br>";
echo "sqrt(16) = " . sqrt(16)."<br>";
echo "exp(1) = " . exp(1) . "<br>";
echo"log(e) = " . log(exp(1)) . "<br>";
echo "log10(10) = " . log10(1) . "<br>";
echo "PI= " . pi() . "<br>";
echo "hypot(10,10) = " . hypot(10,10) . "<br>"; # hypothenuse
echo "deg2rad(90) = " . deg2rad(90) . "<br>";
echo "rad2deg(1.57) = " . rad2deg(1.57) . "<br>";
echo "mt_rand(1,50) = " . mt_rand(1,50) . "<br>"; # fast random number
echo "rand(1,50) = " . rand(1,50) . "<br>"; # original random num
echo "Max Random = " . mt_getrandmax() . "<br>"; # max random num
echo "is_finite(10) = " . is_finite(0) . "<br>";
echo "is_infinite(log(10)) = " . is_infinite(log(0)) . "<br>";
echo "is_numeric(\"10\") = " . is_numeric("10") . "<br>";
echo "sin(0) = " . sin(0) . "<br>"; # sin, cos, tan, asin, atan, asinh, acosh, atanh, atan2
echo "<h2>number format</h2>";
echo number_format(12345.6789, 2) . "<br>";
echo "<h2>Conditionals</h2>";
echo "<li>IF Statment</li>";
$num_oranges = 4;
$num_bananas = 36;
if(($num_oranges > 25) && ($num_bananas > 30)){
echo "35% Discount<br>";
}
elseif (($num_oranges>30) || ($num_bananas>35)){
echo "15% Discount<br>";
}
elseif (!($num_oranges <5) || (!($nun_bananas < 5))){
echo "5% Discount<br>";
}
else {
echo "No Discount<br>";
}
echo "<li>SWITCH Statement</li>";
}
$request = "Coke";
switch($request){
case "Coke":
echo "Here is your Coke<br>";
break;
case "Pepsi":
echo "Here is your Pepsi<br>";
break;
default:
echo "Here is your Water<br>";
break;
}
$age = 12;
switch(true){
case ($age<5):
echo "stay home<br>";
break;
case ($age == 5):
echo "Go to kindergarten<br>";
break;
case in_array($age, range(6,17)):
$grade = $age - 5;
echo "Go to Grade $grade<br>";
break;
default:
echo "Go to College<br>";
break;
}
echo "<li>Ternary operator</li>";
$can_vote = ($age>=18)? "Can Vote" : "Can't Vote";
echo "Vote? : $can_vote<br>";
echo "<li>Identity Operator ===</li>";
echo "\"10\"===10? : ";
if("10"===10){
echo "They are equal<br>";
}
else {
echo "They are not equal<br>";
}
echo "\"10\"==10? : ";
if("10"==10){
echo "They are equal<br>";
}
else {
echo "They are not equal<br>";
}
echo "<h2>printf</h2>";
printf("%c %d %.2f %s<br>", 65, 65, 1.234, "string");
echo "<h2>Conditionals</h2>";
$rand_str = " Random String ";
echo "string: $rand_str<br>";
printf("length : %d<br>", strlen($rand_str));
printf("Length : %d<br>", strlen(rtrim($rand_str)));
printf("Length : %d<br>", strlen(rtrim($rand_str)));
$rand_str = trim($rand_str);
printf("Upper : %s<br>", strtoupper($rand_str));
printf("Lower : %s<br>", strtolower($rand_str));
printf("Upper first character of every word: %s<br>", ucfirst($rand_str));
printf("First 6 characters : %s<br>", substr($rand_str, 0, 6));
printf("Index : %s<br>", strpos($rand_str, "String"));
$rand_str = str_replace("String", "Characters", $rand_str);
printf("A == B : %d<br>", strcmp("A","B"));
echo "<h2>Array</h2>";
$colors = array("blue", "orange", "yellow");
echo '1st color : ' . $colors[0] . '<br>';
$colors[3]="red";
foreach($colors as $color){
printf("color : %s<br>", $color);
}
$my_info = array('Name' => 'AI', 'Street' => 'Hacker Way');
foreach($my_info as $key => $value){
printf("%s : %s<br>", $key, $value);
};
$morecolor = array('indigo');
$colors = $colors + $morecolor;
sort($colors);
rsort($colors);
asort($my_info);
ksort($my_info);
arsort($my_info);
krsort($my_info);
$_2darray = array(array('addition', '+'),
array('subtraction','-'),
array('multiplication','*'),
array('division','/'));
for($row = 0; $row < 4; $row++ ){
for ($col = 0; $col < 2; $col++){
echo $_2darray[$row][$col] . ', ';
}
echo '<br>';
}
$let_str = "A B C D";
$let_arr=explode(' ', $let_str);
foreach($let_arr as $l){
printf("Letter : %s<br>", $l);
}
$let_str2 = implode($let_arr);
printf("%s<br>", $let_str2);
printf("Key exists : %d<br>", array_key_exists("Name", $my_info));
printf("Value exists : %d<br>", in_array("yellow", $colors));
echo "<h2>Loops</h2>";
$i = 0;
while ($i <10){
echo ++$i . ', ';
}
echo '<br>';
for($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++){
if($i%2==0){
continue;
}
if($i==7) break;
echo $i . ', ';
}
echo "<br>";
$i = 0;
do{
echo "Do While : $i<br>";
} while ($i>0);
echo "<h2>Functions</h2>";
function addNumbers($num1=0, $num2=0){
return $num1 + $num2;
}
printf("5 + 4 = %d<br>", addNumbers(5,4));
function changeMebyValue($change){
$change = 10;
}
$change = 5;
changeMebyValue($change);
echo "Change by value: $change<br>";
function changeMebyReference(&$change){
$change = 10;
}
changeMebyReference($change);
echo "Change by reference: " . $change ."<br>";
function getSum(...$nums){
$sum = 0;
foreach($nums as $num){
$sum += $num;
}
return $sum;
}
printf("Sum = %d<br>", getSum(1,2,3,4));
function doMath($x, $y){
return array(
$x + $y,
$x -$y
);
}
list($sum, $difference) = doMath(5,4);
echo "Sum = $sum<br>";
echo "Difference = $difference<br>";
function square($x){
return $x*$x;
}
$list = [1,2,3,4];
$dbl_list=array_map('square', $list);
print_r($dbl_list); # prints out a human readable list;
function mult($x,$y){
$x *= $y;
return $x;
}
$prod = array_reduce($list, 'mult', 1);
printf("<br>%d <br>", $prod);
function isEven($x){
return ($x % 2 == 0);
}
$even_list = array_filter($list, 'isEven');
print_r($even_list);
echo "<h2>Dates</h2>";
date_default_timezone_set('Europe/London');
echo "Date : " . date('I F m-d-Y g:i:s A') . "<br>";
$import_date = mktime(0,0,0 ,12,21,1974);
echo "Important Date : " . date('I F m-d-Y g:i:s A', $import_date) . "<br>";
echo "<h2>Including files inside php code</h2>";
include 'say_hello.php';
echo "<h2>Exception Handling</h2>";
function badDivide($num){
if($num ==0){
throw new Exception("You can't divide by zero");
}
return $calc = 100/ $num;
}
try{
echo "Hello<br>";
echo 'Divide 100 by 0 :' . badDivide(0) . '<br>';
echo 'Divide 100 by 1 :' . badDivide(1) . '<br>';
}
catch(Exception $e){
echo "Exception : " . $e->getMessage();
}
}
?>
<hr>
<form action="form_post_method.php" method="post">
<label>Email : </label>
<input type="text" name="email"/><br>
<label>Number 1 : </label>
<input type = "text" name="number1"/><br>
<label>Number 2 : </label>
<input type = "text" name="number2"/><br>
<label>Website : </label>
<input type = "text" name="website"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
</form>
<?php
if (isset($_POST["email"])){
# INPUT_GET, INPUT_POST, INPUT_COOKIE, INPUT_SERVER, or INPUT_ENV
if(!filter_input(INPUT_POST,"email", FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)){
echo "Email isn't valid<br>";
} else {
echo "Email is valid<br>";
}
}
if(isset($_POST["number1"]) && !empty($_POST["number2"])){
$number1 = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'number1', FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_FLOAT,FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_FRACTION);
$number2 = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'number2', FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_FLOAT, FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_FRACTION);
$output = sprintf("%.1f + %.1f = %.1f", $number1, $number2, ($number1 + $number2));
echo htmlspecialchars($output) . '<br>';
}
if (isset($_POST["website"])){
$website = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'website', FILTER_VALIDATE_URL);
echo 'Website : ' . htmlspecialchars($website) . '<br>';
}
# Other Validations : php.net/manual/en/filter.filters.validate.php
# Sanitization Filters : php.net/manual/en/filter.filters.sanitize.php
$con_html ='<a href="#">Sample</a>';
echo $con_html . '<br>';
echo htmlspecialchars($con_html) . '<br>';
echo strip_tags($con_html, '<a') . '<br>';
$con_html = strip_tags($con_html) . '<br>';
echo $con_html . '<br>';
?>
</body>
</html>